非对称刚度转轴的参激共振和分叉分析

研究非对称刚度转轴的参激共振和分叉。用Hamilton原理导出运动微分方程 ,这是刚度系数周期性变化的参激振动方程 ,再用平均法求得平均方程 ,分叉响应方程和定常解。讨论了横截面的不对称性 ,外阻尼和非线性对幅频响应曲线的影响 ,最后用奇异性理论分析定常解的稳定性和分叉。     

摆线针轮传动建模方法与固有特性分析

以摆线针轮传动系统为研究对象,基于集中质量法建立了弯扭耦合的非线性动力学模型,考虑摆线轮的偏心运动以及摆线轮与针轮啮合的时变刚度、齿侧间隙及传动误差的影响,运用拉格朗日法求得系统的运动微分方程。针对系统微分方程的半正定、变参数和强非线性特点,以摆线轮与针轮啮合位置的相对啮合位移作为系统的广义坐标,运用线性变换将方程组转换为统一形式的矩阵形式,并对方程进行了无量纲处理。通过计算得到了系统的固有频率和无量纲频率,并对固有频率的影响因素进行了分析。     

阻尼分段阶梯传动轴主共振的分析

阶梯传动轴的主共振与轴的运动稳定性和振幅突变性等有关。用质心运动定理、Heaviside函数建立了非惯性系下倾斜两端支承阶梯传动轴的非线性弯曲振动偏微分动力学方程，并根据相邻轴段的衔接面处位移相等的条件，得到阶梯轴的当量轴及其动力学方程；用Galerkin法得到当量轴的弯曲运动方程，用多尺度法求得稳态下当量轴的主共振的一次近似定常解，分析了影响阶梯传动轴主共振的因素、运动稳定性、振幅突变性等。提出了新的求解阶梯轴非线性弯曲振动分段偏微分动力学方程的方法及当量轴模型，得到了阶梯传动轴与当量轴的主共振特性相同的结论。利用当量轴可方便地分析阶梯传动轴的主共振。     

Modelling of a rotor-ball bearings system using Timoshenko beam and effects of rotating shaft on their dynamics

This study has focused on the influence of rotating shaft on the dynamics of rotor-ball bearings system. A mathematical modelling of the system has been carried out by considering shaft as rotating Timoshenko beam model. The radial force of rotor unbalance varied with rotating speed. The contact between balls and races is considered as nonlinear spring, whose stiffness is obtained by using Hertzian contact deformation theory. After the modelling for shaft, the governing equation of bearing are derived. The proposed mathematical model is validated experimentally. Moreover, the proposed model is also validated with previous published studies. The bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent are presented to define the state of the system as a function of rotational speed. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and phase trajectory are used to investigate the influence of the shaft under dynamics of the system.     

斜齿轮柔性转子轴承系统非线性动力学分析

考虑齿侧间隙、轴承径向间隙、齿轮不平衡力,使用有限元法建立质量矩阵、刚度矩阵、阻尼矩阵并组装成整体参数矩阵,建立了适用于斜齿轮柔性转子滚动轴承系统的非线性动力学模型。采用Runge-Kutta法求解,并分析系统的动力学行为。研究了转速、转轴刚度、不平衡力对斜齿轮系统非线性动力学行为的影响规律。结果表明：随着转速的变化,系统将经历周期、拟周期、混沌等多种运动状态;随着转轴刚度的减小,混沌运动的区间减小,振幅大小发生改变;不平衡力增大后,系统混沌区间增大,混沌运动的区间也发生改变。     

根据运动的合成与分解设计凸轮廓线的解析法

根据运动的合成与分解原理 ,将移动从动件相对于凸轮的复杂平面运动分解为简单的往复运动和定轴转动 ,建立定坐标系和动坐标系 ;然后求出凸轮的理论轮廓和实际轮廓相对于动坐标系的直角坐标方程 ,最后采用坐标旋转变换就得到了凸轮的理论轮廓和实际轮廓相对于定坐标系的直角坐标方程 ,从而为凸轮的设计提供了一种简便实用的新方法     

计及二阶效应的大位移柔性梁杆系统动力学分析

结合小变形条件下梁杆单元精确有限元方法和大位移随动坐标法,建立了计及二阶效应的大位移运动柔性梁单元的动力学方程.首先从小变形结构入手,建立考虑二阶效应的柔性梁压弯力学模型,推导出二阶理论条件下平面压弯梁的精确有限元方程,进而获取二阶理论条件下梁单元精确刚度阵.运用大位移随动坐标法建立大位移几何非线性弹性梁杆单元平衡方程,使用柔性多体动力学的相对描述方法推导大位移梁单元在局部坐标系下的动力学方程.通过结点位移、速度和加速度在随动坐标系与整体坐标系间的相互关系得到梁单元在整体坐标系下的包含二阶效应的动力学方程.对某型港口起重机臂架系统的变幅工况进行了计及二阶效应的弹性动力分析.     

一种新的非线性振动物理模型

为建立合理反映损伤的混凝土结构振动控制方程,考虑损伤结构引起的拍振现象,引入弹簧线圈和阻尼线圈,分别串联组成复刚度弹簧和复阻尼器,建立一种新的非线性振动物理模型,通过构建等效刚度和等效阻尼,给出一般化振动方程的数学模型和关键参数的物理意义解释。最后通过对单自由度自由振动的能量分析,建立结构损伤与控制方程关键参数的单调变化关系,为寻找反映结构非线性损伤变化的识别指标提供了另一种思路。     

On the Dynamics of Lubricated Cylindrical Roller Bearings,Part II: Linear and Nonlinear Vibration Analysis

This article is the second part of two companion papers. In the first article, curve-fitted relations of stiffness and damping coefficients of a single roller-to-race contact of lubricated roller bearings were developed. In the present work, these relations are applied to a rotor–bearing system. Two cases are studied to investigate the influence of lubricated cylindrical roller bearings on the vibration characteristics of the rotor system. In the first case, lubricated contacts are simulated as a linear spring–damper model. The overall stiffness and damping matrices are calculated by using the dynamic coefficients of individual load sharing rollers. These matrices are used in the finite element analysis of flexible rotor. In the second case, the nonlinear structural vibration of a lubricated cylindrical roller bearing is studied. Equations of motion of bearing elements are derived using the Lagrange equation. A nonlinear load–deflection contact model developed through the derived curve-fitted relations of dynamic coefficients is used in the equations of motion. Equations of motion are solved by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration method. The response of bearing elements under free vibration and due to rotating unbalance is studied for damped and undamped cases. Furthermore, results obtained using elastohydrodynamic finite and infinite contact theories are compared.     

Dynamic characteristics of rotating pretwisted clamped-clamped beam under thermal stress

Effects of thermal stress on the vibration characteristics, buckling limit and critical speed of a rotating pretwisted beam clamped to rigid hub at a stagger angle were investigated. By considering the work done by thermal stress, the thermal influence on stiffness matrix was introduced in the dynamic model. The motion equations were derived based on Lagrange equation by employing three pure Cartesian deformation variables combined with nonlinear von Karman strain formula. Numerical investigations studied the modal characteristics of the beam. Numerical results calculated from a commercial finite element code and obtained with the present modeling method were in good agreement with the previous results reported in the literature. The combined softening effects due to the thermal stress and the rotation motion were observed. Furthermore, it is shown that the inclusion of thermal stress is necessary for blades operating under a high temperature field. Buckling thermal loads and the critical rotating speed were calculated through solving the corresponding nonlinear equations numerically, and some pertinent conclusions are outlined. It is also found that the peak value position of the first mode shape approaches to the tip of blade with the increment of rotating speed and hub radius. However, the variation in the environment temperature causes only a slight alteration in the mode shape.     

非线性刚度转子系统主共振解析分析

研究具有非线性刚度转子系统的主共振特性。用平均法求得非线性转子系统的平均方程、频率响应方程和主共振频率响应曲线，得到该转子系统幅频曲线的拐弯、跳跃和滞后现象，并给出系统的稳定性特征方程，为分析非线性转子系统运动特性提供理论依据。     

裂纹转子不平衡响应的有限元分析

首先由应力强度因子积分得到含裂纹轴段单元体的刚度矩阵，继而建立了含裂纹转子系统的运动微分方程。通过数值计算得到含裂纹转子系统的振动特性随裂纹的开闭、随裂纹的位置及深度间的变化关系。选定对裂纹比较敏感、又能反映结构动力特性的不平衡响应轨道（轴心轨迹）作为诊断裂纹的依据，编制了不平衡响应计算和动力分析程序。仿真试验结果表明，本文的裂纹诊断的有限元分析方法是可行的，具有较高的精度。     

Crack detection, localization and estimation of the depth in a turbo rotor

The goal of this paper is to describe an advanced method of a crack detection: a new way to localize position and to estimate depth of a crack on rotating shaft. As a first step, the shaft is physically modelled with a finite element method and the dynamic mathematical model is derived using the Hamilton principle; thus, the system is represented by various subsystems. The equations of motion of the shaft with a crack are established by adapting the local stiffness change through breathing and gaping from the crack to an undamaged shaft. This is the reference system for the given system. Based on a model for transient behavior induced from vibration measured at the bearings, a nonlinear state observer is designed to detect cracks on the shaft. This is the elementary NL-observer (Beo). Using the observer, an Estimator (Observer Bank) is established and arranged at the certain position on the shaft. When a crack position is localized, the procedure for estimating of the depth is engaged.     

Simulation and Control of an Active Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing

This study developed an active tilting-pad journal bearing with a feedback control system to regulate the orbit of a rotating shaft. The control is implemented by means of linear actuators installed behind the pivot of each pad, which allow the radial motion of the pads in real time. The control design uses the linear feedback of the state variables of the bearing-rotor system, with the feedback gains determined by the optimization of a quadratic performance index. The optimization is based on a linear spring-mass model that incorporates the direct stiffness and damping elements associated with each of the bearing pads. This linear model is found by the simulation of the system under small perturbations using a nonlinear Reynolds equation model. The nonlinear model is capable of simulating the radial motions of the pads by the actuators and is used to verify the effectiveness of the feedback control. It is shown that certain design parameters in the quadratic performance index may be used to determine both the stiffness and the damping of the closed-loop bearing system and that the shaft orbit can be thereby suitably regulated.     

Simulation on the motion of crankshaft with a slant crack in crankpin

A new model for vibration analysis of a crankshaft with a slant crack in crankpin is proposed, and the influence of crack depth on the transient response of a cracked crankshaft is investigated. A slant cracked shaft element is developed by deducing the local flexibility due to a slant crack. The frequently occurred slant crack in crankpin is studied, and a new finite element model of crankshaft including the slant crack in crankpin, which combines the slant cracked shaft element and Timoshenko beam elements, is derived. The support of engine block and the switching behaviour of the crack are considered, and the non-linear equation of motion for cracked crankshaft-bearing system is set up in a rotating coordinate system. The motion of a crankshaft of a four in-line cylinder engine with and without an initial crack is simulated. The influence of the crack depth on the transient response is investigated. The numerical simulation demonstrates that the current model is valid for simulating the motion of cracked crankshaft system. The results show that a useful foundation is laid for crack detection of crankshaft.     

Investigation on steady state deformation and free vibration of a rotating inclined Euler beam

The steady state deformation and infinitesimal free vibration around the steady state deformation of a rotating inclined Euler beam at constant angular velocity are investigated by the corotational finite element method combined with floating frame method. The element nodal forces are derived using the consistent second order linearization of the nonlinear beam theory, the d'Alembert principle and the virtual work principle in a current inertia element coordinates, which is coincident with a rotating element coordinate system constructed at the current configuration of the beam element. The rotating element coordinates rotate about the hub axis at the angular speed of the hub. The equations of motion of the system are defined in terms of an inertia global coordinate system, which is coincident with a rotating global coordinate system rigidly tied to the rotating hub. Numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method and to investigate the steady state deformation and natural frequency of the rotating inclined beam.     

旋转机械耦合传动系统参激振动分析与控制

以一类旋转机械传动系统的扭振为研究对象,考虑轴系时变刚度变化和非线性摩擦阻尼力的影响,根据Lagrange原理建立了一类旋转机械传动系统的耦合非线性动力学方程,利用多尺度方法推导出了系统的平均方程,并根据Hopf分岔理论给出了系统发生Hopf分岔的充要条件及周期运动稳定性的判别方法,分析了参数共振和内共振条件下系统的分岔特性。为抑制传动系统因亚临界Hopf分岔引起的失稳振荡,引入非线性反馈控制,对系统的Hopf分岔点进行转移并控制周期运动的稳定性和幅值。研究结果为非线性旋转机械参激振动的分析及控制提供了有效方法。     

直升机复合材料传动轴的主共振分岔分析

传动轴主共振分岔时,振幅突变,有可能运动失稳。在根据质心定理和Galerk in法求得非惯性移动系下直升机的倾斜两端支承纤维增强复合材料传动轴的弯曲运动方程基础上,用多尺度法求得稳态下主共振的分岔方程,再分析了运动稳定性、幅频响应曲线的拓扑结构等主共振分岔问题。得到了复合材料传动轴比钢、铝合金传动轴运动稳定性好等结论。提出通过加大阻尼使传动轴主共振不分岔。在挠度大的轴段上增加阻尼能使传动轴主共振不分岔,并能充分发挥阻尼的作用,优化轴的重量。     

Nonlinear vibration analysis of an axially moving drillstring system with time dependent axial load and axial velocity in inclined well

In this paper a nonlinear model was developed for a drillstring system in deviated well with axially moving motion and axial loading, using the perturbation techniques.The drillstring was considered as a simply supported axially moving rotor. Governing equations of motion were obtained based on Hamilton's principle and method of multiple scales was employed to solve the nonlinear motion equations in order to obtain the steady state response and stability region of the system.Then the effects of rotating speed, axial compression load, imbalance mass and nonlinear fluid force on the drillstring responses were investigated in detail and nonlinear natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes were presented.Analytical and numerical results reveal the rich and interesting nonlinear phenomena such as primary and parametric resonance that is being investigated for the first time in this study on the nonlinear vibration of the drillstring system.Finally in effort to validate the theoretical approach employed in this study, the numerical solutions obtained here were compared with a set of existing experimental data.     

Dynamic analysis of harmonically excited non-linear structure system using harmonic balance method

An analytical method is presented for evaluation of the steady state periodic behavior of nonlinear structural systems. This method is based on the substructure synthesis formulation and a harmonic balance procedure, which is applied to the analysis of nonlinear responses. A complex nonlinear system is divided into substructures, of which equations are approximately transformed to modal coordinates including nonlinear term under the reasonable procedure. Then, the equations are synthesized into the overall system and the nonlinear solution for the system is obtained. Based on the harmonic balance method, the proposed procedure reduces the size of large degrees-of-freedom problem in the solving nonlinear equations. Feasibility and advantages of the proposed method are illustrated using the study of the nonlinear rotating machine system as a large mechanical structure system. Results obtained are reported to be an efficient approach with respect to nonlinear response prediction when compared with other conventional methods.