沼气发展障碍及建立沼气物业服务体系的可行性

通过对河北省沼气发展历史的分析，发现制约沼气可持续发展的因素是后期服务问题。采用能源消费模式分解法对沼气满足农户的能源需求和增收需求进行分析，得出建立物业服务体系有利于河北省沼气事业的发展和农村生态家园建设的结论。     

我国沼气发展的区域差异及影响因素分析

文章根据收集的2013年全国各省、直辖市沼气发展相关数据,深入分析了我国沼气发展的区域特点,并针对我国沼气的健康发展提出相应建议。研究表明:各地区农村经济发展水平、农村劳动力转移情况以及地区发展沼气适宜性是导致我国农村沼气发展存在区域差异的重要因素;不同地区经济发展水平不同是导致小型沼气工程发展规模存在区域差异的重要因素;服务体系较发达地区与欠发达地区正常运作的沼气工程比例无明显差异,说明我国沼气服务体系不完善,未能发挥应有作用。根据研究结果,提出了通过向经济不发达但适宜发展沼气的地区提供资金和技术支持,培养专业人才队伍,完善服务体系,促进我国沼气事业健康发展的政策建议。     

基于随机森林模型的农村能源消费影响因素分析——以江苏徐州为例

本研究以江苏省徐州市棠张村为例,旨在分析经济发达地区农村家庭能源使用模式、相关影响因素及影响程度,并对农村地区沼气发展进行浅析。本论文依据实际调研结果,采用随机森林模型分析影响农村家庭能源消费和影响因素的梯队。结果表明,在调查的农村地区,“电力+沼气”是主要的家庭能源使用模式,但仍有6%左右村民使用煤、液化石油气、柴等能源。家庭人员对清洁能源的认知及家庭中常住老年人的数量对农村家庭能源使用模式影响最大,相反,家庭总年收入对家庭能源选择有一定影响,但并不起决定作用。故农村地区清洁能源的推广,应加强农村常住老年人对清洁能源的认识。     

阜康市户用沼气建设现状及问题分析

通过对新疆阜康市实地调研,分析了阜康市户用沼气建设的现状,并对典型农户的"五位一体"生态模式进行了效益分析.针对存在问题进行探讨,为更好地促进农村沼气建设可持续发展提出了解决办法和改进措施.     

农村沼气发展前景技术经济分析

沼气是一个既受本身技术发展也受各种社会因素影响的综合性事业.搞好农村沼气技术经济发展前景分析,对于进一步促进我国农村沼气事业的发展具有积极重要的意义.1 农村沼气发展现状我国农村沼气通过10多年来的努力,沼气建设已逐步进入健康发展的轨道,取得了可喜的成绩.其主要体现在:(1)农村沼气地数量有了进展、质量不断提高.1993年,户用沼气池保有量达到525万个,连续3年正增长,净增超过20万户;建大中型沼气工程633处,集中供应沼气户数达8.4万户.     

农村沼气后续服务管理模式的探讨

农村沼气建设,是发展现代农业的有效途径,实现农村节能减排的有效措施.沼气后续服务体系建设是实现农村沼气快速、健康发展的重要保障.通过分析目前农村沼气服务体系建设中存在问题,总结近年来农村沼气服务体系建设的经验,提出设立沼气维修基金和构建“协会+网点+农户”运行模式,加强制度监督等,破解当前沼气服务体系运行过程中各种矛盾,从而实现沼气建设由“重建设轻管理”向“建管并重”、“以用促建”的良性发展和促进沼气后续服务体系的规范化、专业化、物业化和市场化.     

农村沼气社会化服务供给-需求情况调查报告——以震灾重建区什邡市马井镇物管站为例

以四川什邡市的农村为案例,采用案例分析及描述统计的研究方法,探讨了农村沼气社会化服务体系对农户沼气利用状况的影响;通过对供求现状的分析认为,按照市场化运作的农村能源办公室存在生存的问题,而农户的需求不足是该问题的主要原因;并结合实际,为该地沼气持续有效地利用提出相关建议。     

农村户用沼气脱硫效果现状及分析

在四川、广西、云南、福建、海南、江西、湖南、湖北8个省市自治区的265户农村户用沼气池脱硫效果调研的基础上,分析了沼气使用情况、沼气脱硫剂使用情况及脱硫效果,讨论了影响广大农户再生或更换脱硫剂的主要因素。调研结果表明:大部分脱硫剂已经没有脱硫能力,脱硫器成了摆设;对沼气脱硫必要性认识不足以及脱硫剂再生或更换操作繁琐是阻碍广大沼气用户主动更换脱硫剂的主要原因。     

沼气推广不可松懈

沼气是有机物质发酵后产生的可以燃烧的气体。它的主要成分是甲烷。人工制取就是利用人工建造的沼气池,将农作物的秸秆、杂草、树叶和人畜粪便投入池内进行发酵而产生沼气的过程。沼气可用来烧水煮饭,点灯照明。还可以发电。前些年在我国广大农村普遍推广沼气生产和应用。特别是南方农村,在沼气的生产和应用方面取得     

中部地区生态果园的沼气系统

针对中部地区生态果园内的沼气系统，即沼气、太阳能日光温室、微型沼气地炕及猪舍等关键技术进行了试验研究，并从技术经济方面分析评价了以沼气为纽带的中部地区生态果园模式的可行性，结果表明本文研究开发的沼气、太阳能日光温室、微型地炕及猪舍等关键技术能将微生物(沼气)、动物(猪)、植物(苹果树)紧密地结合起来，果品生产过程中淘汰了化肥和农药，可以生产出质量较高的生态型无公害果品，形成生态农业良性循环体系，经济效益、环境效益和社会效益明显，对合理调整农业产业结构和发展农村经济有重要的参考价值。     

Insights into the production potential and trends of China's rural biogas

China, one of the countries in the world abundant in agricultural wastes, has a great potential for rural biogas production. As a strategy for building a new socialist countryside and sustainable agriculture in rural China, the development of biogas is an important means to convert agricultural wastes to clean and safe energy, thereby reducing the need for fossil fuel and alleviating environmental pollution. This study presents an assessment of the biogas production potential, its current development state, and perspectives of agricultural wastes in rural China. Estimated data show that annual biogas potential from agricultural wastes is approximately (3350.58 ± 669.28) × 10⁸ m³ (equal to 239.22 ± 47.78 million tons of equivalent standard coal); such potential has been underutilized in the past. By analyzing and summarizing the direction for future development and various benefits of rural biogas in China, we present burning questions and countermeasures for biogas development and recommend that the future development of rural biogas in China should focus on both household‐scale and large‐scale development, giving priority to the establishment of large‐scale biogas engineering and biogas plants, improvement of biogas comprehensive utilization level, and construction of a reticular model of systemized green agricultural engineering linked with biogas to solve completely the problem of agricultural waste accumulation and improve the living conditions in rural China. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

太阳能辅助加热户用沼气池系统设计

沼气开发利用是发展可再生能源的重要选择,户用沼气是我国农村能源的重要组成部分.文中介绍了沼气的产生原理及发展现状,针对北方寒冷地区冬季气温低,沼气产气少利用率低问题,在调研常规保温增温方法的基础上提出了家用太阳能热水器辅助加热户用沼气池系统,并对系统经济性进行了分析.     

Effect of temperature and retention period on biogas production from lignocellulosic material

The extensive utilization of biogas for energy needs of rural dwellers would reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and fuelwoods and henoe camplement Government afforestation programes. In this investigation, effect of temperature and retention period on biogas production from lignooellulosic material, hereafter referred to as cow dung were studied. Maximum gas production was dotained at thermophilic temperature. The results of the effect of retention period shows that gas production was qotimum at 4th and 7th weeks of production.     

Household biogas use in rural China: A study of opportunities and constraints

As a renewable energy, biogas is not only an important part of the development of rural new energy, but also an important aspect of sustainable development in China. The development process and present status of household biogas, specifically the opportunities and constraints of household biogas in rural China, are discussed in this paper. Only about 19% of the biogas potential has been utilized in rural China. There are several opportunities for household biogas development in rural China, including the problem of rural household energy consumption, the availability of biogas fermentation materials, national financial subsidies, legal and international clean development mechanisms. Also, more research needs to be done in straw fermentation and cold fermentation technology. Training should be conducted to raise the level of biogas customers in comprehensive biogas utilization. Measures should be taken to improve the follow-up services and management of biogas plants. The information presented in this paper will be helpful not only to the sustainable development of household biogas in rural China, but also to the development of biogas in similar countries around the world.     

Energy and environmental balance of biogas for dual-fuel mobile applications

Considerable research is currently being devoted to seeking alternative fuels to comply with transportation needs while reducing the environmental impact of this sector. Within the transport activity sector, on road vehicles and agricultural machinery require around 2 Mtoe energy in France. The anaerobic digestion of farm waste could roughly cover these needs. This paper aims to study the environmental and energy interest of this short power supply path. An ideal biogas production system has been built up from the average characteristics of current rural biogas plants in France. Pollutant emissions, energy demands and production are assessed for various scenarios in order to produce methane for dual fuel engines. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental impact of dual fuel agricultural machines, compared to diesel engines. The energy balance is always in disfavour of biogas fuel, whereas LCA energy indicators indicate a benefit for biogas production. This gap is related to the way in which the input of biomass energy is handled: in conventional biofuel LCA, this energy is not taken into account. A carbon balance is then presented to discuss the impact of biogas on climate change. Dual fuel engines were found to be interesting for their small impact. We also show, however, how the biogenic carbon assumption and the choice of allocation for the avoided methane emissions of anaerobic digestion are crucial in quantifying CO₂ savings. Other environmental issues of biogas fuel were examined. Results indicate that are management and green electricity are the key points for a sustainable biogas fuel. It is concluded that biofuel environmental damage is reduced if energy needs during biofuel production are covered by the production process itself. As agricultural equipment is used during the biofuel production process, this implies that a high substitution rate should be used for this equipment.     

我国农村沼气CDM项目开发的潜力分析

清洁发展机制能为我国的可持续发展带来新的契机。本文对农村大中型沼气工程和户用沼气池的减排温室气体的潜力作了定量的分析,认为农村沼气工程适合开发成CDM项目。CDM能给农村沼气工程带来发展的机遇,提供更宽的融资渠道和技术支持。最后对当前农村沼气CDM项目开发中存在的一些障碍进行了分析。     

福建省农村有机废弃物及沼气潜力评估

根据2003年福建省统计年鉴统计数据,计算了福建省农村有机废弃物以及其沼气潜力。目前,我省每年可有各种畜禽粪便100.31×106t(TS=20%),可产沼气96.8亿m3;农作物秸秆10.35×106t,60%可以用来产沼气,可产沼气12亿m3。按我省120万户农户计算,户均可拥有沼气量为9080m3,可完全解决农村生活用能。     

户用沼气池对农村家庭能源消费的影响--以江苏省涟水县为例

户用沼气池建设不但改变了农村家庭能源消费结构，还带动了农村养殖业、种植业的发展。通过对江苏省涟水县农村家庭能源消费和沼气池使用等相关问题的入户调查，定量研究了户用沼气池建设所产生的影响。证明户用沼气池的使用能提高家庭能源利用效率，减少能源消费量和化肥的使用量，有利于农作物秸秆的还田，提高农户的生活质量。     

Household biogas development in rural China: On policy support and other macro sustainable conditions

As a fuel, rural biogas is a promising renewable energy source. Policy support is a key initial impetus for industry development. This study explores household biogas development in rural China based on policy support found in literature. Relevant policies, which mainly include directive and guiding policies, economic inspiring policies, research policies, market policies, and other constructive policies, are gradually issued. Moreover, the National People's Congress has enacted five relevant laws, including the Agricultural Law, Renewable Energy Law, Animal Husbandry Law, Energy Conservation Law, and the Act on the Development of Circular Economy. The Energy Law is currently under revision. Relational rules and regulations have also been formed in response to the national policies and laws, which have already produced significant effects. The development of rural household biogas in China is growing steadily, and the technology standard projects have been established. The number of household biogas digesters and biogas annual output in 2010 was double of that in 2005. The offered financial incentive increased from 47 million dollars in 2002 to 760 million dollars in 2011. Policy supports play an important role in rural biogas development. And thus, additional national policy supports are necessary in the fields of scientific research, technological development, and biogas use model.     

A review of the biogas industry in China

This article presents an overview of the development and future perspectives of the Chinese biogas industry. The development of the industry has the potential to improve the rural environment and produce significant amounts of sustainable energy for China. Barriers to the development are the relatively weak environmental policies, imperfect financial policies and lack of long-term follow-up services. The rapid economic development of China has also seen a development in the scales of biogas plants constructed. Although the technology has been improved, this review has identified problems in the construction and operation of Chinese biogas plants, particularly in the efficiency of household systems. All levels of China's government acknowledge this and recent biogas projects have more focus on quality and less on the quantity. The intention is to gradually introduce stricter environmental policies, to provide better service systems, improve the financial policies that support the construction and follow-up service of biogas projects, promote the use of standardized engineering equipment and materials and standards for plant construction and production. This will promote the development of biogas projects at various scales further, and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and emissions of greenhouse gases.