随机表面粗糙度对MEMS径向气体轴承性能的影响

基于分形几何理论表征了MEMS径向气体轴承的随机粗糙表面,修正了气体的雷诺方程,研究了径向轴承中气体薄膜在滑移效应和粗糙度耦合作用下的压强分布、承载能力等轴承特性。结果表明:由于表面粗糙度的影响,气体轴承压力分布、承载能力具有非线性特性,波动较明显。     

径向水润滑滑动轴承动静态特性的有限差分法分析

本文基于有限差分法利用MATLAB编程研究了轴承型式(圆柱轴承、椭圆轴承、三叶轴承)、水槽布置方式、长径比和半径间隙对水润滑轴承动静态特性的影响.结果表明,三种轴承中圆柱轴承的承载能力最强,但动态性能欠佳;三叶轴承的动态性能最好,但承载能力最差;椭圆轴承性能则介于两种轴承之间.且均布式水槽的数量越多,轴承的承载能力越低.增加轴承长径比可以提高半圆槽式轴承承载能力,但会降低轴承的动态性能.存在能够使半圆槽式轴承承载能力达到最大且最佳的半径间隙值,是当半径间隙大于该值时,增加半径间隙会降低轴承的承载能力,但轴承的动态性能会有所提高.     

气体动压径向轴承超薄气膜润滑动特性分析

在微纳米尺度下工作的气体薄膜润滑轴承,气膜厚度与气体分子平均自由程较为接近,气体稀薄效应是影响轴承动态特性的关键因素。通过MATLAB的偏微分方程工具箱求解超薄气膜润滑动态Reynolds方程得到动态刚度和阻尼系数,探讨了不同半径间隙,稀薄效应修正模型以及轴承参数对动特性系数的影响。结果表明,随轴承间隙减小,气体稀薄程度增加,气体径向轴承的动态刚度系数显著降低,动态阻尼系数有所增加。当半径间隙降低到纳米尺度时,动态性能受轴承参数的影响较小。     

微型旋转机械轴承研究进展

对微机电系统(MEMS)旋转机械微轴承,尤其是微型干摩擦、电磁和气体轴承的研究现状进行评述,介绍微型干摩擦轴承、微型电磁轴承及微型气体轴承的各种润滑特性,主要分析微型气体轴承的设计、加工制造及动力润滑特性问题,分别探讨微尺度效应和滑流效应对微型气体轴承润滑特性的影响,并对相关领域的研究进展进行展望.     

弹性支承下的高速圆柱滚子轴承振动特性研究

基于滚动轴承动力学理论,建立了弹性支承下高速圆柱滚子轴承动力学微分方程组,采用预估-校正Gear stiff(GSTIFF)变步长积分算法对其进行求解,研究了弹性支承件的结构参数和轴承工况参数对圆柱滚子轴承径向振动的影响。结果表明:弹性支承件的沟槽数、梁厚及过渡角对轴承径向振动的影响较为显著,而沟槽间隙对圆柱滚子轴承径向振动的影响较小,合理的选择弹性支承件的结构参数可有效的降低高速圆柱滚子轴承的径向振动;在一定的载荷和转速范围内,弹性支承件可有效降低轴承的径向振动,选用沟槽数较少的弹性支承件可实现在较大转速和载荷范围内降低圆柱轴承振动的目的。     

高速气体轴承—转子系统转速飞升故障的试验

为了分析研究气体轴承—转子系统的转速飞升故障,在基于气体静压径向—止推联合轴承支承的高速透平发电机试验台上开展试验研究。采用时间三维谱图、轴心轨迹、频谱分析及分岔图等非线性振动测试及分析方法,给出转速飞升故障的特征及其发生条件,并研究轴承供气压力及驱动气流量特性对转速飞升的影响。试验结果表明,在一定范围内,提高轴承供气压力能够推迟转速飞升,在转速飞升过程中,减小驱动气输入流量能够提前终止转速飞升,提高轴承—转子系统稳定性。     

搭接-叠片式箔片气体动压轴承转子动力学特性实验研究

本文研制了由搭接式径向轴承和叠片式推力轴承组成的一套搭接-叠片式箔片气体动压轴承,同时设计并搭建了相应的箔片气体动压轴承转子实验台,通过多组转子降速对比实验研究了所提出箔片气体动压轴承的起飞特性,分析了转子不平衡量和外部载荷对该轴承-转子系统的转子动力学影响。起飞实验结果表明,本文所研制的搭接式径向箔片气体动压轴承的起飞转速约为7500 r/min,最大起飞转矩约为220 N·mm。转子降速实验研究结果表明,随着转子不平衡量的增加,转子系统1X频振动幅值逐渐增大、二阶临界转速逐渐降低、次频振动发生频率逐渐提前;随着转子转速的增加,转子系统1X频振动呈现先增大后减小的趋势、次频振动幅值整体逐渐增大;在减小顶箔结构的圆心距后,转子系统稳定性增加。不平衡量与外部载荷加载耦合实验结果表明,不平衡量与外部载荷都会激起系统的次频振动,次频振动幅值随转速升高而增大;并且在激起次频振动方面,不平衡量与外部载荷之间存在着相互放大作用。     

高速电主轴角接触球轴承刚度及其对电主轴临界转速的影响分析

针对高速电主轴角接触球轴承高转速的特点,建立角接触球轴承的拟静力学模型,分析径向力与电主轴转速对轴承滚珠与轴承沟道的接触角、接触力的影响;根据轴承与滚珠的受力平衡条件,研究角接触球轴承刚度受电主轴转速与预紧力的影响;基于Timoshenko梁理论,建立轴承-主轴的有限元模型,分析不同预紧力下角接触球轴承对电主轴临界转速的影响。结果表明:径向力与电主轴转速将改变轴承滚珠与轴承沟道的接触角与接触力,减小预紧力与升高转速会导致轴承的刚度降低,进而降低电主轴的临界转速;需要综合考虑角接触球轴承离心力、内圈膨胀和预紧力等影响因素,才能有效保障电主轴的安全运行。     

高速圆柱滚子轴承保持架振动特性研究

基于滚动轴承动力学理论,建立了高速圆柱滚子轴承的动力学非线性微分方程组。采用预估-校正的Gear stiff(GSTIFF)变步长积分算法进行求解,分析了轴承工况参数与结构参数对轴承保持架振动特性的影响。研究结果表明:保持架在径向平面内的振动随着径向载荷的增加而减小,振动频谱中f_c,2f_c,3f_c对应的幅值随径向载荷的增加而减小,其5f_c及更高倍频处的幅值显著降低,甚至消失,而径向载荷对4f_c处幅值的影响较为复杂;随着轴承转速的增加,保持架在径向平面内的振动随之增加;随着轴承径向游隙的增加,保持架径向平面内的振动先迅速增加后缓慢增加;过大或者过小的保持架引导间隙和兜孔周向间隙都会增加保持架的振动,存在一个最佳的保持架引导间隙和兜孔周向间隙范围能够有效的降低保持架的振动。     

飞机空调系统采用动压气体轴承的性能分析

采用动压气体轴承替代传统的油润滑轴承对飞机空调系统中各环节的影响进行全面分析,并结合相关实验研究最终得出结论:采用气体轴承所带来的膨胀机转子转速的提升是影响空调系统制冷性能及动力性能的主要因素.在飞机空调系统中改用气体轴承,循环效率提高,制冷温度降低,制冷量大幅度增加;系统的引气量大大减少,力学性能得以改善,系统部件更加轻巧、紧凑.     

On the performance of narrow porous journal bearing lubricated with couple stress fluid

Summary In the present analysis an attempt has been made to study the performance characteristics of a narrow porous journal bearing lubricated with couple stress fluid. A modified form of Reynolds equation is derived for the lubrication of porous journal bearings with couple stress fluid as lubricant. The analysis takes into account the velocity slip at the surface of a porous medium by using Beavers-Joseph criterion. The governing equation for flow in the porous media and the modified Reynolds equation derived from the Stokes [1] constistutive equations for the couple stress fluid satisfying the velocity slip boundary condition, are solved analytically for the film pressure distribution. Eigen type of expansions for the field variations are obtained. The dimensionless load capacity, attitude angle and coefficient of friction are presented for different operating parameters. The effect of couple stress and velocity slip on the dynamic characteristics of narrow porous journal bearings are discussed. It is observed that the bearings with couple stress fluid as lubricant provide significant load carrying capacity and ensure considerable reduction in the coefficient of friction compared with viscous lubricants.     

计入应力偶效应和空化效应的滑动轴承热流体动力润滑数值研究

基于应力偶理论和Elrod空化算法建立了滑动轴承热流体动力润滑数学模型，数值求解了应力偶流体的Reynolds方程、油膜能量方程及轴瓦热传导方程，考察了应力偶效应对滑动轴承热流体动力润滑性能产生的影响。结果表明：应力偶流体明显地提高了油膜压力，降低了轴承摩擦系数，同时也使端泄流量和轴承的温度场有所改变。     

THD analysis for finite slider bearing with roughness: special reference to load generation in parallel sliders

This paper analyses the thermal and roughness effects on different characteristics of finite rough tilted pad slider bearings. The roughness is assumed to be stochastic, Gaussian randomly distributed. Density and viscosity are assumed to be temperature dependent. In this study, two models of one-dimensional roughness, longitudinal and transverse, are considered. The irregular domain due to roughness is mapped to a regular domain so that the numerical method can be easily applied. The modified Reynolds equation, momentum equation, continuity equation and energy equation are coupled and solved using the finite difference method to yield various bearing characteristics. It is observed that for nonparallel slider bearing the load carrying capacity due to the combined effect is less than the load capacity due to the roughness effect for both longitudinal and transverse roughness models. However, in case of a parallel pad slider bearing, the reverse is true, though the load capacity is not significant. It is also observed that the load carrying capacity due to the combined effect is larger than the load carrying capacity due to the thermal effect for both roughness models.     

Effects of fluid inertia and surface tension parameter on the operating characteristics of a cylinder‐plane bearing

Abstract

The hydrodynamic characteristics of a cylinder‐plane bearing are investigated by using a modified Reynolds equation. The modified Coyne‐Elrod boundary conditions are used at the rupture boundary. It is found that the pressure in the convergent portion of the bearing, and hence the load capacity, is increased significantly as the Reynolds number is increased. The pressure distribution and the load capacity of the bearing are relatively insensitive to the variation of the surface tension parameter.     

Evaluation of the minimum face clearance of a high-speed gas-lubricated bearing with Navier slip boundary conditions under random excitations

Motivated by ongoing developments in aero-engine technology, a model for a coupled gas-lubricated bearing is developed in terms of an extended dynamical system. A slip boundary condition, characterised by a slip length, is incorporated on the bearing faces which can be relevant for operation in non-ideal extreme conditions, notably where external vibrations or disturbances could destabilise the bearing. A modified Reynolds equation is formulated to model the gas flow, retaining the effects of centrifugal inertia which is increasingly important for high-speed operation, and is coupled to the structural equations; spring-mass-damper systems model the axial stator and rotor displacements. A novel model is developed corresponding to a bearing experiencing an external random force to evaluate the resulting induced displacements of the bearing components. The minimum face clearance is obtained from a mapping solver for the modified Reynolds equation and structural equations simultaneously. In the case of random excitations, the solver is combined with a Monte Carlo technique. Evaluation of the average value of the minimum gap and the probability of the gap reaching a prescribed tolerance are provided. Extensive insight is given on the effect of key bearing parameters on the corresponding bearing dynamics.     

紊流滑动轴承油膜承载力的近似解

随着旋转机械向高转速、大功率方向发展,作为支承的滑动轴承越来越多地工作在紊流工况。为了能够快速准确地分析其润滑性能,给出了基于Sommerfeld和Ocvirk数的一种有限长紊流滑动轴承非线性油膜承载力的近似解析表达式。通过采用多参数摄动原理对有限长紊流滑动轴承润滑的Reynolds方程进行了求解,计算得到了滑动轴承的油膜承载力,并与有限元法计算的结果进行了比较,验证了基于多参数摄动原理求解紊流滑动轴承承载力近似解析方法的正确有效性。在此基础上,分析了偏心率、宽径比对滑动轴承的轴承承载力以及压力分布的影响。计算结果表明该近似解析方法适用于求解各种宽径比轴承的油膜承载力,尤其在较大的偏心率和载荷范围内适用。     

头/盘界面均匀化Reynolds方程及其高效数值求解

当硬盘工作时,磁头滑块飞行在高速旋转的磁盘上方,头/盘界面产生了一层只有几个纳米的气膜,该气膜润滑方程为考虑气体稀薄效应的修正Reynolds方程。为了提高磁记录密度,人们正在考虑用离散磁道（Discrete Track Recording,DTR）磁盘取代传统的光滑磁盘。由于这种DTR磁盘表面磁道和沟槽的影响,在数值求解修正Reynolds方程的过程中,就需要足够多的离散网格来分辨出DTR磁盘表面几何形状,从而带来了计算效率问题。基于均匀化理论和修正Reynolds方程的线性流率（Linearized Flow Rate,LFR）模型,该文推导了一个适合分析DTR磁盘气体润滑特性的均匀化Reynolds方程,并采用有限体积法对均匀化Reynolds方程进行了求解和验证。其结果显示:相对于修正Reynolds方程,求解均匀化Reynolds方程只需要很少的离散网格,从而节省了大量的计算时间,大幅提高了计算效率,且两者压力分布、压力中心和承载力的最大相对误差都小于3.5%。     

THD analysis for slider bearing with roughness: special reference to load generation in parallel sliders

This paper analyzes the thermal and roughness effects on different characteristics of an infinite tilted pad slider bearing. The roughness is assumed to be stochastic, Gaussian randomly distributed. Density and viscosity are assumed to be temperature-dependent. In this study, two models of one-dimensional roughness, longitudinal and transverse, are considered. The irregular domain due to roughness is mapped to a regular domain so that the numerical method can be easily applied. The modified Reynolds equation, momentum equation, continuity equation and energy equation are coupled and solved using the finite difference method to yield various bearing characteristics. It is observed that for a non-parallel slider bearing, the load carrying capacity due to the combined effect is less than the load capacity due to the roughness effect for both models. However, in the case of a parallel pad slider bearing the reverse is true, though the load capacity is not significant. It is also observed that the load carrying capacity due to the combined effect is less than the load carrying capacity due to the thermal effect for the longitudinal roughness model, and it is the opposite for the transverse roughness model.     

倾斜状态下静压油垫承载性能研究

静压转台具有摩擦系数小、承载能力强、使用寿命长等优点。但其在使用过程中受载及变形情况复杂,而转台倾斜或自身变形时油膜厚度的不均分布与油垫承载能力之间的规律依然不明晰。该文根据微元法建立一种引入转台倾角的雷诺方程,用倾角描述转台导轨面与支承油垫封油边的不平行程度,从而计算出油垫各处的油膜厚度,然后基于有限差分法求解出不同倾角时定量式支承油垫的油膜压力分布状态以及油垫的油腔压力和承载能力,并得到油腔工作参数及性能随倾角的变化规律,为静压转台支承分析和油膜失效判定提供基础。