Quantum Communication and Information Processing with Quantum Dots

This paper reviews the single photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots and their applications to quantum information systems. By optically pumping a system consisting of a semiconductor single quantum dot confined in a monolithic microcavity, it is possible to produce a single photon pulse stream at the Fourier transform limit with a negligible jitter. This single photon source is not only useful for BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD), but also find applications in other quantum information systems such as Ekert91/BBM92 QKD and quantum teleportation gate linear optical quantum computers.     

Some Issues in Quantum Information Theory

Quantum information theory is a new interdisciplinary research field related to quantum mechanics, computer science, information theory, and applied mathematics. It provides completely new paradigms to do information processing tasks by employing the principles of quantum mechanics. In this review, we first survey some of the significant advances in quantum information theory in the last twenty years. We then focus mainly on two special subjects： discrimination of quantum objects and transformations between entanglements. More specifically, we first discuss discrimination of quantum states and quantum apparatus in both global and local settings. Secondly, we present systematical characterizations and equivalence relations of several interesting entanglement transformation phenomena, namely entanglement catalysis, multiple-copy entanglement transformation, and partial entanglement recovery.     

量子计算与量子计算机

量子计算的强大运算能力使得量子计算机具有广阔的应用前景。该文简要介绍了量子计算的发展现状和基本原理,列举了典型的量子算法,阐明了量子计算机的优越性,最后预测了量子计算及量子计算机的应用方向。     

Quantum Computation with Abelian Anyons

A universal quantum computer can be constructed using abelian anyons. Two qubit quantum logic gates such as controlled-NOT operations are performed using topological effects. Single-anyon operations such as hopping from site to site on a lattice suffice to perform all quantum logic operations. Anyonic quantum computation might be realized using quasiparticles of the fractional quantum Hall effect. PACS: 03.65-Lx     

量子搜索及量子智能优化研究进展

为了提高智能优化算法的收敛速度及优化性能,目前国内外将量子计算机制和传统智能优化相融合,研究和提出了多种量子进化算法及量子群智能优化算法;为了进一步推动该领域的研究进展,系统地介绍了国内外提出的多种量子搜索及量子智能优化算法,其中包括量子搜索、量子衍生进化、量子神经网络三个方面内容;总结出目前改进量子搜索算法的主要机制和量子计算与传统智能计算的主要融合方式,并展望了量子搜索和量子智能优化有待进一步研究和需要解决的问题。     

量子模拟器优化综述

近年来, 不断发展的量子计算已成为众人关注的焦点. 然而, 量子硬件存在稀缺性和噪声等问题, 这使得研究量子算法、验证量子芯片等行为都依赖运行在经典计算机上的量子模拟器. 本文讨论了不同量子模拟器使用的主要模拟方法, 并讨论了主流的全振幅状态向量模拟器和基于张量网络的量子模拟器的各种优化. 最后, 我们总结了量子模拟器的现状和未来发展方向.     

量子程序验证

量子硬件设计与制造技术的飞速发展使得人们开始预言大于一百个量子比特的特定用途的量子计算机有望在5-10年内实现.可以想见,到那时候,量子软件的开发将变成真正发挥这些计算机能力的关键.然而,由于量子信息的不可克隆性和纠缠的非局域作用等量子特征,如何设计正确高效的量子程序和量子通信协议将是一个富有挑战性的课题.形式化验证方法,特别是模型检测技术,已经在经典软件设计和系统建模方面被证明行之有效,因此量子软件的形式化验证也开始受到越来越多的关注.本文从量子顺序程序验证和量子通信协议验证两方面,对近年来国内外学者,特别是两位作者所在的研究组在该研究领域取得的一些成果进行了系统的总结.最后,对未来可能的研究方向和面临的挑战进行了简单展望.     

量子计算模拟及优化方法综述

在处理某些大规模并行问题时,量子计算因量子位独特的叠加态和纠缠态特性,相比经典计算机在并行处理方面具有更明显的优势。现阶段,物理量子比特计算机受限于可扩展性、相干时间和量子门操作精度,在经典计算机上开展量子计算模拟成为研究量子优越性和量子算法的有效途径。然而,随着量子比特数的增加,模拟所需的计算机资源呈指数增长。因此,研究大规模量子计算模拟在保证计算准确度、精度及效率的情况下减少模拟所需资源具有重要意义。从量子比特、量子门、量子线路、量子操作系统等方面展开,阐述量子计算的基本原理和背景知识。同时总结基于经典计算机的量子计算模拟基本方法,分析不同方法的设计思路和优缺点,列举目前常见的量子计算模拟器。在此基础上,针对量子计算模拟的通信开销问题,从节点拆分和通信优化2个方面出发,讨论基于超级计算机集群的量子计算模拟优化方法。     

一种改进的量子搜索算法

Rrover提出的对无序数据库进行搜索的量子算法，可以将搜索时间复杂度从经典计算机上的O（N）降低为O（N的平方根）。该算法显示了量子计算的强大能力，在量子计算研究中具有重要地位。但是，我们在研究Grover算法中发现Grover算法存在搜索失效等问题。本文分析了Grover算法中存在的问题，针对其不足之处进行了改进，并证明了改进后量子搜索算法的有效性。     

量子密码学的研究进展

量子密码术是一种新的重要加密方法，它利用单光子的量子性质，借助量子密钥分配协议可实现数据传输的可证性安全．量子密码具有无条件安全的特性(即不存在受拥有足够时间和计算机能力的窃听者攻击的危险)，而在实际通信发生之前，不需要交换私钥．本文综述了量子密码学的研究进展，其中包括了量子密码学的物理基础、量子密钥分配、保密增强、量子密钥的实用性以及目前技术限制所存在的缺陷．     

Visualization of the Quantum Fourier Transform Using a Quantum Computer Simulator

The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a key subroutine of quantum algorithms for factoring and simulation and is the heart of the hidden-subgroup problem, the solution of which is expected to lead to the development of new quantum algorithms. The QFT acts on the Hilbert space and alters the quantum mechanical phases and probability amplitudes. Unlike its classical counterpart its schematic representation and visualization are very dif.cult. The aim of this work is to develop a schematic representation and visualization of the QFT by running it on a quantum computer simulator which has been constructed in the framework of this research. Base states, superpositions of base states and entangled states are transformed and the corresponding schematic representations are presented. The visualization of the QFT presented here and the quantum computer simulator developed for this purpose may become a useful tool for introducing the QFT to students and researches without a strong background in quantum mechanics or Fourier analysis. PACS: 03.67.-a, 03.67.Lx     

量子芯片测评技术综述

在研制量子芯片时对其性能进行测评,以校准量子算法实际执行结果与理论结果的拟合程度是量子计算优于经典计算的重要一步.然而,目前国内外对量子芯片性能测评方面并没有统一的基准测试,对于量子芯片局部指标的测评标准容易导致人们对芯片整体性能的误解.鉴于此,本文首先简述现有的量子芯片性能指标,其次通过对测评方法进行分类,概述现今量子芯片测评方法,最后总结量子芯片测评技术的现存问题并对未来的测评技术进行展望.本综述可为从事相关工作的人员进行查阅提供便利.     

Quantum Coin Method for Numerical Integration

Light transport simulation in rendering is formulated as a numerical integration problem in each pixel, which is commonly estimated by Monte Carlo integration. Monte Carlo integration approximates an integral of a black-box function by taking the average of many evaluations (i.e. samples) of the function (integrand). For N queries of the integrand, Monte Carlo integration achieves the estimation error of . Recently, Johnston [Joh16] introduced quantum super-sampling (QSS) into rendering as a numerical integration method that can run on quantum computers. QSS breaks the fundamental limitation of the convergence rate of Monte Carlo integration and achieves the faster convergence rate of approximately which is the best possible bound of any quantum algorithms we know today [NW99]. We introduce yet another quantum numerical integration algorithm, quantum coin (QCoin) [AW99], and provide numerical experiments that are unprecedented in the fields of both quantum computing and rendering. We show that QCoin's convergence rate is equivalent to QSS's. We additionally show that QCoin is fundamentally more robust under the presence of noise in actual quantum computers due to its simpler quantum circuit and the use of fewer qubits. Considering various aspects of quantum computers, we discuss how QCoin can be a more practical alternative to QSS if we were to run light transport simulation in quantum computers in the future.     

Quantum Malware

When quantum communication networks proliferate they will likely be subject to a new type of attack by hackers, virus makers, and other malicious intruders. Here we introduce the concept of “quantum malware” to describe such human-made intrusions. We offer a simple solution for storage of quantum information in a manner, which protects quantum networks from quantum malware. This solution involves swapping the quantum information at random times between the network and isolated, distributed ancillas. It applies to arbitrary attack types, provided the protective operations are themselves not compromised.     

量子机器学习综述

近年来, 机器学习一直是被关注和探讨的研究热点, 被应用到各领域并在其中起着重要作用. 但随着数据量的不断增加, 机器学习算法训练时间越来越长. 与此同时, 量子计算机表现出强大的运算能力. 因此, 有研究人员尝试用量子计算的方法解决机器学习训练时间长的问题, 量子机器学习这一领域应运而生. 量子主成分分析、量子支持向量机、量子深度学习等量子机器学习算法相继被提出, 并有实验证明了量子机器学习算法有显著的加速效果, 使得量子机器学习的研究展现出逐步走高的趋势. 对量子机器学习算法进行综述. 首先介绍量子计算基础; 然后对量子监督学习、量子无监督学习、量子半监督学习、量子强化学习以及量子深度学习5类量子机器学习算法进行介绍; 接着对量子机器学习的相关应用进行介绍并给出了算法实验; 最后进行总结和展望.     

量子计算与量子计算机展望

量子计算和量子计算机的研究是当代信息科学所面临的一个重大科学课题。阐述了量子计算、量子逻辑门的基本概念和Shor算法,指出了当前实现大规模量子计算所遇到的困难和可能的解决办法。     

多级量子无线网络传输

由于大气中充满噪声与干扰,在自由空间中进行远距离的量子通信成为一个难题。基于量子态纠缠交换的原理,通过两个中继点间接地在通信两端建立起量子信道,使得远距离量子信息的传输成为可能;通过研究源端及各中继点在不同情况下的量子态及接收端相应的量子态,进而对接收端所拥有的量子态施加不同逻辑门进行相应的逻辑变换,最终成功得到了源端所发出的信息;对具有N个中继点的系统进行了研究,解决了远距离的量子信息传输问题。     

量子线性卷积及其在图像处理中的应用

线性卷积在图像处理中发挥着重要作用, 但是在处理海量高分辨率图像时, 求解线性卷积会消耗许多计算资源. 为此, 本文就量子线性卷积及其在图像处理问题中的应用开展相关研究, 首先提出单通道, 单位步长, 零补充情况下的量子一维和二维线性卷积, 然后实现多通道, 非单位步长, 非零补充的情况, 最后将量子二维线性卷积应用于量子图像平滑, 量子图像锐化和量子图像边缘检测. 通过理论分析证明了量子线性卷积的空间复杂度${\rm{O}}(\mathrm{log}M)$和时间复杂度${\rm{O}}({\mathrm{log}}^{2}M)$较经典线性卷积有指数级下降, 且基于Qiskit的仿真实验成功验证了量子线性卷积和量子图像处理算法的正确性和可行性.