不同温度下微孔膜包装青毛豆的保鲜效果研究

为减少青毛豆采后物流中的损失,提供青毛豆的保鲜新方法。本文以青毛豆为原料,研究了在0、4、9℃贮藏条件下,结合微孔膜包装对青毛豆贮藏过程中品质变化和保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:不同温度下微孔膜包装的青毛豆贮藏时间显著不同,随着温度的降低,青毛豆的腐烂率和失重率逐渐减少,贮藏质量明显提高,青毛豆保鲜时间显著延长。低温条件下,豆粒会保持较低的膜透性与MDA含量,可溶性蛋白质含量减少缓慢,叶绿素含量升高。不同温度下贮藏过程中青毛豆微孔膜包装内O2最低为17%,CO2为1.15%~4.53%,在此条件下的青毛豆未出现明显失水和气体伤害症状。     

包装膜特性对菠菜品质的影响

探究不同特性PE膜包装对菠菜贮藏期间生理特征,营养价值以及感官品质的影响。采用4种不同特性的PE膜对菠菜进行包装,4±1℃条件下贮藏12 d,每隔3 d测定菠菜的袋内顶空气体组分、呼吸速率、失重率、腐烂率、颜色变化、叶绿素含量及VC含量的变化。采用主成分分析法对所测定指标进行综合分析。结果表明,PE3相对于其余3种不同膜特性的PE膜,可以明显降低失重率、腐烂率,较好的维持叶绿素含量和VC含量,可以很好地维持菠菜的品质。     

包装方式与温度对马兰头保鲜效果的影响

目的:研究包装方式与温度对马兰头贮藏效果的影响。方法:新鲜采收的马兰头经挑选、整理后按挽口和敞口两种方式包装,分别于常温、10℃、0℃贮藏,研究包装方式与温度对马兰头贮藏期间失重率、黄化腐烂率、呼吸强度、电导率、还原糖含量、VC含量、叶绿素含量、纤维素含量的影响。重复3次。结果:挽口包装结合0℃贮藏方式能明显减少马兰头水分损失及黄花腐烂,降低呼吸强度,延缓叶绿素、还原糖及VC含量下降,抑制纤维素形成,有效保持了细胞膜的完整性。结论:挽口包装结合0℃贮藏方法,可有效延长马兰头的保鲜时间。     

保鲜膜与冷藏温度对芫荽的采后品质影响

研究?2、0、4及10 ℃包裹保鲜膜贮藏和0 ℃直接贮藏方式对芫荽采摘后色差、叶绿素含量、失重率、膜通透性以及感官评价的影响,探索芫荽最佳保鲜条件。结果表明:在0 ℃下贮藏7 d后,保鲜膜包装下芫荽的失重率为24%,而直接冷藏其失重率达到35%,保鲜膜能够抑制芫荽水分蒸发,降低自身失重率。随着贮藏温度的升高,芫荽的失重率、色差不断提高,膜通透性不断增强;芫荽叶绿素含量下降趋势更加明显。综合以上各项指标分析,芫荽在0 ℃条件下包裹保鲜膜贮藏较为合适。     

薄膜袋包装对新疆阿拉尔地区圆脆枣贮藏特性的影响

以新疆阿拉尔地区圆脆鲜枣为试材,研究不同薄膜袋包装对低温冷藏条件下圆脆鲜枣贮藏特性的影响。结果表明,低温(0℃~4℃)贮藏时,不包装的圆脆枣果实皱缩严重,易失去鲜食品质,包装处理较好地保存了枣果的外观品质、降低了果实失重率、减缓了果实硬度的下降、保持了较高的可溶性固形物含量,但增加了枣果的腐烂率;在枣专用保鲜袋、保鲜袋和普通袋3种包装处理中,用专用保鲜袋装枣有利于减少果实腐烂、保持其可溶性固形物和VC含量,但在降低失重率、保持果实硬度和可滴定酸含量等方面优势并不明显;综合考虑,贮藏圆脆枣时以枣专用保鲜袋包装为佳。     

不同贮藏温度对杏梅贮藏品质的影响

本实验以杏梅果实为供试材料,采用不同贮藏温度(0、2、4、6℃),以杏梅果实腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量等为参考指标,研究贮藏温度对杏梅果实采后贮藏期间品质的影响。结果表明:不同贮藏温度对杏梅贮藏品质的影响效果不同。与4℃和6℃贮藏相比,0℃和2℃可以显著降低杏梅果实贮藏期间腐烂率和失重率,同时较好地维持杏梅果实贮藏期间的硬度、可溶性固形物含量(TSS)、可滴定酸含量(TA),也有效抑制了杏梅果肉总酚含量和VC含量的下降,使其抗氧化活性保持在较高水平。     

不同处理方法对冷藏保鲜菜心营养及品质的影响

为延长菜心冷藏保鲜时间,采用10μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)+防雾膜、0.56mg/L臭氧+防雾膜和防雾膜对菜心进行包装处理后,测定其在0℃贮藏期间的营养品质的变化。结果表明,在0℃条件下贮藏28 d后,1-MCP+防雾膜包装菜心的品质最好,其感官评价得分、失重率、黄化指数、可溶性固形物含量分别为6.56分、4.17%、13.22%、3.33%。其中VC、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白保留率分别为43.9%、57.5%、50.0%。因此,1-MCP+防雾膜处理能够抑制菜心冷藏期间失重率的升高和延缓感官评价、VC、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量的降低,对菜心黄化指数的影响较为明显,可以延长菜心的商品寿命。     

贮藏温度和包装方法对两种叶菜采后品质的影响

对两种典型叶类蔬菜进行适宜贮藏条件及包装方式的研究。以菠菜和芹菜为试验材料,比较两种冷藏条件(4℃和9℃)、两种包装方式(薄膜包装和气调包装)对贮藏过程中理化(失重率、叶绿素含量、VC含量和亚硝酸盐含量等)和感官等品质指标及货架期的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,菠菜和芹菜在低温和气调下贮藏的感官品质(外观和颜色)、内部品质(鲜重、叶绿素含量、VC含量和亚硝酸盐含量)均效果较好。4℃结合气调包装相对薄膜包装可以有效抑制叶绿素的分解、感官品质的下降和亚硝酸盐含量的增加,减少营养成分的损失,延长菠菜和芹菜的货架寿命4～10d左右,但薄膜包装能有效抑制失重率增加。     

不同贮藏温度对冷凉地区甘薯块根品质的影响

目的 研究不同贮藏温度对冷凉地区甘薯块根品质的影响，为当地因地制宜建设地下或半地下贮藏窖的短期贮藏筛选适宜品种。方法 以腐烂率、失重率、淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量、抗坏血酸含量、谷胱甘肽含量、果胶含量、α淀粉酶活性及薯块硬度变化为指标，考察了12个甘薯品种在6、9和12℃ 3个不同贮藏温度中块根品质随时间的变化规律。结果 相同品种间，随着贮藏温度的降低，甘薯腐烂率、α淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖、果胶含量和硬度波动明显，总体呈上升趋势，失重率、淀粉含量呈下降趋势，抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽含量均随着贮藏时间而缓慢下降。不同品种间耐贮性存在较大差异，12℃贮藏条件下，各品种腐烂率较低，但失重率相对较高；9℃贮藏条件下，部分品种腐烂率上升，但抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽等营养物质损失较小；6℃低温贮藏条件下，失重率及腐烂率较低的品种是商薯19、苏薯28号和徐紫薯8号；α淀粉酶活性较弱的品种是徐紫薯8号、济薯26号、心香和商薯19；而济薯26号、徐薯32号、商薯19号和徐紫薯8号贮藏35 d后，淀粉含量损失较少。结论 通过贮藏特性评价，掌握不同品种的品质随贮藏温度变化规律，筛选出商薯19、徐紫薯8号和苏薯28号3个适宜6℃低温贮藏的品种。     

不同包装方式对通江段木鲜银耳低温贮藏品质的影响

以新鲜银耳为原料,研究不同包装方式对其保鲜效果及贮藏品质的影响。采用PE膜打孔包装、PE膜不打孔包装和无包装方式贮藏于1℃和4℃条件下,定期测定贮藏期间的品质变化。结果表明,1℃贮藏期间,打孔、不打孔和无包装的鲜银耳的可溶性蛋白含量变化分别为40.86%、43.01%和45.16%;鲜银耳可溶性蛋白含量变化和白度变化率低于4℃贮藏条件。贮藏25 d时,1℃贮藏的PE膜打孔包装鲜银耳品质最佳,失重率23.76%、亨特白度43.45°、可溶性蛋白质含量0.55 mg/g、总糖含量3.39%、微生物的抑制情况显著好于其他处理。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the