低含量钴对镍合金镀层结构和性能的影响

研究了低含量的钴对镍合金镀层结构和性能的影响,通过扫描电镜观察了镀层形貌、X射线衍射仪测量了镀层内应力,并用电化学极化曲线和腐蚀失重方法分析了镀层的耐蚀性.结果显示:镀液中硫酸钴的含量为0～4 g/L内时,随着钴盐的加入,镍合金镀层结晶细化、结构紧密、耐蚀性和硬度提高,内应力缓慢增长;硫酸钴含量超过5 g/L后,镍合金镀层结晶不再继续细化,但拉伸内应力明显变大,耐蚀性开始降低.     

镍钴合金电沉积中硫酸钴影响的探讨

电沉积镍层硬度低,耐磨性差,在瓦特型镀镍液中加入硫酸钴可以提高镀层的抗热性能、耐蚀性能和韧性.采用硫酸盐电解液电沉积镍钴合金,研究了电解液中硫酸钴浓度与镀液分散能力、深镀能力的关系及其对镀层显微硬度、孔隙率和内应力的影响.同时,利用扫描电子显微镜分析了沉积层的表面形貌.结果表明:随着镀液中硫酸钴浓度的增大,镀液的分散能力下降,深镀能力升高;镀层显微硬度显著提高,内应力和孔隙率也有所增加.镍钴合金沉积层比纯镍镀层更细致、结晶均匀.     

二元配合物中电镀锌镍合金的结构与抗腐蚀性

为深入了解碱性锌酸盐体系的工艺参数对锌镍合金镀层结构和耐蚀性的影响,在以四乙烯五胺(TEPA)为镍离子主络合剂、三乙醇胺(TEA)为辅助络合剂的碱性镀液中电沉积制备了锌镍合金镀层,利用电子能谱、X射线衍射、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等方法表征镀层的组成结构和在氯化钠溶液中的耐腐蚀性.结果表明:镀层含镍原子数分数11.54%~20.12%,为γ-Ni2Zn11+纯Zn两相结构(低含镍原子数分数时)或单一γ相结构(较高含镍原子数分数时),γ相晶粒在(600)方向上具有不同程度的择优取向性;随着镀液中镍原子数分数的提高,镀层的腐蚀电位正移,阻抗增加,耐蚀性提高;当电流密度为2 A/dm2时,镀层的腐蚀电位和电荷传递电阻最高,耐蚀性最好.     

Fei氏方波对Ni-P合金镀层组成及其非晶化程度的调控作用

为解决常规电沉积过程中无法获得耐蚀性优异的非晶态结构Ni-P合金镀层的问题,以快速镀Ni-P合金镀液为基础镀液,采用Fei氏方波电沉积法研究波形参数对Ni-P合金镀层非晶化过程的影响规律。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征Ni-P合金镀层的微观形貌,通过能谱分析(EDS)方法进行镀层P含量分析,用X射线衍射技术(XRD)考察镀层相结构的变化。优化的脉冲工艺参数为:平均电流密度15 A/dm~2,逆向脉冲系数0.3,占空比0.6,频率1 Hz。研究表明:通过调整Fei氏方波参数,可电沉积出镀层表面完整、外观光亮、P含量最高可达17.93%(质量分数)、几乎没有金属晶体衍射峰的非晶态Ni-P合金镀层。     

Co-P-碳纳米管化学复合镀层的性能及结构研究

采用化学镀的方法,将碳纳米管(CNT)作为第二相加入化学镀钴、磷镀液中,制得以Co-P-CNT为主的复合镀层.其中钴含量达41.4%,CNT含量达21.1%.采用显微硬度分析,磨损试验等方法对不同粒度的碳纳米管镀层进行了摩擦学性能和耐腐蚀性能等方面的对比;并运用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对镀层的晶相结构进行了分析.结果表明,CNT的加入使复合镀层显微硬度下降,但耐腐蚀性和耐磨性提高;镀层内单质钴的钴峰产生了晶格畸变,晶格常数变小.     

无配位剂酸性镀液中Ni-W合金电镀层的性能

柠檬酸镀液体系电沉积Ni-W合金层,作为配位剂的柠檬酸根离子易在阳极发生氧化,造成镀液不稳定,进而影响镀层的质量。为此,采用无配位剂酸性体系,通过脉冲和直流方法制备了Ni-W合金镀层。采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了Ni-W合金镀层的成分、结构、形貌,用线性扫描曲线法研究了其耐蚀性能。结果表明:脉冲电沉积Ni-W合金层具有面心立方结构,镀层表面的平整性、硬度和耐蚀性能都得到了提高,且优于直流电沉积Ni-W合金层。     

工艺条件对化学镀Ni-Co-P合金的影响

采用硼酸为缓冲剂 ,柠檬酸钠为络合剂化学镀Ni Co P合金。考察了镀液pH值、钴离子浓度和温度对化学镀Ni Co P沉积速度的影响 ;研究了钴离子浓度对镀层组成的影响 ,获得了化学镀Ni Co P合金的最佳工艺条件为 :镀液pH值为 7.0 ,操作温度 90℃ ,CoSO4 ·7H2 O浓度为 11g/L。此工艺下镀液稳定性好 ,镀层沉积速度快 ;所得镀层为非晶结构。     

化学镀Ni-Co-P合金的晶化行为研究

为了改善镀液性能,扩大Ni-Co-P合金的应用范围,以硼酸为缓冲剂,柠檬酸钠为配位体化学镀Ni-Co-P合金,用扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术研究了Ni-Co-P合金镀层表面的微观形貌和晶化行为.结果表明,Ni-Co-P合金镀层在镀态时呈多晶态结构,有立方Ni-Co合金相和非晶相(以非晶相为主),镀层于339.4℃时转化为Ni3P相,其晶化行为与氨性缓冲介质中得到的Ni-Co-P合金有明显差异.Ni-Co-P合金在镀态时其表面有许多直径为1.9～4.8μm的圆形小颗粒;500℃处理后的镀层表面有一些直径为6～7μm的圆形大颗粒,表面呈胞状结构,每一胞状物由许多50～100nm的颗粒形成.本研究为Ni-Co-P合金应用提供了参考.     

Co-Fe还原机理及其晶体结构对吸波性能影响的研究

采用化学镀工艺,在空心陶瓷微球表面复合钴-铁合金.首先,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线能谱仪( EDS)分别对化学镀前后的空心陶瓷微球进行表征;其次,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征镀钴-铁空心陶瓷微球的结晶状态;最后,用网络矢量分析仪和振动样品磁强计(VSM)分别测试镀钻-铁空心陶瓷微球的电磁损耗和磁性能,并通过计算分析微球的微波吸收性能.结果表明:经过化学镀,空心陶瓷微球表面沉积了均匀、致密的钴-铁合金.镀钴-铁空心微球(2.5g/cm3)在2～18GHz的频率范围内有良好的吸波性能,并且强于单种金属镀层的空心陶瓷微球,具有宽频的吸收特性.另外,热处理还能改善镀层钴-铁合金的软磁性能.     

多壁碳纳米管表面的钴-铁化学镀(英文)

采用化学镀法在多壁碳纳米管表面沉积钴-铁涂层。主要研究了镀液中钴盐和铁盐的摩尔比、络合剂浓度和镀液温度对镀层的影响。在钴-铁的摩尔比为9∶1,络合剂浓度为0.32mol/L,镀液温度为60℃时,可得到的较为平整的镀层,且镀层中钴-铁摩尔之和达90%以上。其他条件下,则会在镀层中出现金属颗粒或钴-铁含量过少的情况。     

Electrodeposition and mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of Ni-W/SiC nanocomposite coatings

Ni-W/SiC nanocomposite coatings with various contents of SiC nano-particulates were prepared by electrodeposition in Ni-W plating bath containing SiC particulates. The influences of the SiC nano-particulates concentration, current density and stirring rate of the plating bath on the composition of the nanocomposite coatings were investigated. The surface morphologies of the Ni-W alloy and Ni-W/SiC nanocomposite coating were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The morphology of Ni-W/SiC nanocomposite coating is smoother than that of Ni-W alloy coating. The microhardness of composite coatings increases with the increasing content of the SiC nano-particulates in the coatings. The corrosion behavior of Ni-W alloy and Ni-W/SiC nanocomposite coatings was evaluated by the anodic polarization curves in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution at room temperature. It shows that Ni-W/SiC nanocomposite coating has better corrosion resistance than the Ni-W alloy coating.     

双向脉冲快速电沉积非晶态Ni-P/Al_2O_3复合镀层

采用双向脉冲电沉积法制备出高P非晶态Ni-P/Al_2O_3复合镀层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)方法考察镀层的微观形貌和化学组成,采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)表征镀层的相结构,并通过分析金属镀层和复合镀层的电化学测试结果,评价不同种类镀层的耐腐蚀能力。结果表明:与直流电沉积法相比,双向脉冲电沉积法可将镀层中的P含量提高至12.06%(质量分数),有利于非晶态Ni-P合金镀层的形成。采用双向脉冲法制备的Ni-P/Al_2O_3复合镀层比直流电沉积法制备的Ni-P/Al_2O_3复合镀层更平整、结晶更致密。脉冲电沉积法制备的非晶态Ni-P合金镀层具有更好的耐蚀性,而且复合微粒Al_2O_3的加入,对进一步提高非晶态Ni-P合金镀层的耐蚀性有积极作用。     

不对称交流-直流电镀Fe-纳米ZrO2复合镀层工艺的研究

为提高镀铁层的硬度及耐磨性能,采用氯化物低温镀铁工艺,选择纳米ZrO2作为第二相粒子,以不对称交流-直流电源电镀法制备了Fe-纳米ZrO2复合镀层.研究了不对称交流-直流镀铁工艺对镀层的影响,考察了工艺参数对镀层中ZrO2复合量的影响以及表面活性剂对镀层性能的影响.结果表明,采用不对称交流-直流电镀方法可获得内应力小、光滑致密的复合镀层,有效降低镀层裂纹的产生;通过控制工艺参数可调节镀层中ZrO2纳米粒子的复合量;在镀液中加入阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠可降低纳米粒子的团聚,获得最佳的镀层综合性能.     

铜铁界面含氧层对镀层结合强度的影响

镀层与基体界面间含氧层的存在,影响电镀层与基体之间金属键的形成,进而影响镀层的结合强度.用氰化物和焦磷酸盐两种工艺在铁片上镀铜,对镀层进行恒电流极化,并以氩离子深度刻蚀和X射线光电子能谱相结合的方法进行检测.电沉积初始电位-时间曲线显示,两种镀铜工艺,结合强度好的出现了基体表面的还原活化电位平阶,结合强度差的焦酸盐镀铜未出现活化就发生了金属的电沉积,而且铜镀层与基体界面含氧量有增高的现象.铜镀层与铁基底界面间含氧层的存在是影响镀层结合强度的主要原因.通过控制金属电沉积初始电位可提高镀层的结合强度.     

工艺参数对Ni-Fe-Co合金镀层在碱性溶液中电催化析氢性能的影响

目前,关于Ni-Fe-Co合金电极电催化析氢性能的报道较少。以不同工艺参数在Q235钢表面电沉积Ni-Fe-Co镀层,通过SEM、EDS和XRD等分析手段研究了镀层的微观形貌、成分及物相组成,并利用极化曲线探究了工艺条件对镀层电催化析氢活性的影响。结果表明:在电流密度45 m A/cm~2,温度60℃,pH值3.8的条件下得到的镀层具有最好的电催化析氢性能;最优镀层表面组织致密,由简单立方结构的Fe Ni3相构成,Co以固溶体的形式存在于合金镀层中,镀层在碱性工作条件下具有良好的稳定性。     

Flat Absorber Phosphorous Black Nickel Coatings for Space Applications

A new process of flat absorber black nickel alloy coating was developed on stainless steel by electrodeposition from a bath containing nickel,zinc and ammonium sulphates;thiocyanate and sodium hypophosphite for space applications.Coating process was optimized by investigating the effects of plating parameters,viz concentration of bath constituents,current density,temperature,pH and plating time on the optical properties of the black deposits.Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the inclusion of about 6% phosphorous in the coating.The scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the amorphous nature of the coating.The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization (LP) techniques.The results revealed that,phosphorous addition confers better corrosion resistance in comparison to conventional black nickel coatings.The black nickel coating obtained from hypophosphite bath provides high solar absorptance (α s) and infrared emittance (ε IR) of the order of 0.93.Environmental stability to space applications was established by the humidity and thermal cycling tests.     

电沉积Co-Ni-Al2O3复合镀层微观结构及高温性能

在氨基磺酸盐电解液中,利用复合电沉积技术制备得到了Co-Ni合金基中弥散分布Al₂O₃颗粒的金属基复合镀层。通过SEM,AFM以及XRD等分析测试方法,研究了Co-Ni-Al₂O₃复合镀层的表面形貌和微观晶体结构。结果发现:Co-Ni-Al₂O₃的表面形貌和微观晶体结构主要受镀层中钴含量的影响。高钴含量复合镀层具有Hcp结构,其表面形貌比具有Fcc结构的低钴含量镀层的表面更加均匀细致。Al₂O₃颗粒在Co-Ni合金中的共沉积,没有改变合金固溶体的相组成,但却改变了各晶面的优势生长。通过研究复合镀层的硬度、高温耐磨性、高温抗氧化性、热膨胀系数和热导率表明:Co-Ni-Al₂O₃具有较好的高温耐磨性和高温抗氧化能力,并且高钴含量的复合镀层相对于低钴镀层具有较低的热膨胀系数和较高的热导率。      

Electrodeposition of Ni/WC nano composite in sulfate solution

Metal matrix composite coatings have gained great attention due to their exclusive properties. They have shown the properties of a metallic host material modified by addition of a second phase. In electrodeposition of Ni/WC nano composite, nickel was deposited on the substrates by DC electrodeposition in Watt's based bath containing nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, boric acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. WC content in the coating was determined by different parameters such as current density, powder content and surfactant amount. Mechanism of electrodeposition was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and was confirmed by Guglielmi model. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Hardness, scratch resistance and corrosion resistance of Ni/WC composite coating were also determined.     

Microstructure and tribological property of nanocrystalline Co–W alloy coating produced by dual-pulse electrodeposition

The nanocrystalline Co–W alloy coatings were produced by dual-pulse electrodeposition from aqueous bath with cobalt sulfate and sodium tungstate (Na₂WO₄). Influence of the current density and Na₂WO₄ concentration in bath on the microstructure, morphology and hardness of the Co–W alloy coatings were investigated using an X-ray diffraction, a scanning electronic microscope and a Vickers hardness tester, respectively. In addition, the friction and wear properties of the Co–W alloy coating electrodeposited under different condition were evaluated with a ball-on-disk UMT-3MT tribometer. The correlation between the electrodeposition condition, the microstructure and alloy composition, and the hardness and tribological properties of the deposited Co–W alloy coatings were discussed in detail. The results showed that the microhardness of the deposited Co–W alloy coating was significantly affected by its average grain size, W content and crystal orientation. Smaller grain size, higher W content and strong hcp (1 0 0) orientation favor the improvement of the hardness for Co–W alloy coatings. The deposited Co–W alloy coating could obtain the maximum microhardness over 1000 kgf mm⁻² by careful control of the electrodeposition conditions. The tribological properties of the electrodeposited Co–W alloy coating were greatly affected by its grain size, microhardness, surface morphologies and composition, and could be significantly improved by optimizing the electrodeposition condition.     

Sb-Fe合金的电沉积及其结构与磁性能

以柠檬酸为络合剂、硼酸为缓冲剂的酸性镀液中电沉积Sb-Fe合金,循环伏安实验显示在镀液pH值为3.2时合金的起始共沉积电位约-0.855V(vs·SCE)。借助扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了沉积条件对Sb-Fe镀层结构和磁性能的影响。结果表明,在镀液pH值为3.2时,随着阴极电流密度从20mA·cm-2增加到40mA·cm-2,镀层中铁含量从2at%增加到24at%;当阴极电流密度大于40mA·cm-2,镀层中铁含量又下降。Sb-Fe镀层含有Sb-Fe固溶体(R-3m)相以及少量的铁(Im3m)相。随着Sb-Fe镀层中铁含量的增加,镀膜的矫顽力减少而饱和磁化强度则增加。镀膜的矫顽力在1.2～1.7kA·m-1范围,属软磁材料。