助交联剂在聚醚混炼型聚氨酯中的应用研究

研究了过氧化物类助交联剂HVA-2、TMPTMA、SR517、SR522D和R153D对聚醚混炼型聚氨酯(MPU)硫化特性、交联密度、力学性能、耐热空气老化性、耐臭氧性、耐油性以及玻璃化转变温度等的影响。结果表明,选用助交联剂R153D且其用量为3.5份时,制备的MPU橡胶材料综合力学性能最佳。     

聚醚型聚氨酯性能的影响因素

采用不同种类的聚醚多元醇、二异氰酸酯和扩链剂为原料合成聚氨酯,讨论了聚醚多元醇的相对分子质量、二异氰酸酯的结构、软硬段比例、二异氰酸酯指数、扩链剂种类及用量对聚氨酯性能的影响。结果表明：采用高相对分子质量的聚醚,聚氨酯的定伸强度、拉伸强度和撕裂强度下降,断裂伸长率提高;聚氨酯的性能随硬段含量的增加而提高;异氰酸酯指数控制在1.01~1.03左右;扩链剂链长越短,聚氨酯的微相分离程度和力学性能越好;聚氨酯性能随1、4-丁二醇用量的增加而提高,达到一定用量时反而下降。     

聚醚型聚氨酯混炼胶性能研究

研究了炭黑补强剂和过氧化物（DCP,BIPB）对混炼型聚醚聚氨酯橡胶力学性能的影响,讨论了DCP和补强剂用量变化以及热空气老化对性能的影响。结果表明,DCP硫化胶拉断伸长率高,BIPB硫化胶永久变形低;当DCP用量为1.6份时,拉伸强度和撕裂强度最高,分别为25.3MPa和47.5kN/m;随补强剂用量的增加,混炼橡胶硬度增加,拉伸强度变化不明显,拉伸永久变形变大。     

高性能CHDI型聚醚聚氨酯弹性体

介绍了CHDI型PTMG聚氨酯的制备工艺和性能，并就其物理机械性能和其它二异氰酸酯聚氨酯作了比较。     

叠氮聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体材料研究

在叠氮聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体材料研究过程中,以叠氮聚醚为基体材料、TDI为固化剂,在配方中添加癸二酸二异辛酯作为增塑剂、1,4－丁二醇作为扩链剂、辛酸亚锡作为催化剂、白碳黑作为填料,对其配比做了适量的调整。对确定的材料配方进行了加速老化、扩大以及重现性试验。结果表明所研究的叠氮聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体材料性能优良、稳定,能够满足使用要求。     

聚醚型聚氨酯混炼胶生胶的研制

研制了一种新型的聚醚型聚氨酯生胶,该生胶经混炼,硫化后,不仅具有优异的耐水解性能,而且其温性能,磨耗性能,热空气老化性能等均优良,这种聚醚型聚酯生胶既可以用硫磺硫化,也可以用过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）硫化。     

木素—聚醚型聚氨酯的合成与性能

利用低污染的氧碱制方法制取的麦草氧碱木素合成了木素－聚醚型聚氨酯，对其热性能、力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，麦草氧碱木素可取代部分聚乙二醇与二苯甲基二异氰酸合成木素－聚醚型聚氨酯；异氰酸指数和木素含量对合成的木素－聚醚型聚氨酯性能有影响。     

受阻酚AO-80/聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的结构与性能

用熔融共混法制备了受阻酚AO-80/聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PET-TPU)阻尼材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析、差示扫描量热分析及动态力学热分析等研究了复合材料的微现结构、玻璃化转变温度、动态力学性能和力学性能.结果表明,AO-80与基质之间具有良好的相客性,且以分子水平溶解在基质中,处于无定型态.随着AO-80用量的增加,PET-TPU软段的玻璃化转变温度逐渐升高,硬段基本保持不变.AO-80/PET-TPU复合材料的损耗因子与温度曲线呈单峰形式,随着AO-80用量增加其峰值明显增大,并且转变峰向高温方向移动.AO-80的加入使PET-TPU基质的力学性能有所下降.     

Effects of crosslinking on thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethanes

The effects of chemical crosslinking on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of a polyurethane system were examined. The polyurethanes were prepared from poly(propylene glycol), a diol; trimethylolpropane propoxylate, a triol; and poly(propylene glycol), tolylene 2,4‐diisocyanate terminated, a diisocyanate monomer. The crosslink density was controlled by varying the triol concentration from 10 to 70 mol % and the isocyanate‐to‐hydroxyl (NCO/OH) ratio from 1.0 to 1.3. All the samples had one glass‐transition temperature and no crystalline regions. In addition, there were larger increases in glass‐transition temperature over the range of triol concentrations studied than over the range of NCO/OH ratios studied. For all samples, the Dibenedetto equation relating glass‐transition temperature to extent of crosslinking fit the data very well. Also, samples with higher crosslink densities had much larger elastic moduli for temperatures above the glass‐transition temperature. By assuming the system was a phantom network, approximate crosslink densities for stoichiometric samples were obtained from the dynamic mechanical data and these agreed fairly well with theoretical predictions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 212–223, 2002     

Study on shape-memory behavior of polyether-based polyurethanes. I. Influence of the hard-segment content

Shape-memory polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized by 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,4-butanediol (BD), and poly(tetramethyl oxide)glycol (PTMO). The morphology of PUs was studied using DSC, DMA, and TEM. The results indicated that the PUs would show different morphology by changing the mol ratio of MDI and BD (hard segment). The specimens would show the shape-memory behavior that was fixing and recovering the deformation at different operating temperature ranges. These results demonstrated that the shape-memory behavior of the PUs would be affected by the morphology and the modulus ratio that was defined as in DMA analysis. The amount of the hard-segment-rich phase would affect the ratio of recovery, that is, the low content would lead to the recovery of the deformed specimen being incomplete. The recovering rate would be influenced by the modulus ratio and the size of the dispersed phase in the micromorphology. On the other hand, the shape-memory behavior of PUs could be enhanced by the training process. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1563–1574, 1998     

阻尼橡胶

叙述了阻尼橡胶的发展概况及其性能，阻尼橡胶的主要性能指标为静态刚度，阻尼系数和动态模量，影响阻尼橡胶的最主要因素是橡胶的分子结构。在通用橡胶中，以丁基橡胶和丁腈橡胶的阻尼系数最大，填充体系是除生胶之处影响动态阻尼性能最为显著的因素，与其用量，粒径，活性和形状都有关，阻尼性能亦与硫化体系，增塑剂有关。阻尼橡胶的工艺条件对其性能也有影响，最后介绍了阻尼橡胶的改性方法，共混法，互穿网络法，填充法等。     

Damping properties of chlorinated polyethylene‐based hybrids: Effect of organic additives

In this article, the damping properties of organic hybrids consisting of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), N,N‐dicyclohexyl‐2‐benzothia‐zolylsufenamide (DZ), and 4,4′‐thio‐bis(3‐methyl‐6‐tert‐butylphenol) (BPSR) have been investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It is found that DZ and BPSR seem to have a synergistic effect on the damping improvement of CPE/DZ/BPSR hybrids. For CPE/DZ/BPSR three‐component hybrids, when BPSR content is below 20 wt %, the values of damping peak maximum are just the same, while the damping peak position shifts to a higher temperature at a higher BPSR concentration. When BPSR content is fixed at 10 wt %, the damping peak maximum increases with increasing DZ/CPE ratio, while there is little shift in the peak position within the ratio range of 0.75–1.25. The decrease in damping peak maximum against annealing can be attributed to the phase separation resulting from the crystallization of hybrids components. Such a crystalline phase, which has been formed during annealing, contains not only pure DZ crystallites but also some CPE–DZ or CPE–DZ–BPSR eutectic crystals. Furthermore, the damping stability of the hybrids can be improved excellently by adding a small amount of BPSR or changing hot‐pressing temperature. These may imply that a series of high‐performance damping materials possessing both high damping peak maximum and controllable damping peak position can be achieved. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3307–3311, 2006     

环氧树脂/环氧丙烯酸酯混杂光固化材料的结构与性能

以预聚物双酚A环氧树脂（E-44）和双酚A环氧丙烯酸酯（EA）为主要原料加入一定的单体和引发剂配制成混杂光固化树脂。运用FTIR、DMA、TG及TEM等手段,表征了混杂光固化材料的结构,讨论了环氧树脂含量对材料固化程度和结构变化的影响。结果表明,混杂光固化材料具有2个玻璃化转变温度,具有良好的阻尼性能及热温度性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

聚酯型聚氨酯阻尼材料的改性研究

采用接枝、嵌段及交联的方法对聚酯型聚氨酯(PU)阻尼材料进行改性并对其阻尼性能和力学性能进行研究.结果表明,PU材料的阻尼性能随接枝率增加而明显提高;当接枝率10%时,tanδmax为0.84,tanδ>0.3的阻尼温域为0.8～61.6℃,拉伸强度19.6 MPa,撕裂强度为27.0 kN/m,伸长率500%,是综合...     

Properties of crosslinked polyurethanes synthesized from 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyester polyol

Polyurethanes were synthesized using the high functional 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polyester polyol, and 1,4‐butane diol. The synthesized polyurethanes were analyzed using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and swelling measurement using N,N′‐dimethylformamide. From the result of thermal analysis by DSC and DMTA, single T_gs were observed in the polyurethane samples at all the formulated compositions. From this result, it is suggested that the polyurethanes synthesized in this study have crosslinked structure rather than the phase‐separated segmented structure because of the high functionality (f = 2.9) of the MDI. By annealing the polyurethane samples using DSC, the T_gs were increased by 4.7∼16.0°C at the various annealing temperatures. From the results of FTIR and swelling measurement of polyurethanes, it is suggested that the increase of T_g of the polyurethanes by annealing is not due to increase of the hydrogen bond strength but mainly due to the increase of the crosslink density. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 624–630, 2000     

聚氨酯弹性材料阻尼性能的研究

利用粘弹性阻尼结构研究了聚氨酯阻尼材料在0～1000Hz范围内的阻尼性能。制备了不同填料含量的聚氨酯阻尼材料,并用它们构成两种粘弹性阻尼结构,分别测试了两种结构的加速度导纳曲线。测定了不同温度下结构上对应点的加速度导纳,研究结果表明,填料云母含量的增加有利于提高材料的阻尼减振性能,随着温度的升高,材料的阻尼减振性能呈下降趋势。