全反式维甲酸、三氧化二砷、化疗联合治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病疗效观察

目的 评估全反式维甲酸(ATRA)、三氧化二砷(As2O3)、化疗联合治疗初诊急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的疗效和患者不良反应.方法 对40例采用ATRA、As2O3、化疗三联疗法治疗的APL患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察其疗效及不良反应.结果 总体CR率92.5%(37/40),完全缓解所需中位时间27(22～61)d;白细胞≥10×109/L组CR率72.7%(8/11),白细胞<10×109/L组CR率100%(29/29),差异有统计学意义(x2=8.550,P=0.004);治疗过程中无严重不良反应,仅1例发生维甲酸综合征.结论 ATRA、As2O3、化疗联合应用可作为APL患者的首选治疗方案.     

三氧化二砷联合全反式维甲酸治疗初发急性早幼粒细胞白血病的临床观察

目的 观察全反式维甲酸(ATRA)联合三氧化二砷(As2O3)治疗初诊急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的疗效及不良反应.方法 对ATRA每天25mg/m2联合As2O310mg/d(联合组)治疗的35例APL患者达完全缓解(CR)时间、CR率、早期病死率及不良反应进行观察,并与单用As2O3 10 mg/d(单药组)治疗的33例进行比较.结果 联合组CR率为94.3%(33/35),与单药组[90.9%(30/33)]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合组获得CR时间为26.1 d,短于单药组的30.5 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组与单药组APL分化综合征及不良反应发生率、早期病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);高WBC组比中、低WBC组CR率低,死亡率高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),低WBC组与中WBC组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 As2O3联合ATRA较单用As2O3治疗初诊APL获得CR时间短,WBC>10×109/L为预后不良的因素,APL分化综合征应尽早发现,及时处理.     

全反式维甲酸联合三氧化二砷及蒽环类药物治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病44例

目的 探讨全反式维甲酸(ATRA)与三氧化二砷(As2O3)联合蒽环类药物(ATC)治疗初治急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的疗效和不良反应.方法 44例初发APL患者均符合FAB分型诊断标准,其中25例行荧光原位免疫杂交(FISH)检查PML-RARα融合基因均为阳性.均以ATRA+As2O3双诱导,白细胞>15×109/L时,加用ATC,达完全缓解(CR)后,每月以ATC联合阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)化疗1个疗程,共3个疗程,继以ATC联合化疗、ATRA、As2O3序贯.观察其疗效和不良反应.结果 44例APL患者,早期死亡1例(诱导治疗1周死于弥漫性血管内凝血并颅内出血),43例达CR,CR率97.73%,获得CR的时间(27.3±5.2)d,43例目前均持续CR,25例初诊时PML-RAR α融合基因阳性者,巩固化疗结束时均转为阴性,治疗过程中无严重不良反应发生.结论 ATRA与As2O3联合ATC治疗APL效果满意,不良反应少.     

复方黄黛片治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病的系统评价

目的 评价复方黄黛片( CRNTT)治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的疗效与安全性。方法计算机检索SinoMed、CNKI、VIP、万方、CBA、PubMed、MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验资料库,并辅以手工检索,收集国内外公开发表的CRNIT治疗APL的随机对照试验(RCT)文献,检索年限截至201 1年3月。按纳入标准与排除标准筛选文献并评价纳入研究的质量,以完全缓解(CR)率、达CR所需时间、复发率、病死率、不良反应率等为评价指标,采用RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入6项RCT,包括391例APL患者,其中2项RCT研究目的为CRNIT与三氧化二砷(ATO)的比较,4项RCT研究目的为CRNIT与全反式维甲酸(ATRA)的比较,其中1项RCT增设CRNIT+ ATRA与ATRA的比较。达CR所需时间：CRNIT比ATRA、ATO长[加权均数差(WMD)=3.14,95％CI 0.99 ～5.29,P=0.004];头痛发生率：CRNTT低于ATRA（OR=0.10,95％CI 0.02～0.45,P=0.003）;5年无病生存率：CRNIT优于ATRA（OR= 7.22,95％CI 1.40～37.25,P=0.02）;CR率、复发率、病死率和4项不良反应指标（胃肠道症状、肝肾功能损害、皮肤损害、发热）的Meta分析结果差异无统计学意义。结论服用CRNIT达CR所需时间比ATRA、ATO长,CRNIT近期疗效与ATRA、ATO相近。服用CRNIT的5年无病生存率可能优于ATRA。     

急性早幼粒细胞白血病的治疗选择:来自2010年美国血液学年会的报道

2010年美国血液学年会(ASH)会议中,与急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)治疗相关的文章共有17篇:以全反式维甲酸(ATRA)+常规化疗为主的4篇,以ATRA+三氧化二砷(ATO)为主的2篇,以ATO为主的6篇,与造血干细胞移植相关的3篇,与中枢神经系统白血病相关的2篇.     

伴3'RARα亚显微缺失的急性早幼粒细胞白血病一例

目的 报道1例伴RARα 3'-末端(3'RARα)亚显微缺失的M3r亚型急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)病例及其形态学、细胞遗传学、分子遗传学和分子生物学的研究结果.方法 骨髓细胞直接法和短期培养法制备染色体,应用反带技术进行核型分析;分别用CEPX/Yα-卫星DNA探针、LSI PML-RARα双色双融合探针和LSI RAR α双色断裂点分离探针进行荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析;实时定量反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测PML-RARα融合基因转录本;多重巢式RT-PCR技术检测急性白血病29种染色体畸变所形成的融合基因,包括PML-RARα,PLZF-RARα和NPM-RARα融合基因转录本.结果 反带分析显示核型为45,X,-Y[6]/46,XY[8],CEPX/Y探针FISH进一步证实了Y染色体丢失;RARα双色断裂点分离探针FISH分析显示1个RARα等位基因的整个3'-末端缺失;通过细胞遗传学、FISH以及RT-PCR等方法检测,排除PML-RARα、PLZF-RARα、NPM-RARα、NuMA-RARα和STAT5b-RARα重排.结论 识别APL中一种新的RARα基因重排类型(3'RARα亚显微缺失而无X-RARα融合),RARα双色断裂点分离探针FISH分析是明确该异常的有效手段,其分子学结果有待进一步阐明.     

治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病的几个问题

急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)为急性髓系白血病的一个亚型,以进展快,易发生弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)和死亡率高为特征.95%以上APL患者有典型染色体易位t(15;17)形成PMLRARα融合基因.1986年以来,中国首创以全反式维甲酸(ATRA)和亚砷酸(ATO)治疗APL,使APL的转归大大改观,成为仅用药物可治愈的AML.结合作者经验讨论治疗APL中的有关问题.     

IA方案治疗急性髓系白血病四例

目的 探讨IA方案治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)的疗效及安全性.方法 对2009年8月至2010年4月采用去甲氧柔红霉素(IDA)联合阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)的IA方案治疗的4例AML患者的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果 4例患者经IA方案治疗后达持续缓解.结论 IA方案适用于初发、缓解后AML的治疗,可作为首选方案,安全性较好.     

血友病甲合并成年人急性淋巴细胞白血病一例

患者男,31岁,以反复皮肤瘀斑,关节肿胀31年,间断发热1个半月为主诉,于2010年4月17 日入院.患者自出生以来,磕碰后反复出现皮肤瘀斑,膝、踝、肘、腕关节肿胀,间断输注新鲜全血及血浆后病情好转.     

去甲氧柔红霉素或柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷诱导治疗急性髓系白血病的疗效比较

目的 探讨去甲氧柔红霉素(IDA)+阿糖胞苷(Ara-c)(IA方案)及柔红霉素(DRA)+Ara-C(DA方案)诱导治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)的疗效的比较.方法 回顾性分析确诊并行IA方案(IDA每天8～12 mg/m2静脉滴注,第1天至第3天;Ara-C每天100～150 mg/m2,每12 h静脉滴注1次,第1天至第7天)或DA方案(DNR每天40～50 mg/m2静脉滴注,第1天至第3天;Ara-C用法同IA方案)诱导治疗的93例AML患者的临床资料,用SPSS13.0软件包对上述两个组的完全缓解(CR)率、有效率进行分析.结果 IA组和DA组的CR率为72.5%、47.2%(χ2=5.011,P<0.05),有效率为82.5%、77.4%(χ2=0.122,P>0.05).结论 对于急陛髓系白血病的诱导治疗,IA方案较DA方案具有更高的诱导CR率.     

Terson''s syndrome in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia on all-trans retinoic acid treatment

Hypothermia induced by surface cooling has shown to protect vulnerable regions of the brain during an ischemic insult. This study evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of neurotensin, a potent hypothermic agent, using a 5-min carotid occlusion procedure in the gerbil. In Experiment 1, the dose-response and time course of neurotensin-induced hypothermia were evaluated (n = 5/dose). Central infusion of 10, 20, and 30 micrograms neurotensin were found to significantly decrease core body temperature of conscious gerbils within 30 min of administration. In Experiment 2, gerbils pretreated with 30 micrograms neurotensin were permitted to become hypothermic or were maintained at 37 degrees-38 degrees C (rectal) during ischemic insult. Other gerbils were pretreated with peptide vehicle prior to ischemic insult (at 37 degrees -38 degrees C) or underwent a sham procedure (n = 6/condition). At 24 h after surgery, gerbils were tested for increased locomotor activity in an open-field apparatus. Gerbils pretreated with peptide vehicle or neurotensin and maintained at 37 degrees-38 degrees C during ischemia had significantly higher activity levels compared to the other treated groups. In contrast, gerbils made hypothermic with neurotensin exhibited activity levels similar to sham gerbils. Histological assessment revealed that neurotensin-induced hypothermia protected the CA1 region from ischemic damage.     

Scrotal ulcer occurring in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia during treatment with all-trans retinoic acid

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of conservative laparoscopic surgery in a series of patients with stage III-IV endometriosis. DESIGN: Prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: All 141 women who underwent conservative operative laparoscopy for stage III-IV endometriosis between January 1993 and December 1996 and were followed for a minimum of 6 months. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic procedures performed with scissors, bipolar coagulation, and hydrodissection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical examination, transvaginal ultrasonography, and pain questionnaire were scheduled every 6 months postoperatively. The cumulative proportion of pregnant patients and cumulative recurrence rate were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Twenty-five women (44%) with infertility became pregnant. Twenty-three (51%) had stage III and two (16.7%, p <0.05) had stage IV endometriosis. The 24-month cumulative pregnancy rate was 57.5%. Thirty-one women (22%) reported pain recurrence during follow-up. Five (3.5%) recurrences were confirmed by histologic examination and eight (5.7%) were documented only by clinical and ultrasonographic findings. No recurrence occurred in the first 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Operative laparoscopy seems to be effective treatment for stage III endometriosis. A larger series with longer follow-up is necessary to clarify its role in the management of stage IV disease. (J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 6(1):55-58, 1999)     

Sweet's syndrome during treatment with all-trans retinoic acid in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia

A 46 year old male with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), developed fever, bilateral erythematous nodules in his axillary area, lower abdomen and inguinal region. Histopathologic examination of the skin biopsy revealed dense neutrophil infiltration in the dermis without vasculitis. The diagnosis of Sweet's syndrome was made. High dose methylprednisolone was administered and the lesions started to improve within 24 hours.     

Scrotum exfoliative dermatitis with ulcers associated with treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid]

We present a case of leukemia cutis associated with a prominent giant cell component. This lesion was initially diagnosed as chronic granulomatous inflammation 1 year before the definitive diagnosis of leukemia cutis was made. Skin biopsy specimens showed numerous Langhans-type giant cells occurring singly and as poorly formed granulomas. However, the majority of the infiltrate consisted of immature myeloid cells, positive for chloroacetate esterase, lysozyme, and CD 68. Subsequent peripheral blood and bone marrow examinations confirmed the progression of the disease to acute myeloid leukemia.     

Effects of prostaglandin E2 and all-trans retinoic acid combination on induced differentiation of human acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells

OBJECTIVE: A human promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line NB4 was used to demonstrate the synergistic effects between all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on growth inhibition and cytodifferentiation induction. METHODS: NB4 cells were cultured in the presence of either ATRA or PGE2 as a single agent or in combinations at various ratio. Cell growth was measured and myeloid differentiation was tested on consecutive days over the whole course of culture. RESULTS: PGE2 and ATRA synergistically induced the myeloid differentiation of NB4 cells. In comparison with ATRA alone, the combination of PGE2 with ATRA caused an almost 20-fold decrease of effective concentration of ATRA. CONCLUSION: The combination of ATRA and PGE2 at an appropriate ratio may provide a convenient oral regimen of combined differentiation therapy for a better clinical outcome in APL patients.     

Significant reduction of medical costs by differentiation therapy with all-trans retinoic acid during remission induction of newly diagnosed patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. The Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group

OBJECTIVE: For resuscitation of hemorrhagic hypovolemia, we compared the effectiveness of (1) isotonic lactated Ringer's solution (LRS), (2) 2400 mOsm of 7.5% NaCl:6% dextran 70 (HSD), and (3) 2400 mOsm of 7.9% sodium acetate:1.9% NaCl:6% dextran 70 (HAD). DESIGN: In six randomized, blinded experiments for each solution, conscious instrumented adult sheep were hemorrhaged by removing approximately 1.8 L (42 +/- 3 mL/kg) of blood, while maintaining the mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 50 mm Hg for 2 hours. METHODS: Test solutions were infused as needed to restore the cardiac index to baseline. RESULTS: Volume requirements with HAD (236 +/- 29 mL) and HSD (244 +/- 39 mL) were significantly less (p < 0.05) than LRS (3463 +/- 234 mL). Mean arterial pressure was normalized with HSD and LRS, but not with HAD, which resulted in MAPs of 20 to 25 mm Hg less than baseline resulting from a reduced peripheral resistance. Oxygen delivery, however, was significantly higher with HAD during the resuscitation period. Acid-base balance (pH) and oxygen consumption were normalized within 5 minutes of infusion only with HAD. CONCLUSIONS: Small-volume infusion with HAD resulting in "high-flow-low-pressure" resuscitation may offer unique hemodynamic and metabolic advantages for the initial treatment of hemorrhage from trauma.     

Potentiated maturation with a high proliferating activity of acute promyelocytic leukemia induced in vitro by granulocyte or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors in combination with all-trans retinoic acid

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but the effect of cytokines regulating myeloid differentiation on ATRA-induced APL cells is poorly understood. In this study, maturation and proliferation of fresh APL cells were examined when induced in vitro by granulocyte or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF or GM-CSF) in combination with ATRA. APL cells showed a low proliferating activity when induced by ATRA alone. In contrast, cells induced by G-CSF or GM-CSF alone showed increased DNA syntheses, the levels of which were not significantly affected by the combination of ATRA with CSFs. Interestingly, G-CSF or GM-CSF potentiated the capability of ATRA-induced cells to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), while G-CSF or GM-CSF alone induced no NBT reduction. Furthermore, in several patients examined, APL cells induced by ATRA with G-CSF showed an increased activity of chemotaxis and CD11a expression. These findings suggest that G-CSF or GM-CSF can potentiate differentiation of ATRA-induced APL cells while stimulating their proliferating activity as well, and that G-CSF, rather than GM-CSF, may be a useful adjunct to promote ATRA-induced differentiation of APL.