烧结温度对多孑L钛组织结构与性能的影响

分别在1000、1100、1200、1300和1400℃下真空烧结制备了多孔钛试样,并对多孔钛试样进行孔结构、组织结构和性能检测,研究了烧结温度与多孔钛的结构和性能的关系。结果表明:随着烧结温度的提高,多孔钛中颗粒边缘由尖锐变圆滑,孔型由不规则形向圆形转变,烧结颈由细变粗进而出现颗粒表面熔化,孔隙率下降。硬度随烧结温度的提高,呈现先升后降的变化规律,抗压强度逐步提高。     

Porous titanium implants fabricated by metal injection molding

Sodium chloride (NaCl) was added as a space holder in synthesis of porous titanium by using metal injection molding(MIM) method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of porous titanium were analyzed by mercury porosimeter, scanning electron microscope(SEM) and compression tester. The results show that the content of NaCl influences the porosity of porous titanium significantly. Porous titanium powders with porosity in the range of 42.4%–71.6% and pore size up to 300 μm were fabricated. The mechanical test shows that with increasing NaCl content, the compressive strength decreases from 316.6 to 17.5 MPa and the elastic modulus decreases from 3.03 to 0.28 GPa.     

Preparation and characterization of porous titanium using space-holder technique

Titanium-based porous materials can be used in structural applications and medical implants because of their excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, good corrosion resistance and wonderful biocompatibility. However, most of the methods used to produce the po-rous metal can only give limited porosity and uncontrollable pore morphologies. In the present study, a newly developed method of powder metallurgy using the space-holder technique was used to fabricate porous titanium with controllable porosity. The morphological features and mechanical properties of the products were fully investigated. The results show that the porosity is in the range of 55%-75%, and the mean pore size, with an average sphericity of～0.72, is 600 μm The plateau stresses vary between 10 MPa and 35 MPa. As predicted by the Gibson-Ashby model, the plateau stress decreases with increasing porosity.     

泡沫钛孔隙结构及力学性能

通过挂浆烧结法制备了两种不同孔隙结构的泡沫钛,利用数码相机和扫描电镜对泡沫钛孔隙结构与形貌观特征进行了观察,通过静态的室温压缩试验,测试了泡沫钛的力学性能与吸能特性。研究发现,应用挂浆烧结法制备的泡沫钛继承了先驱体的结构特征,呈三维立体网状结构,且孔棱是非致密的,存在大量的微孔。泡沫钛是应变速率不敏感的,在应变速率3×10_-4s_-1~1×10_-2s_-1范围内,其屈服强度为1.00MPa~2.38MPa,且泡沫钛具有一定的吸能特性,细孔泡沫钛和粗孔泡沫钛的最大吸能量分别为0.78MJ/m₃和0.22MJ/m₃。     

多孔铝合金的孔隙率梯度及控制

应用图像识别与处理技术,描述了多孔铝合金的面孔隙率及体孔隙率;研究了渗流法制备的多孔铝合金沿长度方向的孔隙率梯度,并对整体孔隙率的均匀度进行了估计.研究结果表明:多孔铝合金的中上部孔隙率最高,顶端次之,底端最低.多孔铝合金的孔隙率梯度主要是由渗流驱动压力梯度与凝固顺序所决定,而颗粒的自然堆积密度影响相对较小.但通过振动控制方法,调整颗粒堆积密度,可以有效地改善多孔铝合金的孔隙率梯度,使孔隙率梯度绝对值平均由6.5%降至2.2%.     

高孔隙率多孔钛的制备及微弧氧化改性

以商业用纯钛粉为原料,添加造孔剂碳酸氢铵,通过真空烧结的方法制备了多孔钛。再在浓度为10%稀硫酸溶液的电解液中对制备的多孔钛进行微弧氧化处理。将微弧氧化(MAO)改性后的多孔钛浸泡于模拟体液(SBF)中检测其生物活性,并采用SEM和XRD对改性前后多孔钛及矿化后的样品进行了表征。结果显示,制备的多孔钛孔隙率为70%,其孔结构主要包括两类：即尺寸为几百微米的相互贯通的大孔和分布在大孔壁上的尺寸为几微米的小孔。在电压为100 V下氧化2 min能在多孔钛壁上形成厚度为几百纳米的多孔TiO膜层,且该膜层能诱导磷灰石的形成。这表明,微弧氧化处理后的多孔钛具有优异的生物活性。     

规则多孔铜的拉伸性能及其各向异性

采用固-气共晶定向凝固的方法制备规则多孔铜,研究其室温拉伸性能的各向异性和气孔率对拉伸力学性能的影响,建立表征抗拉强度与气孔率和拉伸方向相关的数学模型.结果表明:规则多孔铜的拉伸性能主要取决于材料的气孔率和拉伸方向;随着气孔率的增大,规则多孔铜的拉伸性能明显下降:规则多孔铜拉伸性能呈各向异性特征,0°方向性能最好,45°方向的次之,90°方向的最差;各拉伸方向的实验数据与模型数据吻合良好.断口分析表明:规则多孔铜呈韧性断裂,拉伸断裂从孔壁处开始,最终因颈缩导致完全断裂.     

孔隙率对电子束选区熔化多孔钽支架力学性能的影响（英文）

研究了孔隙率对电子束选区熔化(EB-PBF)多孔钽支架压缩、弯曲和拉伸性能的影响。通过改变多孔钽支架设计孔隙率以及调整熔化工艺参数,获得了孔隙率为69%～77.8%的多孔钽支架。研究表明,随着能量密度的增加,多孔钽支架中的孔洞和未熔融粉末减少。随着孔隙率的下降,多孔钽支架的力学性能增加。EB-PBF多孔钽支架压缩屈服强度、弯曲屈服强度以及拉伸屈服强度与相对密度的关系可以用指数模型来描述,弹性模量则与相对密度较好地符合Gibson-Ashby模型。多孔钽支架在压缩、弯曲和拉伸试验中均表现出良好的延性,在压缩过程中没有发现杆筋断裂,但在90°弯曲后,多孔钽杆筋表面出现裂纹,这主要是由于对氧化物引起的缺陷具有较高的敏感性。     

钛合金变形Gyroid单元多孔结构设计与分析

三周期极小曲面（triply periodic minimal surfaces, TPMS）多孔结构研究广泛,但变形TPMS多孔结构研究较少,而变形TPMS多孔结构在一定方向上的力学性能存在潜在优势。研究Gyroid单元多孔结构的参数化设计方法,采用激光选区熔化（selective laser melting, SLM）技术制备出孔隙率为60%和75%的常规和变形Gyroid单元多孔钛合金样件。通过Micro-CT观察样件的形貌特征,内部连通性良好,未发现有明显的结构断裂和孔隙堵塞。采用Instron电子万能材料试验机进行力学压缩试验,结果表明：孔隙率为60%的变形Gyroid单元多孔结构的抗压强度相比常规Gyroid单元多孔结构增加49.3%,弹性模量增加63.5%;孔隙率为75%时抗压强度增加40.5%,弹性模量增加70.5%。研究结果表明,在相同孔隙率的情况下,长轴在压缩方向上的变形Gyroid单元结构具有更优的力学性能。     

热处理时间对激光选区成形TC4钛合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子万能试验机研究固溶时效工艺中时间参数对激光选区成形(SLM)TC4(Ti6Al4V)钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,退火态的SLM成形TC4钛合金的显微组织主要由连续的晶界α相(α_GB)、网篮状α相和β转变组织组成。经固溶时效处理后,试样的显微组织均呈现为网篮组织。在固溶温度为920 ℃,时效工艺为550 ℃×3 h,空冷的条件下,随着固溶时间从2 h增加为6 h,初生α相粗化明显,部分α_P相的晶粒长度可达16 μm;片状α相也发生粗化,晶粒长度由5~15 μm增长至20~30 μm,连续的晶界α相(α_GB)变得不连续,晶粒宽度由2.7 μm增长为4.4μm;同时,组织中出现了尺寸较大的α集束。试样的强度由1045.2 MPa增加为1156.9 MPa,断后伸长率由13.6%降低为6.7%。在时效温度为550 ℃,固溶工艺为920 ℃×2 h,水淬的条件下,随着时效时间从3 h增加为8 h,β转变组织的占比增加,初生α相的长度由40~60 μm减少为30~40 μm,晶界处连续的α_GB相晶粒宽度由2.7 μm增长为4.5 μm;片状α相稍有粗化,而试样的力学性能变化不大。因此,对于SLM成形TC4钛合金而言,在920 ℃固溶温度及550 ℃时效温度下,改变固溶和时效时间参数难以获得双态组织,且对综合力学性能的提高无显著影响。     

加钛方式与钛含量对A356合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同钛含量的电解A356合金的组织和力学性能,并与相应钛含量的熔配加钛A356合金进行了比较.结果表明:随着钛含量的增加,二者的晶粒和一次枝晶都明显细化,硅颗粒尺寸、纵横比均有所降低,硅颗粒圆形度有所增加,意味着硅颗粒形状得到改善.但当钛含量大于0.1%时,这种影响变弱.钛含量和加钛方式对合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度影响不大且二者相当,但塑性随着钛含量的增加而增加,当钛含量达到0.1%时,两种合金均具有最佳的塑性和质量系数.对具有相同钛含量的合金,电解加钛A356合金的晶粒和Si颗粒的尺寸小于相应钛含量熔配加钛A356合金,硅颗粒圆形度也优于相应熔配加钛A356合金,电解A356合金的塑性、质量系数均优于相应钛含量的熔配加钛A356合金,但加钛方式对硅颗粒纵横比影响不系统.     

Effects of microstructures on mechanical properties of Ti-63 titanium alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-63 pancakes were investigated under different heat-treatment modes. Pancake No. 1, with an as-forged bimodal structure, was β annealed at 930°C for 1 h. Its structure was changed to a Widmanstatten structure with continuous grain boundary α phase and long lamellar α phase. The pancake showed a good combination of strength, ductility and fracture toughness. Pancake No. 2, with an as-forged bimodal structure, was aged at 540°C for 8 h after annealing at 930°C for 1 h. Other than the fine secondary α precipitates, it showed a similar microstructure to that of pancake No. 1. The fine precipitates can enhance the pancake’s strength while reducing the ductility and fracture toughness. Pancake No. 3, with an as-forged basket-weave structure, was annealed at 750°C for 1 h. Its structure was nearly unchanged and it achieved a better ductility but a slightly lower fracture toughness than pancake No. 1.     

Parametric studies of the mechanical behaviour of porous titanium

This paper investigates the prediction of some common mechanical properties of sintered pure titanium. Tensile strength was determined using the radial crush strength method and the fracture toughness tests were performed using disk-shaped compact tension specimens. Empirical models that predict the mechanical behaviour of sintered titanium are reported in this paper and compared with other models like those of Hashin-Strikman, Fleck and Smith, Griffithset al. and Nielson.     

Effects of titanium on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZnAl4Yalloy

The effect of Ti on the microstructure and mechanical properties of zinc-aluminum ZnAl4Y alloy has been investigated in this work. Small amount of Ti was added into ZnAl4Y alloy in the form of Al-10wt.%Ti alloy. The results show that Ti addition into ZnAl4Y alloy refines the primary η-Zn phase and increases the amount of η-Zn + α-Al eutectic structure. There exists a ternary T phase in Zn-Al-Ti alloy. Fine TiAl3 particles and Ti-Zn compounds can serve as the nucleation sites of the α-Al and η-Zn phase, resp...     

TA15钛合金的形变热处理

研究了形变热处理对TA15钛合金组织与力学性能的影响。在α＋β两相进行形变热处理使组织中的条状初生α相碎化。对水冷的试样进行930℃／1h／空冷＋915℃／1h／空冷＋530℃／6h／空冷的处理，抗拉强度明显提高，组织中的条状初生α相发生球化。在β相进行形变热处理使强度略有降低，魏氏组织中的α层片增厚。     

不同热处理后TC21钛合金的显微组织及力学性能

研究了损伤容限型TC21钛合金在不同热处理过程中的组织演化及显微组织对力学性能的影响。结果表明,锻后空冷并经（900℃,1h,AC）＋（590℃,4h,AC）热处理,能获得较佳的综合性能。单相区变形,β晶粒呈盘状：单相区退火,β晶粒呈等轴状。单相区变形或退火后的冷却速率及两相高温区退火决定粗大α片的含量及形貌;经过时效或第三次退火后,细小的次生α片从残留卢基体中析出。合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度随着粗大α片含量的增加而降低。低的有效滑移长度和高的裂纹扩展阻力能提高合金的室温塑性。交叉分布的粗大α片厚度的增加,有助于提高合金的断裂韧性。     

不同孔径分布多孔钛的力学性能

从生物学角度出发设计并制备2种不同孔径分布的多孔钛,并研究其力学性能。采用造孔剂烧结方法制备孔隙率为36%~63%的多孔钛,通过室温压缩测试其力学性能。多孔钛的弹性模量和抗压强度分别在2.662~18 GPa和94.05~468.57 MPa范围内,且都随着孔隙率的增加而降低。抗压强度和孔隙率的关系曲线呈现完全的线性特征,表明抗压强度主要受孔隙率的影响,几乎不受孔径的影响。Gibson-Ashby力学关系分析结果显示：常数项C值的差异说明孔径分布对多孔钛的屈服强度有一定的影响;密度指数n值均大于临界值3,表明这2种不同孔径的多孔钛的变形方式相同,为孔壁的屈曲作用。     

多孔件TC4选区激光熔化成形及力学性能分析

采用选区激光熔化成形技术制备了两种钛合金体心立方多孔结构(BCC和BCC-Z)制件,验证了其成形复杂孔制件的可行性;进行了静态压缩试验,结果表明制件沿近45°方向断裂;压缩试验应力应变曲线表明多孔件使材料抗拉强度大大减小,且随着边径比和孔隙率的增大,峰值应力减小。同时,在边径比和孔隙率相差不大的情况下,BCC-Z结构承受载荷的能力明显高于BCC结构;通过有限元模拟分析了BCC制件在压缩过程中的应力分布情况,针对单元体节点处的应力集中现象,提出了节点加固方法。同时预测了多孔制件的弹性模量和屈服强度,模拟与试验结果基本吻合。     

Influence of deformation parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of TA 15 titanium alloy

The influence of deformation parameters including deformation temperature, degree and speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TA15 titanium alloy was studied. The volume fraction, size and aspect ratio of primary a phase in deformed TAI 5 titanium alloy were quantitatively characterized. With increasing deformation temperature, the volume fraction and size of primary α phase decrease. The aspect ratio of primary a phase decreases with increasing deformation temperature. The tensile strength of TA15 alloy deformed at 0.1 mm/s is higher than that at 0.3 mm/s. After therlnoforming at 960℃, 0.1 mrn/s, the tensile strength is the highest up to 1 035 MPa and the elongation is 13.5%. When the thermoforming temperature is 1 050℃, the strength and elongation are both relative low, because the microstructure is Widmanstaten structure.     

固溶和时效温度对IMI834钛合金板材组织和性能的影响

研究了不同固溶时效温度对IMI834合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:IMI834合金板材经低温热处理的组织和轧态没有明显差别,室温强度也与轧态基本保持不变;合金在α+β两相区热处理后得到双态组织,随着固溶温度的升高,初生α相含量减少,室温强度略有增加,塑性的变化规律与强度相反,初生α相含量的减少对板材的室温强度没有明显的影响。随着时效温度的提高,板材的室温强度降低,塑性有所降低。板材的600 ℃高温力学性能变化规律与室温相似,但断面收缩率较室温好。本试验得到的较优的热处理制度为1035 ℃×1 h, AC+(700~750) ℃×4 h, AC。