O3/H2O2联用工艺深度处理制浆造纸废水的试验研究

制浆造纸废水对水环境的污染十分严重,对其进行深度处理,势在必行,同时对废水深度处理技术的研究和应用也有着重要的意义。本文采用O3/H2O2工艺深度处理制浆造纸废水,考察了臭氧氧化法以及臭氧和过氧化氢联合工艺对废水COD、色度的去除效果和影响因素。结果表明,采用O3/H2O2联合工艺深度处理制浆造纸废水,效果显著,最终可将废水COD从300 mg.L-1降至95.250 mg.L-1,色度由350倍降至4倍以下,出水浊度小于5 NTU基本达到污水回用标准。     

BUBBLE AND FOAM SEPARATION OF EMULSIFIED BITUMEN FROM TAR SAND WASTEWATER

Process waters generated by the steam purging of tar sand deposits in Vernal, Utah, were treated by means of second-stage foam separation and air flotation operations. Among the independent process variables considered were hydraulic detention time, air flowrate. temperature, and polymer or surfactant addition level. System performance evaluations were based on second-stage effluent levels of total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS). total solids (TS), and turbidity. The results indicated that the most effective second-stage system studied was air flotation aided by polymer addition. Removals of TOC, COD, and SS accomplished by this system exceeded 98 percent.     

A CASE STUDY FOR CONTROL STRUCTURE SELECTION: CHLORINATION STAGE IN THE BLEACHING PROCESS OF A PULP AND PAPER PLANT

The minimization of chlorinated organic compounds in the effluents of the chlorination unit of a pulp mill is proposed by the use of a control structure for the chlorination unit. Bleached pulp properties are related to the unbleached pulp properties: lignin content, brightness, and viscosity, as well as the amount of chlorinated organics in the bleachery effluent. The best feasible control pairings are studied by RGA and SVD methods. Kappa number of the bleached pulp (a measure of lignin content) and percent consistency of the pulp to be bleached; residual chlorine (which affects the amount of chlorinated organics discharged) and percent chlorine/pulp ratio adapted in the chlorination stage; and exit pulp viscosity (which directly affects strength and tear resistance of the paper) and residence time in the chlorinator are chosen to be the best pairings.     

废纸制浆综合废水治理工程

本文针对废纸制浆综合废水的特点,根据生产纸张品种,从源头治起,在生产过程中采取清洁生产工艺,提高废水循环利用率,降低清水用量,为零排放打下良好的基础。为了能满足生产需要,在废水治理中采取物化＋生化的处理工艺,使污水经处理后各项指标均达到国家一级排放标准。     

Wastewater Minimization in Pulp and Paper Industries through Energy‐Efficient Reverse‐Osmosis Membrane Processes

Fresh water consumption and wastewater management is a mandatory task to conserve water resources and to reduce wastewater discharge from chemical production processes. Such objectives have been addressed in many industrial sectors which consume large amounts of fresh water. Possibilities for reducing wastewater volumes by regeneration and recycling routes in the pulp and paper industry are analyzed. During pulp preparation and paper making processes by the Kraft pulping method a large amount of water is required to deliver the finished paper product. Reverse osmosis (RO) is applied for the analyses as an interception separation technology to reduce salt concentrations in wastewater streams for recycling purposes. The RO network synthesis problem is formulated as mixed integer nonlinear programming model which is solved using the general algebraic modeling system. A preliminary cost estimate indicates economic incentives by installation of RO units to avoid wastewater discharge and generate relatively clean water streams for inter‐plant usage.     

磁种混凝-高梯度磁分离技术的印染废水处理

应用自制的高梯度磁分离装置处理印染废水,结果表明,低剂量Fenton氧化-磁种混凝-高梯度磁分离技术处理色度为800倍、COD为565．0mg／L的成分复杂印染废水效果良好,色度、COD的去除率分别达到92．6％和79．5％,符合国家二级排放标准。最佳工艺条件为：pH=6,FeSO4-7H2O=250mg／L,H2O2=1．3mL／L,PAM=0．75mg／L,磁粉加入量150mg／L,电流强度8A,水样流速2．420L／min,不锈钢丝绒填充率1．00％～1．43％。     

再生纸造纸污水的物理化学法快速净化与循环回用

介绍物理化学法快速净化高浊度工业污水工艺技术和本净水器结构设计原理,重点介绍再生纸造纸污水净化和回用工艺技术的机理及应用实践。证明物化法混凝净化技术与流体力学设计技术的巧妙结合能成功地处理高浊度无机污水和高浓度有机污水,实现工业用水闭路循环。     

磁化水处理在防垢和膜分离中的应用

本文详细介绍了磁场对水溶液物理化学性质和结晶过程的影响,磁场作用下离子对磁化效果的影响,磁化水处理机理以及磁场与膜分离过程相结合的研究和结论。     

造纸废水治理的投资探讨

造纸厂废水未经处理直接排放，严重污染了生态环境。作者选取了四种可选用的造纸废水处理方案，并对各方案的投资进行了估算，对每个方案的优缺点作了较详细的比较。     

还原-固液分离法处理电镀废水后的铬反弹成因分析与对策

从化学热力学和电化学理论出发，对固－液分离后的上清液和沉降污泥Cr^6＋含量以及Cr^3 -Cr^6 之间的形态转化相关性进行研究和分析，进而提醒人们要特别注意控制含铬污水中铬反弹及全过程处理的完整性。     

SEPARATION AND ENRICHMENT OF WEAK ORGANIC ACIDS OR BASES BY IMMOBILIZED LIQUID MEMBRANES

A new and effective liquid membrane process to achieve both separation and enrichment simultaneously of weak organic acids or bases was developed. The process utilizes effectively the difference in the apparent partition coefficient of the constituent species between the aqueous and organic phases, and uses the change of the apparent partition coefficients with the hydrogen ion concentration of the aqueous phase. For such a fundamental model apparatus as a diaphragm diffusion cell being operated batch wise, the effects of pK value of solutes, permeability of solutes through the membrane, volume ratio of liquids in two aqueous phases, and pH value of aqueous phase on enrichment factor and selectivity for the solute to be concentrated were discussed analytically. Separation and enrichment were demonstrated using aqueous mixed solutions of fumaric acid and L-malic acid. The results were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

EXTRACTIVE SEPARATION OF URANIUM AND ZIRCONIUM SULFATES BY AMINES

ABSTRACT

This paper describes an amine extraction process for zirconium and uranium separation. The behaviour of an extraction system containing uranium (VI) sulfate, zirconium (IV) sulfate, 0.2 and 0.5 M sulfuric acid (as the original aqueous phase), tertiary amine tri-n-lauryl- amine or primary amine Primene JMT in benzene (as the original organic phase) is discussed on the basis of equilibrium data.

The measured dependences show that the degree of extraction of zirconium at the sulfuric acid concentration of 0.5 M and above is only slightly affected by a presence of uranium in solution. From this surprising behaviour it follows that zirconium may be employed for the displacement of uranium from the organic phase. This effect is more pronounced with the primary amine Primene JMT than with TLA.     

热扩散塔分离甲烷和氢的实验研究

引言用甲烷直接合成C_2以上的碳氢化合物非常困难,例如,由甲烷脱氢合成乙烯,按热力学计算在1000K下甲烷的平衡转化率只有4.8％,所以至今甲烷仍主要用作燃料．为了充分利用这一化工基础原料,作者利用热扩散塔进行了甲烷的催化脱氢反应,使反应与分离同时进行,大幅度提高了甲烷的转化率．为考察热扩散的分离效果,本文用甲烷脱氢反应的主要成分甲烷和氢混合物为原料,在热扩散塔中分别进行了空塔和填料塔的热扩散分离实验,考察了一些操作参数对分离效果的影响,以期对反应操作条件提供必要的参考．l原理所谓热扩散现象,就是在温度场…     

聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜处理油脂废水

聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）超滤膜生物反应器结合A/O工艺对学校食堂的含油脂废水处理效果进行了试验研究.结果表明,该工艺对污染物有很好的去除效果,对COD、浊度、NH3-N、TP、油的平均去除率分别达到97%、99%、91.3%、89%、91.5%,出水稳定且效果好.     

曝气生物滤池在印染废水回用处理中的应用

采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺对经兼氧-好氧生化预处理后的印染废水进行中试规模的深度处理试验研究.结果表明,在进水COD约为100～250mg·L~(-1)、SS质量浓度约为80～120mg·L~(-1)、色度约为30～50倍的条件下,当BAF水力负荷为1.0m~3·m~(-2)·h~(-1),气水体积比4:1时,出水COD≤50 mg·L~(-1),ρ(SS)≤20 mg·L~(-1),色度≤20倍,出水水质可满足生产工艺对回用水的水质要求.     

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF L-LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION IN A RDC COUPLED WITH PRODUCT SEPARATION BY ION EXCHANGE

A Rotating Disk Contactor (RDC) was designed to perform the L-lactic acid fermentation with a filamentous fungus, Rhizopus oryzae, which was immobilized on the surface of rotating disks. The bioreactor was operated in repeated batch or continuous modes. The growth rate of the fungi was about 1 mm/day perpendicular to the disks' surface. A weak-base anionic resin, D354, was selected which was high in selectivity for lactic acid separation. Even at low concentration, the ion exchange capability was about 0.5 g Lac/g dry resin. A coupled process of L-lactic acid fermentation and ion-exchange separation was evaluated experimentally. The results indicated that the pH value of the fermentation broth could be maintained at pH 3.5 without any addition of alkali. The conversion ratio of glucose to L-lactic acid was about 0.7 g/g and the fermentation rate was able to reach as high as 62.5g glucose per hour per square meter of the disk surface area. A mathematical model was proposed to describe the simultaneous process of L-lactic acid fermentation and separation by ion exchange, in which the thickness increase of mycelia as well as the substrate and product inhibitions were included. The model simulation was in good agreement with the experimental data.     

MBR与CAS法处理市政污水的比较

比较了采用浸没式平片膜组件的膜生物反应器(MBR)与传统活性污泥工艺(CAS)处理市政污水时平均容积负荷率、平均污泥负荷率及各自出水BOD5/COD值;考察了MBR中水温及水力停留时间(HRT)对NH3-N去除效果的影响。MBR对有机物去除效果好于CAS,当MBR的HRT为3.2h,处理后出水COD去除率为93.07%,BOD5为99.08%,都好于CAS处理后的出水。水温由(8±4)℃升至(25±5)℃,MBR对NH3-N去除率由7.55%升至71.9%;提高MBR的HRT至6h,NH3-N去除率可达97.3%。     

A/O MBR(一体式)系统处理印染废水

设计一套A／O MBR（一体式）系统处理印染废水,通过四个阶段的连续运行,对其COD、色度、SS、浊度等指标进行监测,确定最佳运行条件为HRT=9～10h,DO=2～3g／L,在此条件下处理后可使印染废水的COD≤100mg／L,色度=2～16倍,浊度≈0,SS≈0,pH=7～8．5,结果表明A／OMBR（一体式）系统费用低、效果好,其中A／O系统可提高印染废水的可生化性,利于后续MBR的处理,最终使印染废水实现达标排放。     

高硫煤合理分选与减少重庆市二氧化硫排放的途径分析

通过对南桐矿务局多年来在高硫煤洗选加工,烟道气脱硫,燃烧固硫及高温固添加剂上所做工作的分析总结,提出“配煤＋筛分降硫＋洗选脱硫＋固硫添加剂掺配＋副产品选硫”等一条龙洁净煤技术的综合应用,是高硫动力煤合理分选,洁净利用的发展方向,与单纯烟道气脱硫,重庆市