磁悬浮分子泵转子振动抑制研究

磁悬浮分子泵具有工作转速高、转子极转动惯量大等特点,针对磁悬浮分子泵转子在升速过程中出现的弯曲模态振动以及涡动模态振动,提出了一种基于滤波交叉反馈与陷波器的大转动惯量磁悬浮转子控制方法。建立磁悬浮轴承-大转动惯量刚性转子系统数学模型,求解得出转子涡动模态频率,根据该模型分析了滤波交叉反馈控制器对涡动模态振动的抑制效果,并且设计了陷波器用于抑制不同转速下的转子弯曲模态振动。试验结果表明,磁悬浮分子泵稳定升速至工作转速18 000 r/min,转子振动位移为35μm,弯曲模态振动以及涡动模态振动得到了有效抑制。     

基于压电分支阻尼技术的航空发动机叶片振动抑制方法研究

开展基于压电分支阻尼技术的叶片振动抑制方法研究。首先,对于叶片结构和压电陶瓷构成的机电耦合系统,研究其有限元动力学建模方法及模型减缩技术;其次,分析了经典的谐振分支电路以及含负电容的电感-电阻分支电路的原理和方法;最后,实际构建上述压电分支电路,重点研究了大电感和负电容的物理实现方法,并通过实验考察压电分支阻尼对某型航空发动机压气机叶片结构振动抑制的效果。实验结果表明:该建模及分析方法引入了压电陶瓷“等效电容”的概念,能够准确地预测叶片-压电陶瓷机电耦合系统的动力学特性,具备处理实际复杂叶片结构的能力;谐振分支电路在抑制叶片单阶模态振动方面效果显著,负电容的引入能够有效地增强压电分支阻尼效应。     

风力机叶片三维模型颤振问题

颤振对风力机叶片有巨大破坏力,作为一种典型的气动弹性稳定性问题,在现代风力机的叶片设计中越来越受到重视。建立叶片三维叶型模型和整机振动结构模型,利用振型叠加法计算不同振动模态下的特征频率、阻尼比和振型,得出不同叶片结构参数与颤振的关系。结果表明,叶片型面质心和扭转中心的距离、拍打方向弯曲刚度和挥舞方向弯曲刚度对颤振发生有较大影响。     

非对称大惯量刚性磁悬浮高速转子陀螺效应自适应抑制方法研究

针对磁悬浮分子泵中非对称大惯量刚性磁悬浮转子高速运行时出现的涡动模态失稳的问题,建立了非对称刚性转子的动力学模型,并提出了一种针对非对称转子的转速自适应的多通道单边滤波PIDC控制方法,在不同的转速段内自动切换反馈通道,通过优化预调参数对转子远离质心一端出现的涡动模态失稳的现象进行相位补偿,仿真结果表明,这种PIDC控制算法简单易用,可以有效解决高速下陀螺效应导致的转子一端进动和章动模态失稳的问题。通过实验验证了该方法的可靠性,分子泵样机平稳升速到21 000 r/min,样机达到了设计真空性能指标。     

航空发动机离心叶轮高阶模态振动故障研究

研究某航空发动机离心叶轮叶片高周疲劳断裂掉块故障。采用有限元计算分析,确定叶轮激振频率范围内的振动模态及应力分布,选取了对叶片各阶振动模态具有足够敏感性的位置安装应变计。叶片动应力测试获得了叶片大应力振动对应的叶轮共振频率、共振转速及激振源。利用计算和试验获得的数据进行叶片高周疲劳强度分析,提出排故措施并验证。研究结果表明:叶片断裂掉块故障原因是叶轮的高阶模态共振在叶片故障部位形成大应力,超过了其许用应力水平,提出的排故措施有效。发动机研制过程中应通过计算分析和动应力测试充分研究构件在激振频率范围内的各阶振动。     

V型叶尖结构对风力机结构动力学特性影响的实验研究

为找到不同几何参数V型叶尖结构对风力机结构动力学特性的影响,利用PULSE18.0结构振动分析系统和ME scope VES 5.1模态测试软件结合瞬态激振法,选取振动频率范围0~400 Hz和特定激励点,获得叶轮的固有频率;在低速风洞中,通过三向振动加速度传感器测定额定风速12 m/s时不同转速所对应的振动加速度,并分析改型前后叶轮前三阶振动频率。结果表明:3种叶片均在叶轮转速375~625 rad/min发生明显振动现象,叶轮在500 rad/min一二阶低频时,V-1型叶尖叶片偏离值为5.6%和4.4%,发生共振的可能性较低,V-2型叶尖叶片偏离值为3.4%和2.1%,发生共振的可能性较高,在三阶时改型前后的偏离值超过20%发生共振的可能性都比较低。该结果对风力机叶片叶尖改型的设计和避免共振提供一定的数据参考。     

动力吸振器用于夹层壁板颤振抑制的研究

提出了用动力吸振器来抑制夹层壁板颤振的新方法,将壁板设计成芯层分布安装微型动力吸振器的夹层壁板,针对壁板第一阶共振模态进行吸振设计,计算和分析了夹层壁板、带刚性梁夹层壁板和带吸振器夹层壁板的振动特性、频率响应特性和颤振特性.结果显示,吸振器能大幅度提高壁板的颤振速度,抑制夹层壁板颤振发生.     

主动电磁轴承-柔性转子系统的不同位效应

在电磁轴承支承的柔性转子系统中，由于结构的限制，位移传感器无法安装在电磁轴承的中心位置，因而产生了传感器中心位置与电磁轴承中心位置的不同位问题。电磁轴承和位移传感器的不同位不仅会影响转子系统的振动控制性能，还会导致控制系统失稳。应用有限元法建立了电磁轴承-柔性转子系统的动力学模型；从转子系统动力学特性、开环传递函数的零极点、频率响应曲线以及根轨迹等四个角度分析了不同位对电磁轴承-柔性转子系统动力学特性的影响；用多输入多输出的状态方程确定了不稳定模态特征值的具体位置，提出了减小控制器增益和插入式自适应陷波器等抑制不稳定弯曲模态的方法；在电磁轴承-柔性转子试验台上进行了试验。仿真和试验结果表明：不同位效应会通过影响模态信号的衰减而影响转子系统的稳定性，所提出的方法可在一定程度上抑制不同位导致的弯曲模态的不稳定。     

级间接触耦合的失谐叶盘模态局部化问题研究

基于有限元实体建模方法,建立了燃气轮机拉杆转子中两级叶盘系统有限元模型,分析比较了有无级间接触耦合作用下叶盘系统的模态特性,重点研究了轮盘级间接触耦合效应对叶盘系统频率转向特性的影响。研究表明,级间接触耦合作用下出现了叶盘耦合振动的复杂振动形式,振动能量不再局限于单级叶盘;级间耦合作用导致叶盘系统的频率转向特性发生改变,频率转向区内的模态不再高度密集,降低了叶盘系统对失谐的敏感度。建立了叶片刚度失谐的两级叶盘系统有限元模型并进行模态分析,结果显示失谐叶盘系统模态局部化程度较低。     

风力机叶片压电抑振效应与能量耗散机制研究

压电智能叶片是随着风力机向大型化发展而被提出的自适应减振概念叶片，本文探索了叶片压电抑振效应和能量耗散机制，提出了适用于变截面三维叶片的等效梁截面气弹模型设计方法，并基于同步测振测力气弹风洞试验对比研究了15 MW风力机叶片压电抑振效应；再基于二次开发的机电耦合叶片动力学模型，分析了机电气弹耦合模态的转速演变规律与能量分布形式，揭示了压电叶片的能量耗散机制。研究表明：提出的气弹风洞试验方法可有效反映压电叶片风振抑制效果；压电材料可缩小风力机叶片的敏感风向角区间，提高大幅锁频振动临界风速，延长气弹失稳的能量积累时间；压电材料导致叶片风振能量在模态空间均分转移，削弱了负阻尼模态的能量集聚，增强了正阻尼模态的能量耗散。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to