苏州地区农村生活污水治理长效管理机制与对策

随着苏州地区农村生活污水治理工程的全面实施,保证工程设施持续、稳定、经济地运行,长效发挥其减少农村污染排放量及改善区域水环境作用,已成为当前太湖流域水污染治理的关键。在对苏州地区农村生活污水治理现状深入调研的基础上,分析治理工程运行管理机制各方面存在的问题,针对苏州治理工程管理体系的分析,提出苏州地区农村生活污水治理长效管理机制的构建应着重于全方位完善验收与移交体系、运行管理体制、管理服务体系、考核评估体系以及资金与政策保障体系。     

农村生活污水提质治理的应用研究

农村生活污水治理是乡村振兴战略实施的重要举措,其整治及循环利用能促进乡村生态文明建设及提升村民生活品质。基于生态文明视角,借鉴国内外农村生活污水治理示范工程的价值经验,对广州市从化区的农村污水治理进行了实地调查,分析了该区农村生活污水治理的必要性及治理现状,并探讨从化区多个农村生活污水处理设施及污水工艺优化的策略,旨在使该区农村生活水污染治理举措能为农村经济创造良好生态环境,并为乡村可持续发展提供决策依据。     

中南地区某县域乡镇生活污水治理研究

乡镇生活污水治理,是落实水污染防治计划工作目标的重要环节,而目前,关于乡镇污水系统建设的研究较少.与城市、农村相比,乡镇同时具备城市人口密度较高、污染排放集中以及村庄空间分布离散、情况多样的特点,同时,由于经济条件制约,我国多数乡镇污水系统建设及运维都要依靠上级政府投资,这些都是乡镇水污染治理工作的难点.在我国中南地区,很多乡镇位于长江、淮河等重要水系流域范围内,乡镇生活污水治理对流域水环境有较大影响.本文以中南地区某县正在开展的乡镇生活污水治理为例,从地形条件、空间分布、用水规律、发展规划、流域保护、建设投资等方面,研究了县域乡镇的污水收集处理模式、污水处理设施建设规模、处理设施排放标准以及镇-村污水收集处理关系,目标是建成覆盖完整、规模合理、排放达标、运行经济的乡镇污水系统,并为乡镇污水系统的规划建设提供一些参考.     

武汉市江夏区农村生活污水治理专项规划初探

为了更好地对区、县农村生活污水治理工作进行可操作性的指导,亟需开展前期的专项规划工作,从而建立适合区、县各种类型村庄的生活污水治理模式,并安排相应的执行计划。通过湖北省武汉市江夏区农村生活污水治理专项规划工作的经验,立足村庄实际情况与发展需求,制订可操作性强、出水可满足当地需求的农村生活污水治理规划,在节省投资的条件下,可实现水污染的治理与污水再利用。     

浙江省农村水污染防治的思考与建议

在对浙江农村水环境现状分析的基础上,探讨了农村水环境问题恶化的主要原因：乡镇企业造成的环境污染;化肥、农药不科学使用的污染;集约化养殖场的污染;居民生活污水和生活垃圾的污染。最后,提出了相应的水污染治理对策。     

《上海市农村生活污水处理技术指南》介绍

为提高农村生活污水治理水平,规范处理设施设计、建设、运行和管理,上海市编制了<上海市农村生活污水处理技术指南>,确定了符合上海市农村特点的生活污水治理系统技术要求、原则、方式和参数.对污水收集、污水和污泥处理等内容进行了说明和讨论,并介绍了工程案例.     

小型污水提升泵站在农村生活污水治理中的应用

介绍了农村生活污水治理在江苏省某市实施的基本情况。根据农村生活污水治理的实际情况和特点,对小型污水提升泵站的形式、规模、设计要点等进行了详细阐述,为小型污水提升泵站在农村生活污水治理中的运用提供了参考。     

有中国特色的军事区域水污染防治策略

分析了中国军事区域水污染的特点,有针对性地提出了具有中国特色的军事区域水污染治理原则、策略与治理措施,介绍了我国军事区域水污染治理的成果.     

某矿综合污水处理可行性分析

全面阐述了西山煤矿总公司某矿污水治理的现状和存在的问题 ,分析了煤矿水污染的特点及其处理方法和存在的问题 ,提出了改进方案 ,通过现场了解和模型实验得出了可行性结论     

美国和日本乡村污水治理的组织管理与启示

农村生活污水治理与其说是技术问题,不如说是组织和管理问题.美国在20世纪60年代已基本实现城乡一体化,农村与城市污水治理适用同一法律体系,在农村分散污水治理中强调家庭自主,国家给予一定的扶持.日本的农村污水治理与城乡一体化几乎同步.为促进农村污水治理,日本在农村实施了一套有别于城市的法规与政策,通过政府主导、居民配合、第三方负责的模式,形成了相对完善和有效的农村污水治理的组织与管理体系.我国适宜由政府主导,将农村分散污水治理视为与城市集中污水治理同等重要的永久性基础设施的建设,在政策和资金上给予倾斜扶持,统筹规划,立足长远,建立集中建设、服务与管理的农村分散污水治理的实施体系,通过建设带动农村卫生健康和环境保护目标的共同实现.     

农业面源污染控制新思路

目前我国农业面源的污染越来越严重，造成水体水质显著下降，为此对我国农业面源污染的成因进行了分析，并提出了控制面源污染的技术路线与政策建议。     

中国农村地区生活污染调查及控制模式探讨

由于农村地区的经济发展不平衡、居住分散等原因,农村环境治理难以采用集中处理方式。根据对当前全国农村环境状况的抽样调查结果,以及对农村地区生活污染特征的分析,得出了适合农村地区的生活污染控制模式,并据此选择北京市某行政村开展了示范工程研究。     

Effectiveness of water protection policy in China: A case study of Jiaxing

The rapid economic growth in China has caused ever-increasing pollution and gradual deterioration of surface water quality over the whole territory of China since 1978. Along with it, there have been 130 environmental protection policies publicized and enacted. Unfortunately, even though these contradictory phenomena have coexisted for almost three decades, the cause analysis and the effective evaluation of policy measures are still rare. The Jiaxing region, a lowland located at the Taihu Lake watershed, is a typical representative of this dilemma and was proposed as a case study area for an assessment on the effectiveness of the environmental policy measures mentioned above. The pollutant loads originating from point pollution sources were discharged into rivers at fixed in-stream sites, while pollutant loads from non-point pollution sources in rural areas were assumed to be rushed into rivers by stormwater runoff. The environmental policy measures concerning water quality in the Jiaxing region were specified quantitatively as parameters for estimating the variation of pollutant loads. The base case and other three cases with the effects of policy measures were then simulated by the surface water quality models. The results show that a significant improvement of the surface water quality can be achieved by controlling the non-point pollution in rural areas and the point pollution over the whole area, if the water protection policies are sustainable and executed completely, and if the local government is active in their administrative, supervising and educational responsibilities and the farmers assume voluntary activities on rural pollution control.     

Spatial Distribution of Water Quality Indexes and Their Response to Land Use Patterns in the Gaotan River Basin

The relationship between water quality and land use is of significance for the protection of the water environment. Here we take the Gaotan River Basin in Liangping District as the research object, and comprehensively use the spatial analysis with geographical information system(GIS), Pearson correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis(RDA) to study the ecological response of four water quality indexes of chemical oxygen demand(COD), biochemical oxygen demand in the 5 th day(BOD5), ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N), and total phosphorus(TP) on land use patterns on a sub-basin scale. The results show that land use patterns of the Gaotan River Basin have an important impact on water quality: wooded land can improve the water environment of the river; dry land, land for urban and rural housing and public facilities, and land for mining and industrial use are the main sources of COD, BOD5, and NH3-N; garden plot, land for building communications, and water areas have a weak impact on pollutants, indicating that agricultural non-point source pollution and domestics pollution in rural areas are the major cause of the deterioration of the water quality of the Gaotan River. The research results are of guiding significance to the treatment of water environment of the Gaotan River Basin.     

Understanding and influencing behaviour change by farmers to improve water quality

Diffuse pollution from agriculture remains a significant challenge to many countries seeking to improve and protect their water environments. This paper reviews literature relating to the provision of information and advice as a mechanism to encourage farmers to mitigate diffuse pollution. The paper presents findings from a literature review on influencing farmer behaviour and synthesises three main areas of literature: psychological and institutional theories of behaviour; shifts in the approach to delivery of advice (from knowledge transfer to knowledge exchange); and the increased interest in heterogeneous farming cultures. These three areas interconnect in helping to understand how best to influence farmer behaviour in order to mitigate diffuse pollution. They are, however, literatures that are rarely cited in the water management arena. The paper highlights the contribution of the ‘cultural turn’ taken by rural social scientists in helping to understand collective and individual voluntary behaviour. The paper explores how these literatures can contribute to the existing understanding of water management in the agricultural context, particularly: when farmers question the scientific evidence; when there are increased calls for collaborative planning and management; and when there is increased value placed on information as a business commodity. The paper also highlights where there are still gaps in knowledge that need to be filled by future research — possibly in partnership with farmers themselves. Whilst information and advice has long been seen as an important part of diffuse pollution control, increasing climate variability that will require farmers to practice adaptive management is likely to make these mechanisms even more important.     

农村型煤替代散煤采暖对比分析

通过对型煤、散煤元素、热值、工业成分进行分析,以及型煤采暖实际案例测试并与散煤采暖进行模拟计算对比,得出型煤替代散煤采暖,一次PM2.5排放可减少55%,同时农户的采暖费用支出可减少40%,可作为农村散煤燃烧污染治理的一种过渡方案。     

山东省胶州市水污染现状分析与控制对策

针对山东省胶州市地表水的水质现状,分析了水体中污染物质的主要成分和来源;估算了各种污染源的污染负荷,认为农村地区生产、生活产生的面源污染是水体污染的主要原因.利用水体自净、工程截污、生态减污的市政工程与生态工程措施,可防治水环境污染,实现水资源可持续利用.     

Implementation of improved wetland systems as a ‘zero‐discharge‐technology’ in Poland

This paper discusses results from the implementation of a ‘zero‐discharge‐ technology’ primarily for single households, as well as hotels and small residential urban and rural areas. During a 15‐year span, 5600 improved wetland systems (IWS) were built, and approximately 50% of treatment wetlands in Europe are located in Poland. The first section of this paper discusses water and wastewater management and its development trends. Particular attention is paid to creating sustainable water management in rural areas due to increased necessity in these regions. The second section presents the principle of the IWS, which consists of two options. The third section discusses the current requirements regarding the quality of treated wastewater in Poland. The fourth section presents the effectiveness of the implementation of this system by the Institute for Applied Ecology and the further prospects of ‘zero‐discharge‐technology’ development. The last section discusses the obtained results in the reduction of pollution.     

水生态系统服务供需视角下的水网乡村 适应性规划策略——以吴江张鸭荡片区为例

苏南乡村地区一直是中国乡村建设的先行区域,特殊的纵横交错的水网结构构成了一个错综复杂的系统,呈现出其他地区不具有的复杂性和生态特殊性。随着城镇的扩张,乡村的发展建设使其水网空间的平衡发展面临极大的挑战。传统单一静态的规划方法逐渐显示出无法适应经济、社会等发展要求的缺陷。苏南乡村地区以水为核心,从水生态系统服务供需关系的视角下探究水网乡村的适应性规划策略更加适应当前的乡村现状和需求。以传统水网乡村空间形态转译为基础,建立水生态系统供需服务评估体系,在评估水生态系统服务供需能力的基础上,分析供需分异模式及供需矛盾。从构建乡村水域空间生态格局、乡村水域空间功能分区规划,以及乡村水域空间多情景预判3个方面,提出苏南水网乡村的适应性规划策略,并为水网乡村的生态实践提出新思路。     

平原地区农村饮水安全工程质量控制要点

以江苏省沭阳县农村饮水安全工程为例,针对实施过程中容易出现的质量问题,从管材管件质量控制、管道铺设质量控制、地下水源井质量控制等方面入手,从微观的角度阐述了在平原地区农村饮水安全工程实施过程中的质量控制要点,具有较强的可操作性。