镍基高温合金Al-Si渗层高温氧化表面形貌分析

采用无机盐料浆法在镍基高温合金表面制备了Al-Si渗层.依据GB/T13303-91<钢的抗高温氧化性能测定方法>标准,用静态增重的试验方法,对制备了Al-Si渗层和未制备渗层的镍基高温合金进行了1 000℃恒温抗氧化性能试验.利用带能谱分析的扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)进行了渗层表面形貌观察和成分测试并用XRD-6000对氧化后的渗层进行相组成分析.研究结果表明:制备了Al-Si渗层的镍基高温合金在高温氧化过程中,渗层表面已转变成致密完整的α-Al2O3氧化膜,且渗层与基体合金的附着性良好,其抗高温氧化性能明显优于未制备渗层的镍基高温合金.     

三种铝硅涂层的抗氧化性能研究

用无机盐料浆法在K4104镍基高温合金表面制备了渗Al-Si涂层.改变粘结剂中铬酣(CrO3)的添加量得到了三种不同成分的Al-Si涂层.对三种Al-Si涂层进行1000℃×200h高温氧化性能试验,用扫描电镜(带能谱分析)对试样截面进行形貌观察及成分分析,并用Origin软件绘制氧化动力学曲线.研究结果表明,1000℃×200h氧化过程中三种Al-Ai涂层均生成了连续致密的Al2O3氧化膜;涂层外层由不稳定的β-NiAl相(富Al)向稳定的β-NiAl相(富Ni)转变;三种Al-Si涂层均具有良好的抗高温氧化性;添加少量CrO3得到的Al-Si涂层内层形成了连续的富Si"隔层",该"隔层"有利于阻碍合金元素与Al元素的互扩散,从而降低涂层中Al元素的退化速度.     

CrO3添加量对Al-Si涂层抗氧化性影响

用无机盐料浆法在镍基高温合金K4104表面制备了Al-Si涂层。通过改变粘结剂中铬酐(CrO3)的加入量得到三种不同成分的Al-Si涂层。用静态氧化增重法对Al-Si涂层进行了1000℃的抗氧化性试验，用SiRion扫描电镜对涂层的表面形貌和截面组织形态进行分析研究。结果表明。三种成分的Al-Si涂层1000℃均具有良好的抗氧化性。Al-Si涂层表面经短时间氧化后生成了连续的亚稳态θ-Al2O3氧化膜，随着氧化时间的延长，亚稳态的θ-Al2O3向稳态的α-Al2O3转变。添加少量CrO3制备的Al-Si涂层θ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3转变所需的时间最短，而且生成的α-Al2O3氧化膜最致密，其涂层的抗氧化性优于添加大量CrO3制备的Al-Si涂层和不添加CrO3制备的Al-Si涂层。     

K4104镍基高温合金渗Al-Si涂层氧化动力学

用无机盐料浆法在K4104镍基高温合金表面渗AlSi涂层。改变粘结剂中CrO3的添加量制备了三种不同成分的AlSi涂层。采用静态氧化增重法进行1000℃×200h抗氧化性试验。用扫描电镜(带能谱分析仪)对涂层表面形貌及成分进行观察分析,并绘制氧化动力学曲线和拟合氧化动力学方程。结果表明,料浆渗AlSi涂层改善了合金K4104的抗高温氧化性及延长了其使用寿命。粘结剂中添加少量CrO3制备的AlSi涂层具有最佳的抗高温氧化性。三种AlSi涂层都属于完全抗氧化级。     

K444合金铝硅渗层的高温氧化行为分析

采用料浆法在K444镍基高温合金表面制备Al-Si涂层。依据HB5258-2000《钢及高温合金抗氧化性测定试验方法》标准,采用静态增重法对有涂层试样和无涂层试样进行了1000℃×200 h抗高温氧化性能试验,并绘制了氧化动力学曲线。用能谱扫描电镜对渗层原始组织和氧化膜的截面形貌进行分析,研究有无涂层试样在高温氧化过程中的元素扩散。结果表明带有Al-Si涂层的K444合金具有良好的抗高温氧化能力。     

高温合金Al-Si涂层抗高温氧化性能的研究

采用热扩散的方法 ,在K4 38高温合金表面制备了Al Si涂层。经 10 0 0℃× 5 0 0h高温氧化性能试验结果表明 ,K4 38镍基高温合金表面的涂层 ,在高温氧化过程中已转变成致密完整的α Al2 O3氧化层和富铝的 β NiAl和富镍的β NiAl化合物层 ,与基体金属的粘附性良好。Al Si涂层中Si元素的扩散和合理分布能有效的抑制β相的生长 ,延长涂层的退化速度 ,使涂层获得更佳的抗高温氧化性     

K4104合金渗Al涂层抗高温氧化性能研究

采用料浆法在K4104合金表面进行热扩散渗铝,经1000℃×200h高温氧化性试验,用扫描电镜观察氧化后涂层的表面形貌。结果表明,渗Al涂层在氧化过程中已转变成连续致密的-αAl2O3氧化层和富铝的-βNiAl化合物层,使基体合金得到有效地保护,渗Al涂层具有良好的抗高温氧化性能。     

电泳共沉积NiCoCrAlY粘结层制备及抗高温氧化研究

目的 分析研究Ni基合金与粘结层之间的扩散和界面反应规律,以及其对热障涂层的抗高温氧化性能和工作寿命的影响.方法 采用电泳共沉积、真空致密化处理,在K17镍基高温合金表面制备NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层,并进行1000℃×100 h抗高温氧化实验,采用XRD、SEM、EDS分析NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层在高温氧化过程中合金元素的扩散规律.结果 高温氧化动力学曲线表明,氧化100 h制备的NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层的氧化速率为17.2134 mg/cm2,远低于K17镍基高温合金的.Ni由涂层向基体内扩散,Cr和Co向外扩散,Al向界面处扩散.电泳沉积制备的NiCoCrAlY粘结层经真空致密化处理后,涂层均匀、致密,粘结层主要由Ni3 Al、Al3 Y5 O12、Cr23 C6以及α-Al2 O3等组成.结论 NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层的抗高温氧化性高于K17镍基高温合金,在高温氧化过程中,α-Al2 O3氧化膜提高了NiCoCrAlY粘结涂层的高温抗氧化性.Ti主要来自基体的缺陷中,随着高温氧化作用,获得了由基体向外扩散所需要的能量,并且同时与氧反应生成TiO,TiO容易在粘结层表面形成泡状物质,Ti的扩散对粘结层的致密度与均匀度造成一定的影响.     

K4104合金NiCrAlYSi涂层的抗高温氧化性能

采用电弧离子镀在K4104合金表面沉积了NiCrAlYSi涂层,对制备了NiCrAlYSi涂层的K4104试样和原始试样在相同环境下进行1100℃×300h的高温氧化试验。结果表明:无涂层的K4104合金的表面氧化膜主要由Cr2O3和少量的TiO2组成,基体内部出现了内氧化;制备了NiCrAlYSi涂层的K4104合金,其氧化膜成分主要为α-Al2O3、Cr2O3及少量的TiO2、NiO和NiCr2O4;氧化膜在氧化初期对基体有着良好的保护作用,虽然氧化膜在后期出现了一些剥落和孔隙,基体内部出现了一些孔洞,但此时涂层对基体仍有一定的保护作用。     

镍基高温合金渗Al-Si涂层抗高温氧化性能研究

用料浆法在DZ4镍基高温合金表面“二次”制备Al-Si涂层，依据GB／T13303-91对DZ4合金料浆渗铝硅试样进行1100℃×300h抗高温氧化实验。为便于比较，DZ4裸合金也进行了同炉氧化实验。用SEM、XRD对氧化后的表面及截面形貌、相组成进行了分析。结果表明，DZ4合金渗Al-Si涂层的氧化动力学曲线基本遵循抛物线规律，其抗氧化性能优于DZ4裸合金。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.