Finite-element analysis and design of binder wraps for automobile sheet metal parts using surface boundary condition

The forming of automobile sheet metal parts in a draw die consists of clamping a blank by binders to form a binder wrap and drawing the blank into the final part. This paper proposes a numerical method to calculate the binder wrap. A blank is composed of two regions: the contact region with the die face and the noncontact region of the die cavity. In this study, surface boundary condition is suggested for calculating the configuration of the binder wrap. Surface boundary condition means that the three-dimensional geometric data of the die face are used as the base for the displacement boundary condition of the finite-element analysis. To verify the validity of the proposed method, the binder wraps of complicated automobile parts, including a front fender and a trunk lid, are analyzed.     

镀锌钢板脉冲电弧钎焊接头界面组织及性能分析

采用脉冲钨极氩弧钎焊使用CuSi3钎料对镀锌钢板进行了连接.主要研究脉冲频率变化对接头界面组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,当电弧脉冲频率由100 Hz增加到2 000 Hz时,电弧钎焊熔池的搅拌和冲刷作用效果逐渐增强,促进了界面须状金属间化合物的破碎行为和熔池成分过冷区域的增加,使得钎料区域内部Fe5Si3(Cu)强化相数量不断增多,弥散宽度变宽,由40 μm增加到120 μm,接头显微硬度最大值也相应增加,由175 MPa增加到204 MPa.     

钢板刚度特性的影响因素

刚度属于冲压件的使用性能，是弹性范围内抵抗外力载荷的能力。关于冲压件刚度的影响因素，至今没有明确的结论。本文创造性地以原始钢板为研究对象，利用动力显式有限元仿真软件，分析了不同厚度、不同强度钢板的刚度特性，揭示了厚度、强度、弹性模量、泊松比等因素对钢板刚度的影响因素，从而为揭示冲压件刚度特性的影响因素奠定了良好的基础。     

工艺参数对热镀锌钢板拉深成形性能的影响

充分发挥计算机数值模拟与物理实验相结合进行研究的优点，运用正交分析方法，针对影响热镀锌钢板拉深成形性能的主要工艺参数(凹模圆角半径、凸模圆角半径、压边力以及润滑剂)进行正交试验，得出以上4种工艺参数对热镀锌钢板成形性能影响的显著性指标，并对工艺参数进行了优化组合。     

Surface topography evolvement of galvanized steels in sheet metal forming

U-channel forming tests were performed to investigate the surface topography evolvement of hot-dip galvanized(GI) and galvannealed(GA) steels and the effects of die hardness on sheet metal forming(SMF). Experimental results indicate that the surface roughness values of the two galvanized steels increase with the number of forming, i.e., the surface topographies of galvanized steels are roughened in SMF. Moreover, GI steel has a better ability of damage-resistance than GA steel. The mechanisms of topography evolvement are different in the forming of GI and GA steels. Scratch is the main form of surface damage in the forming of GI steels. The severity of scratch can be decreased by increasing die hardness. GA steel results in exfoliating of the coating firstly and then severe scratching. The surface topography of galvannealed steels can be improved by increasing die hardness. However, the hardness should not be too high.     

退火工艺对SPCC-SD冷轧板组织和性能的影响

在实验室条件下，研究了罩式退火工艺对SPCC-SD冷轧板组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明．在再结晶的低温区（580～620℃）退火和采用双台阶退火，SPCC-SD冷轧板均具有较细的铁索体品粒、较高的屈服强度和抗拉强度。     

Experimental and finite element analysis for fracture of coating layer of galvannealed steel sheet

Mechanical properties of galvannealed (GA) steel sheet used for automotive exposed panel and predicted failure phenomenon of its coating layer were evaluated using finite element method. V-bending test was performed to understand better the fracture of coating layer of GA steel sheet during plastic deformation. Yield strength of the coating layer was calculated by using a relative difference between hardness of coating layer measured from the nano-indentation test and that of substrate. To measure shearing strength at the interface between substrate and coating layer, shearing test with two specimens attached by an adhesive was carried out. Using the mechanical properties measured, a series of finite element analyses coupled with a failure model was performed. Results reveal that the fracture of coating layer occurs in an irregular manner at the region where compressive deformation is dominant. Meanwhile, a series of vertical cracks perpendicular to material surface are observed at the tensile stressed-region. It is found that 0.26-0.28 of local equivalent plastic strain exists at the coating and substrate at the beginning of failure. The fracture of coating layer depends on ductility of the coating layer considerably as well.     

连续退火工艺对低碳铝镇静钢性能的影响

利用正交试验方案,在多功能连续退火模拟器(Multipas)平台上对低碳铝镇静钢板进行了连续退火工艺试验,结合方差分析方法研究了连续退火工艺对低碳铝镇静钢性能的影响.结果表明,在700～720℃之间退火低碳钢板的屈服强度随退火温度的升高而降低;在575～600℃缓冷对低碳钢力学性能有一定影响,过时效温度、快冷温度对力学性能影响不显著.     

A study of tailored blank welding between mild steel sheet and zn-coated steel sheet by CO2 laser beam

Research was conducted on tailored blank welding between mild steel sheet and Zn-coated steel sheet using CO₂ laser beam. The materials used in this study were low carbon steel sheets with a thickness of 1.2 mm and Zn-coated steel sheet with the same thickness and 6.3 μm Zn coating. Experiments were conducted by applying the Taguchi method to obtain optimum conditions for the application of this tailored blank laser welding method in practical manufacturing processes. Optical microscopy, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis were performed to observe the microstructures and to determine the structures of welded zone. In addition, mechanical properties were measured by the microhardness test, tensile test and Erichsen test to evaluate the formability of the welded specimen. There was no trapped Zn in the fusion zone, and the phases of this region consisted of polygonal ferrite, quasi-polygonal ferrite, banitic ferrite and martensite. The elongation value of welded specimen was more than 80% of the value in substrate metal, and the LDH value was more than 90% of the value in substrate metal.     

电冰箱侧板用冷轧钢板锈蚀原因分析

对电冰箱侧板用冷轧薄板磷化处理前的腐蚀问题进行了研究,比较不同工艺段（清洗前,清洗后,罩式退火后和连续退火后）钢板的耐蚀性。结果表明,罩式炉退火过程中退火温度过高,退火时间过长,造成钢板表面Mn元素富集,主要成分为氧化锰,析出的氧化锰与金属Fe构成了腐蚀微电池,使钢板表面Fe原子的活性增强,从而降低钢板的耐腐蚀性。     

调修对车体用不锈钢薄板焊件力学性能的影响

研究车体用2 mm不锈钢材料X2Cr Ni N18-7及其焊接薄板通过火焰调修后的力学性能。采用低温、中温和高温三种温度分别对不锈钢母材、焊接钢板的焊缝进行火焰调修,获得了调修温度对母材、焊缝以及调修后焊缝的屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率和硬度的影响规律。结果表明:采用较高温度火焰调修能够获得焊缝区域屈服强度524 MPa、抗拉强度760 MPa和延伸率22.0%,性能良好。火焰调修能够提高焊缝及熔合区的硬度,但调修温度在450℃~850℃之间时,调修温度对硬度的影响并不显著。     

塑性变形导致的镀锌板基体表面粗糙化现象

以热镀锌板单向拉伸试验为基础,运用化学退镀以及随后的基体表面粗糙度测量和横截面标记观测等试验手段,比较了塑性变形前后基体表面及界面的形貌,得出,塑性变形过程中,基体表面作为界面的一部分会产生粗糙化现象,但这种粗糙化会受到镀锌层的抑制,因此界面并不会出现明显的形貌变化,然而这种基体表面粗糙化所产生的应力,可能导致界面失效。     

冷轧IF钢板的快速退火

采用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术对冷轧IF钢板快速退火后的再结晶晶粒尺寸、晶界特征分布和显微织构进行了研究,并测试了退火钢板的力学性能。结果表明,快速退火后,IF钢板晶粒细小且分布均匀,呈现强烈的{111}//ND再结晶织构。随缓冷时间的延长,IF钢板的再结晶晶粒无明显长大,但低能晶界的数量增加;其规定非比例延伸强度Rp0.2急剧降低,断后伸长率显著升高,抗拉强度略有下降,n值和r值变化不大。     

汽车板单向拉伸过程中变形热实验研究及有限元分析

文章针对汽车用钢板进行单向拉伸变形热实验研究及有限元分析,通过进行不同速度下的单向拉伸变形热试验,获得了试件表面温升的变化规律,结果表明,试件靠近颈缩部位的温升最高,由颈缩部位向试件两端温升值逐渐降低;随着变形速度的提高,试件表面温升值逐渐增加;采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行了不同速度下的单拉变形热数值模拟,与试验结果对比分析表明,有限元结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Finite element analysis for delamination of laminated vibration damping steel sheet

The material structure of laminated vibration damping steel sheet（LVDSS） was introduced in detail. An interface cohesive model between the skin sheets was developed by using a contact/interface approach, and the model was applied to simulate ＂T＂-peel and lap-shear processes of LVDSS. The interface contact stress distribution during the ＂T＂-peel and lap-shear processes is obtained, and the finite element analysis（FEA） results agree satisfactorily with the corresponding experimental results. As a result, the model is suitable to simulate the cohesive of LVDSS     

过时效处理对冷轧超高强马氏体钢板组织与性能的影响

对冷轧1100 MPa和1500 MPa级超高强马氏体钢板进行了不同温度（200～400 ℃）和时间（120～360 s）的过时效处理,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验机等手段分析了过时效处理对马氏体钢板组织与性能的影响。结果表明,随着过时效温度的升高和时间的延长,抗拉强度下降,断后伸长率逐渐升高;屈服强度在250 ℃时先升高,250～300 ℃相对稳定,而后呈逐渐降低趋势。对两种以马氏体相为主的超高强钢经250 ℃´240 s过时效处理后,均可得到强塑性结合良好的综合性能,当过时效温度高于300 ℃,保温时间为360 s时,马氏体大量分解,抗拉强度和屈服强度显著下降。     

Frictional behavior of the sliding interface between an A2 steel die and zinc-coated steel sheet

The forming of coated sheet steel products is performed for a wide range of processing conditions. This article examines the effects of die history on the frictional nature of the sheet-die interface. It has been found that as successive tests are performed on a die from the as-lapped condition to the “run-in” condition, the die surface morphology changes significantly and the coefficient of friction, μ, decreases. Changes in surface roughness as well as scratch formation on the die are believed to affect the nature of the die-workpiece, lubricant interaction. The findings in this study suggest that the extensive polishing procedures used in the manufacture of new stamping dies should be carefully reevaluated.     

高强度钢板电阻焊研究进展

高强度钢板具有高屈服强度、高韧性及较高的能量吸收率和疲劳强度,以及优良的成型性能和高烘烤硬化性能、防撞凹性能等优点,广泛应用于汽车外壳及车体结构件的制造。高强度钢板工业生产线的批量生产及汽车组装过程多采用电阻焊,随着钢板强度化的提高,焊接难度加大,限制了高强度钢板的大范围应用。从薄板连续退火及连续镀锌生产线中的头-尾连接、汽车用同种钢板焊接、汽车用异种材质焊接三种不同工艺形式方面阐述了高强度钢板电阻点焊、缝焊的研究进展,指出异种材质的电阻焊研究及电阻缝焊数值模拟研究还有待加强,同时展望了未来高强度钢板电阻焊的发展方向。     

321不锈钢薄板焊接变形控制

以硫磺回收装置液硫池顶板内侧防腐用不锈钢薄板焊接为例,采取必要的工艺措施和控制方法,可以有效防止不锈钢薄板产生焊接变形,确保整个池顶板安装及浇筑的质量。     

304不锈钢薄板激光焊搭接接头组织及性能

研究0.8 mm厚度304不锈钢薄板的搭接连续激光焊工艺,分析接头的显微组织和部分力学性能。与电阻缝焊接头进行比较,结果表明:激光焊成形良好,在适当的工艺规范下,激光焊和电阻缝焊的水压试验都可以达到8.0 MPa;激光焊的热影响区更窄并且焊缝中组织为奥氏体;较电阻缝焊焊缝呈更均匀、细小的柱状晶;两种焊接方法的拉伸剪切试验的断裂位置均位于母材。