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<正>尽管辐射保藏食品已有四十多年的历史,但人们仍习惯把辐射食品看作一代新食品.随着遗传工程应用到食品生产和新的食品加工技术不断出现,运用新的更恰当的方法对此新一代食品进行卫生学评价已提上了食品研究的日程.由于分子生物学和生物技术的应用,对其是否给人类健康带来潜在的危害,需作深入研究.以前常用的微生物学、营养学、和毒理学的调查研究方法还将继续应用于新的食品.一般,人们对消费的辐射食品进行安全性评价包括四个基本方面:①放射学安全性;②微生物学安全性;③营养保持;④毒理学的安全性;目前,安全性评价集中到毒理学的调查这个领域,许多卫生学评价新观念也都出自毒理学的研究.这方面的究研是通过动物饲养试验和诱变试验(致突变试验)来进行的. 相似文献
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毒理学的发展是实施食品安全保障的技术支撑 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
徐海滨 《中国食品卫生杂志》2009,21(4)
为了解改革开放30年来食品毒理学的进展,从承担国家重大科技项目、为政府对保健食品等产品的审批提供技术支撑、制定修订法规和标准的角度进行介绍。食品毒理学的发展取得了辉煌的成就,在保障食品安全和确保食品食用安全性方面发挥了重要作用,但在科学研究、检验和评价法规、标准等领域仍有许多不足。为进一步提高我国食品安全性毒理学检验的规范性及检验结果的国际认可度,建立与国际接轨的食品安全性毒理学评价方法体系以及GLP管理规范下的质量保证体系已迫在眉睫。 相似文献
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本文展开对食品毒理学新技术的应用分析,主要是为了明确当前食品毒理学的新技术应用情况。现阶段,科学技术得到快速的更新,借助先进的技术,毒理学逐渐在食品安全卫生中得以应用。从某种角度而言,食品毒理学可以有效实现对食品卫生安全的有效检测,对于日后提高食品的安全性具有重要意义。基于此,国内外不少学者都加强了对食品毒理学新技术的研究。本文在研究中,主要从前人学者的角度上,对前人关于食品毒理学新技术的应用研究成果加以整理和归纳,然后进行综述。 相似文献
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陈君石 《中国食品卫生杂志》1995,(2)
食品毒理学的新进展(综述)陈君石中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所(100050)食品毒理学的任务是研究与食品有关的毒理学问题。以减少食品中有害物质对人体健康的危害。就其研究对象而言。可以包括凡是与食品的生产、加工、包装、贮藏、运输和销售过程有关... 相似文献
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Yingyu Hou Xixia Liu Yanlin Qin Yaoyao Hou Jianjun Hou Qin Wu Wentao Xu 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2023,22(5):3481-3505
Food safety has long been an area of concern. The selection of stable and efficient model organisms is particularly important for food toxicology studies. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are small model vertebrates, and 70% of human genes have at least one zebrafish ortholog. Zebrafish have advantages as model organisms due to their short life cycle, strong reproductive ability, easy rearing, and low cost. Zebrafish embryos have the advantage of being sensitive to the breeding environment and thus have been used as biosensors. Zebrafish and their embryos have been widely used for food toxicology assessments. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive summary of food toxicology studies using zebrafish as model organisms. First, we briefly introduce the multidimensional mechanisms and structure–activity relationship studies of food toxicological assessment. Second, we categorize these studies according to eight types of hazards in foods, including mycotoxins, pesticides, antibiotics, heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, food additives, nanoparticles, and other food-related ingredients. Finally, we list the applications of zebrafish in food toxicology studies in line with future research prospects, aiming to provide a valuable reference for researchers in the field of food science. 相似文献
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Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have tremendous potential to enhance the food supply through novel applications, including nutrient and bioactive absorption and delivery systems; ingredient functionality; improved colors and flavors; microbial, allergen, and contaminant detection and control; and food packaging properties and performance. To determine the current state of knowledge regarding the safety of these potential uses of nanomaterials, an appraisal of the published literature on the safety of food-related nanomaterials was undertaken. A method of assessment of reliability of toxicology studies was developed to conduct this appraisal. The review of the toxicology literature on oral exposure to food-related nanomaterials found that the number of studies is limited. Exposure to nanomaterials in the human food chain may occur not only through intentional uses in food manufacturing, but also via uses in agricultural production and carry over from use in other industries. Although a number of analytical methods are useful in physicochemical characterization of manufactured nanomaterials, new methods may be needed to more fully detect and characterize nanomaterials incorporated into foods and in other media. There is a need for additional toxicology studies of sufficient quality and duration on different types of nanomaterials to further our understanding of the characteristics of nanomaterials that affect safety of oral exposure resulting from use in various food applications. 相似文献
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对在日本广泛应用的新型天然食品防腐剂-聚L-赖氨酸的研究历史及现状进行了全面综述。内容涉及-聚L-赖氨酸的生产菌种特性、抑菌机制、测定方法、毒性研究、发酵生产、分离纯化、在食品中的应用等方面。 相似文献
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转基因水稻食用安全性评价国内外概况 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
转基因水稻的研制与开发已经达到了可商业化阶段,但是出于对其食用与环境安全性的忧虑,目前还没有国家批准转基因水稻商品化。我国已经发现有疑似转基因稻种出现在市场上,这就迫切要求我们加快对转基因水稻的安全性评价尤其是食用安全性评价的研究,建立相应的评价标准,以规范转基因水稻的商业化及生产。本文主要从转基因水稻的营养成分实质等同性分析,动物营养学评价,体内及体外毒理学评价,致敏性评价及外源基因的水平转移五个角度对转基因水稻的国内外食用安全性评价工作进行了综述,以期为以后的食用安全性评价及标准体系的建立提供参考。 相似文献
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《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2013,30(5):792-798
A crucial limit to in silico preliminary toxicological evaluations in the “food safety” area is the lack of a specific, efficient and available free dataset of 3D small molecules. In this direction, we present the first version of FADB (Food Additives Data Base), a suitable and freely available food additives dataset. FADB is the 3D version of the EAFUS (Everything Added to Food in the United States) list, a sum of WHO, FAO food additive databases and could be a useful starting material in preliminary stages of toxicological assessments. Molecules in FADB are represented through several chemical and 1D identifies, physical properties and 3D (SD and Mol2 file) file formats. FADB also contains important information about functional uses of chemicals as food additives. The aim of the work is to put together substances potentially relevant to food into a “computational” library for virtual screening and docking studies with interesting scenarios for toxicology. 相似文献
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Jesús Simal-Gándara Senén Paz-Abuín Lennart Ahrné 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》1998,38(8):675-688
BADGE-based epoxy resins have been commercially available for more than 40 years. They are extremely versatile, finding applicationS in many fields in both thermal and ambient cure applications. The present review focuses on their use in the food industry as surface coatings for food and beverage cans, and in particular on their chemical stability in relation to their toxicology and sensorial effects on foods. The implications of these properties of epoxy resins for prospective EU legislation on plastic coatings for food contact is discussed. 相似文献