聚氨酯泡沫原位提取培养紫草细胞生产紫草色素

在紫草细胞培养过程中影响紫草色素进一步合成的重要因素之一是色素在细胞内大量积累，为促进紫草色素向胞外分泌，建立了一种新的培养体系，即以聚氨酯泡沫作为色素吸附介质，加入到细胞培养液中原位吸附提取培养紫草细胞生产紫草色素。结果表明：聚氨酯泡沫的加入明显促进紫草色素的合成及分泌，细胞合成的９５％（质量分数，下同）以上的色素被聚氨酯泡沫吸咐分离，同时也发现在培养早期（０４ｄ）加入适量的（９ｇ／Ｌ）聚氨酯泡沫可使色素产量提高３０８倍。采用丙酮和乙醇洗脱吸附的紫草色素具有优良的解吸效果。另外，试验还比较了原位提取培养体系与非原位提取培养体系细胞对蔗糖利用情况以及ｐＨ值变化情况。     

紫草细胞培养液中色素提取方法的研究

紫划细胞培养生产紫草色素，有一部分紫草色素外泌到培养液中。由于培养液体积大，产物含量低，因此如何将色素加以回收是该项技术产业化的关键之一。本文分别采用萃取法，沉淀法和吸附法研究色素回收问题，发现用沉淀法和吸附法代替传统萃取法提取培养液中的紫草色素，可使紫草细胞培养生产紫草色素产物提取等下游过程工艺简化，收率提高，成本降低。     

细胞固定化条件对紫草细胞生产紫草色素的影响

以海藻胶做包埋剂,研究了固化液构成、细胞包埋量和胞龄对紫草色素合成的影响。结果表明：固定化细胞合成紫草色素的合适固化液为含有０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＣａＣｌ２的紫草色素生产培养基,该固化条件比较温和,并可长久保持固定化细胞活性;最适宜的细胞包埋质量分数为１０％２０％;用于细胞包埋的最佳细胞生长时间为１７ｄ。对紫草细胞固定化培养生产紫草色素过程的动力学特征进行了分析,建立了基质消耗和色素合成的动力学模型,并用该模型对实验数据进行了回归分析,实验数据与理论值之间具有比较令人满意的一致性     

天然紫草色素的提取

着重介绍了天然紫草色素的提取过程,并对其性能如溶解性、稳定性、对介质的灵敏性等方面作了测试,表明了天然紫草色素具有广阔的市场前景,具有开发的价值。     

多糖对紫草细胞生产紫草色素的影响

在紫草色素生产培养基中添加琼脂糖、人参多糖、海藻多糖、黄原胶、卡拉胶和淀粉等６种多糖类物质，接入紫草细胞后置于２５℃黑暗条件下振荡培养２０ｄ，结果表明：试验中所选用的６种多糖类物质对紫草色素的产生均具有一定的刺激作用，其中以０．０５％琼脂糖的作用效果为最佳，紫草色素含量为２０．７７％，比对照提高４６．８９％。此外试验亦对琼脂糖对紫草色素生产及分泌特征、培养液中蔗糖浓度变化以及ｐＨ值变化情况进行了研究。     

产物释放促进剂对固定化紫草细胞生产紫草色素的影响

研究了多种产物释放促进剂对海藻胶包埋的紫草细胞生产紫草色素的效果。结果表明,在色素生产培养基中加入合适的产物释放促进剂可显著地刺激紫草色素的分泌及合成,并且该种处理方式的作用效果明显优于细胞透性预处理方式的效果。将固定化紫草细胞培养在质量分数为０．０８％、０．２４％Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０和０．２％Ｔｗｅｅｎ２０培养基中,培养１２ｄ紫草色素产量分别为每克干细胞含４２．２０、６２．５２和３８．７３ｍｇ,比对照分别提高２．８２、４．６６和２．５１倍。在质量分数为０．２％Ｔｗｅｅｎ２０培养基中培养３５ｄ时,细胞合成色素总产量达每克干细胞含１８１．５ｍｇ,比对照提高４．２倍。     

固定化紫草细胞生产紫草宁衍生物

用海藻胶包埋紫草细胞,在紫草色素生产培养基M_9中,常温、黑暗下培养不同时间,收集培养液并提取色素,进行紫外—可见全波长分光光度扫描和TLC分析。结果表明:固定化紫草细胞可连续分泌紫草色素,其主要成分与天然成分基本相同,产量已达到一定水平。此外对海藻胶包埋条件、固定化珠粒的稳定性以及1L固定化植物细胞反应器生产紫草色素工艺进行了讨论。     

吸附树脂R-A在提取紫草细胞培养液中紫草色素上的应用

采用吸附树脂Ｒ－Ａ回收紫草细胞培养液中的紫草色素．与传统石油醚萃取法相比有机溶剂节约５０倍，且操作简单，生产设备缩小．同时为Ｒ－Ａ树脂的应用增添了一项新内容．     

紫草中天然色素物化特性的研究

用紫外光谱分析研究了具有理想药理活性的天然紫草色素的各种物化特性。实验表明紫草色素对介质ｐＨ反应灵敏，对紫外光、热和空气氧化等显示良好的稳定性，在多种溶剂中有良好的溶解性，可望获得广泛的应用。     

吸附树脂对紫草细胞培养生产紫草色素的原位提取

紫草（Ｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｒｈｉｚｏｎ）细胞在Ｍ－９培养基中培养时产生红色萘醌类化合物。实验表明，若在培养液中加入ＨＤ－１树脂，使色素和细胞产量下降，而Ｒ－Ａ树脂的加入却促进色素的合成和分泌，培养４ｄ的悬浮细胞中加入３０ｇ／ＬＲ－Ａ树脂，可使色素产量提高２倍。此外，还比较了原位提取和非原位提取体系细胞对碳源蔗糖的利用。     

半连续悬浮细胞及固定化细胞生产紫草素的研究

采用半连续悬浮细胞及固定化细胞生产紫草素,结果表明:前者可明显提高单位细胞的紫草素产量,但在15天后其产量明显下降;后者可在75天内连续稳定地生产并分泌紫草素。采用六种化学试剂,以不同浓度处理固定化细胞,发现只要选择合适的试利与浓度即可改变细胞的透性而不影响其活性,并且产生的紫草素可不断地向胞外分泌,产量可提高2.4倍。应用紫外——可见全波长扫描、TLC 和 HPLC 分析,发现固定化细胞生产的紫草素与天然的紫草素成分基本相同,只是各单体成分的相对含量有一定的差异。     

Physicochemical and dyeing properties of pigments containing 3- or 4-aminophthalimide residue

Several monoazo pigments containing the residues of 3-aminophthalimide and its N- methyl and N-phenyl derivatives in the pigment molecule have been prepared. Their physicochemical and fastness properties were examined and compared with those of analogous 4-aminophthalimide pigments.Based on the observed differences in physicochemical properties and different solvent stabilities, it is suggested that the 3-aminophthalimide pigments form mostly intra-molecular hydrogen bonds whereas the 4-aminophthalimide pigments form mainly inter-molecular hydrogen bonds. THe hypothesis has been verified by the IR and UV spectra of 3- and 4-acetylaminophthalimide and of their N-methyl derivatives as model compounds.     

Potential alternatives for 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine as tetrazo components for diarylide yellow and orange pigments,Part 1: p-Phenylenediamine and its derivatives

A series of diarylide yellow pigments based on selected p-phenylenediamine derivatives as tetrazo components have been synthesised and their application performance assessed. Among the most interesting products were a range of new metal-salt disazo pigments synthesised from 2,5-phenylenediamine-1,6-disulphonic acid, which is of potential interest as an alternative to 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, as it is likely to be of low toxicity, non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic and potentially low cost. The synthesis of disazo metal-salt pigments is in this case complicated by the requirement for a two-stage diazotisation/azo coupling process, although this offers a versatility advantage with an easy route to unsymmetrical derivatives. The colouristic properties, overpaint fastness, lightfastness and heat stability of the metal-salt pigments were comparable in some cases, inferior in others, to commercial dichlorobenzidine-based pigments selected as standards. Lightfastness was, in some cases, comparable in full strength although inferior in tint; solvent resistance was superior to that of the commercial pigments, as expected for metal-salt type pigments.     

西洋参细胞培养物与进口西洋参有效成份比较研究

通过对西洋参细胞培养物和进口西洋参的皂甙和多糖的研究。发现二者均含西洋参总皂甙,且皂甙斑点个数、位置和颜色几乎相同或近似,含有的皂甙单体分别为R_a、R_a、R_b1、R_b2、R_c、R_d、R_e、R_f、R_g1和R_g2它们总皂甙含量分别为7.12％和8.42％,多糖含量分别为13.93％和15.02％。     

Analysis of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products by TLC/densitometry

We have explored the use of thin-layer chromatography (TLC)/densitometry in both the reflectance and fluorescence mode for quantitation of specific products of lipid peroxidation. Aldehydic peroxidation products were generated by exposure of arachidonic acid to iron and ascorbic acid for 24 hr. Several methods for the quantitative analysis of peroxidation products by TLC/densitometry were compared using two different aldehydespecific derivatizing reagents, namely dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and cyclohexanedione (CHD). DNPH hydrazones of the arachidonic acid-peroxidation products, upon TLC separation on silica gel, revealed prominent alkanal and hydroxyalkenal bands. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography confirmed that the primary alkanal component was hexanal, while the primary hydroxyalkenal was 4-hydroxynonenal. Semiquantitative methods for the direct analysis of these products by TLC/densitometry were worked out based on the use of external hydrazone standards. TLC/densitometry (fluorescence mode) was used to measure CHD adducts of aldehydes by forming the derivatives in the presence of decanal (used as an internal standard) and separating the derivatives by reverse phase TLC. Hexanal-CHD was detectable upon application of 0.5 nanomoles while 4-hydroxynomenal showed a lower response and was detectable with 10 nanomoles. Using appropriate response factors, hexanal and 4-hydroxynonenal were measured in the aldehyde sample from arachidonic acid and results were similar to those obtained by the DNPH method. Similar approaches were used to analyze the peroxidation products of docosahexaenoic acid (24-hr exposure) The DHA peroxidation products contained extremely low levels of alkanals, while polar aldehydes and hydroxyalkenals were prominent. Formation of alkanals, osazones, hydroxyalkenals and phospholipid aldehydes from iron-exposed microsomes was also demonstrated. Uses and limitations of these methods of aldehyde measurement are discussed.     

Characteristics of pigments,modification, and their functionalities

Novel treatments of pigments with inorganic materials have tremendous industrial and commercial prospects. Specific treatment of pigment has a marked effect on its behavior during application. The treatment allows a broad modification of the surface characteristics of pigment particles which leads to improved functionalities. Surface modification of pigments is achieved via coating, polymerization with modifying reagent, treatment with derivatives or polymers, which alter either the optical, conductivity or dispersibility during processing and application. These and many other distinguishing factors that affect the characteristics of pigments such as the class, crystal structure, particle morphology, particle size, hiding power, pigment volume concentration, surface character, and surface treatment have been reviewed. Various organic pigments such as those from fungus and bacteria, and the various families of pigment types such as metallic pigment, light interference, and diffractive pigments which presents decorative quality such as leafing, nonleafing, pearlscent, and Fabry‐Perot effects on substrates have also been reviewed in addition to those from inorganic sources with emphasis on the structure and physiochemical modifications using metal and nonmetal Ions.     

Near-infrared reflective properties of perylene derivatives

Dyes and pigments with high reflectance in the near-infrared (NIR) region can extensively control the heat buildup. Perylene-based pigments exhibit considerable reflectance in the NIR region. The reflectance of a material depends upon a number of factors, such as particle size, concentration of the reflective material, the distribution of particles within the material and the material’s refractive index. The refractive index, in turn, depends on the electronic structure of the material. Therefore,differently substituted perylene compounds are expected to exhibit different reflectance in the NIR region. To elaborate this point, different perylene bisimide derivatives have been synthesized, and their ability to reflect in the NIR region has been determined and compared to the results for commercially available pigments. Significant variation in the relative reflectance is observed in the NIR region for differently substituted perylene bisimide compounds. The NIR reflectance of different perylene tetracarboxy diimide derivatives (PCIs) was also compared to the reflectance of 3,4:9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCA), the precursor from which the PCIs are commonly synthesized. PTCA exhibits significantly higher relative reflectance in the given region than any of the diimide derivatives synthesized from it in this study.     

喷打用蓝色陶瓷表面装饰墨水的制备与性能

制备了一种与传统陶瓷表面装饰的新技术(连续式喷墨打印法)配套的新型墨水——蓝色陶瓷表面装饰墨水。它以陶瓷颜料为基本着色料,用溶胶—凝胶法制备,以连续式喷墨打印墨水的质量标准为参照标准。经测试,所制墨水的电导率、表面张力、粘度等理化性能完全符合喷墨打印墨水的要求,适用喷墨打印法陶瓷装饰工艺的需要。研究了分散剂、粘接剂、pH值、固含量等工艺因素对该墨水性能的影响。该墨水制成时为草绿色,经煅烧,各组分反应生成颜料,显现蓝色。     

Detection of chlorophyll derivatives in soybean oil by HPLC

Chlorophyll derivatives have been isolated from a degummed soybean oil by cellulose column chromatography and resolved by reversed phase HPLC. The HPLC separation was performed on a Zorbax ODS column using acetone-methanol (75:25) as the mobile phase. Seven major components were detected by visible (650 nm) light absorption. Pheophytin A is the predominant component of the mixture (40–45% of the total). Pheophytin A’, pyropheophytin A, and three unidentified pigments having spectral features resembling pheophytin A comprise the other major pigments. No evidence was found for the presence of chlorophylls A and B in this oil.