变缆长拖缆AUV纵向运动建模与仿真

针对拖缆自主水下航行器（AUV）运动过程中引起的拖缆长度变化问题,采用集中质量法建市了拖缆的运动方程,根据刚体动量定理及动量矩定理建赢了拖缆AUV的纵向运动方程,在此基础上补充推导了AUV拖缆运动过程的变缆长边界方程。联市拖缆运动方程、AUV纵向运动方程及边界方程得到变缆长拖缆AUV纵向运动方程。基于此方程,应用4阶Runge—Kutta法对采用相同控制律方程的兀缆及有缆AUV进行了对比运动仿真。仿真结果表明,随着运动过程中拖缆长度的不断增长,拖缆对AUV的作用力不断增大,对AUV各运动参数的影响也不断增大,且对AUV轴向运动速度的影响最为明显。     

基于混合扩展卡尔曼滤波的超空泡航行体变深运动控制研究

为解决测量和环境噪声导致的超空泡航行体在变深运动中的失稳问题,提出一种基于混合扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的控制方法。进行水洞实验获取超空泡航行体模型在控制过程中的测量和环境噪声,采用这些数据改进了超空泡航行体的纵向运动数学模型;基于混合扩展卡尔曼滤波算法改进了超空泡航行体变深运动控制器。仿真结果表明,混合扩展卡尔曼滤波算法能够有效地提高超空泡航行体变深运动的稳定性。     

远程AUV近水面运动纵向模糊滑模控制

针对自主水下航行器（AUV）近水面航行过程中波浪扰动的问题,研究了模糊滑模控制在AUV近水面纵向运动控制中的应用。在AUV六自由度非线性模型的基础上进行合理的近似和简化,建立了线性化纵向运动方程。根据随机长峰波理论和波浪谱密度函数对AUV受到的波浪力和力矩进行了数值计算和仿真。基于滑模控制方法设计了AUV纵向运动控制器,对1阶波浪力扰动下的深度控制性能进行了分析,并通过在滑模控制器的基础上引入模糊逻辑解决1阶波频扰动引起的控制输入高频抖动问题。近水面深度控制计算机仿真结果表明,所设计的模糊滑模控制器在保持良好的控制性能的基础上能够达到减弱舵角高频抖动的目的。     

自主水下航行器网络化控制系统事件触发鲁棒控制

随着自主水下航行器(AUV)功能的日益复杂,基于现场总线的(如CAN总线)的网络化控制系统(NCS)已经广泛应用于国内外的大中型AUV中。AUV系统中网络带宽等计算资源一般是有限的,需要在保证控制性能下进行合理分配。提出了一种考虑网络延迟的AUV空间运动事件触发控制策略设计方法。首先,基于不确定离散切换模型对事件触发传输且具有时变传输延迟的AUV纵向、侧向运动系统进行建模;然后,基于线性矩阵不等式对事件触发机制、控制律进行联合设计;最后,通过仿真实验,评估控制策略性能。结果表明,与基于时间触发的控制策略相比,提出的方法能够使AUV控制系统在满足控制性能要求的同时减少带宽占用率。     

动能拦截器的动态滑模变结构姿控规律设计

研究了动能拦截器的动态滑模变结构姿态控制规律的设计.首先,建立了系统的纵向姿态运动模型,然后利用滑模变结构控制理论设计了控制规律,最后在考虑发动机最小作用冲量的基础上对控制规律进行了改进.该控制规律简单易行,仿真表明了该控制规律的有效性.     

无速度测量下基于信息耦合度的自主水下航行器分群控制算法

自主水下航行器（AUV）的分群控制,表征为AUV群集在外部刺激下自发分裂成多个子群的行为。针对无速度测量下AUV群集（SAUV）的分群控制问题,提出了一种基于信息耦合度的分群控制算法。该算法利用信息耦合度表征AUV间的交互作用强度,并通过对个体运动的动态调节实现群集行为的分化。在此基础上,针对AUV分群过程中无速度测量的情况,通过设计分布式观测器对邻居速度信息进行实时估计,并将最大信息耦合度邻居的位置信息融入分群控制律中,实现了外部刺激下AUV群集的自发分群运动。理论分析和仿真实验均验证了所提分群控制算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于变结构控制理论的反鱼雷鱼雷纵向运动控制建模与仿真

研究了变结构控制技术在反鱼雷鱼雷（ATT）纵向运动控制中的应用,建立了鱼雷航行纵向运动数学模型与变结构控制模型。仿真分析可知,该控制系统具有很好的动态特性,对模型参数具有高鲁棒性、系统稳定性及很强的抗干扰能力。研究结果表明,采用变结构控制方法能解决反鱼雷鱼雷纵向运动控制中存在的参数不确定和抗干扰问题。     

动能拦截器的动态滑模变结构姿控规律设计

研究了动能拦截器的动态滑模变结构姿态控制规律的设计。首先，建立了系统的纵向姿态运动模型，然后利用滑模变结构控制理论设计了控制规律，最后在考虑发动机最小作用冲量的基础上对控制规律进行了改进。该控制规律简单易行，仿真表明了该控制规律的有效性。     

鱼雷姿态系统的输出反馈变结构控制研究

对于含有非匹配不确定性及外部干扰的控制模型,通过状态变换,将原系统分为内部状态和切换变量两个子系统。选取适当的切换函数,利用不完全状态变量作为输出反馈,设计了变结构滑模控制律。运用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了当模型含有非匹配不确定性,且具有外部干扰,输入矩阵也含有不确定性时,所设计的控制律保证了状态轨迹对于滑模面的可达性和滑模面的稳定性。通过对切换控制量的改进,消除了控制量的颤振。以基于小扰动原理化简后的某型鱼雷纵向姿态控制模型为例,仿真结果表明了设计方法的有效性。     

基于PC104与分布式CAN总线的远程AUV悬停系统

在传统AUV的设计的基础上,采用PC104硬件和分布式CAN总线通信技术,构造了一种开放的开发架构,可以根据实际需要融合大量传感器;软件设计基于VXWORKS实时操作系统,可方便扩展各种功能;AUV悬停控制系统采用变结构滑模控制算法,比传统的PID控制算法适应性更广;对远程AUV的工程设计有较好的参考价值。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.