Hyper CVAD B方案治疗难治性和复发性急性淋巴细胞白血病12例

目的 观察Hyper CVAD B方案治疗难治性和复发性急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的疗效及患者不良反应.方法 选择12例难治性复发性ALL患者,应用Hyper CVAD B方案,具体根据患者年龄、体表面积、合并症进行调整用药剂量和用药间期,若1个疗程未达到完全缓解(CR)或部分缓解(PR),则进行第2个疗程,方案同前,2个疗程未达CR则换用其他方案.结果 12例患者中获得CR8例,PR 2例,NR 2例,总有效率83.3%.主要的不良反应是骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、口腔溃疡,无严重的心肝肾功能改变和神经系统并发症.结论 Hyper CVAD B方案可作为难治性和复发性ALL的挽救治疗方案,患者不良反应可耐受.     

GMED方案诱导治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病晚期复发患者再次缓解一例

患者女,23岁,主因"确诊急性髓系白血病(AML)4年,复发6个月"于2010年6月第23次入院.4年前,患者因"心悸、乏力半个月,上肢痛3 d,加重伴发热1 d"于2006年3月18日入院.     

改良VDLP方案治疗难治复发NK/T细胞淋巴瘤13例

目的 观察以左旋门冬酰胺酶为主的改良VDLP方案治疗难治复发NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的疗效及不良反应.方法 13例难治复发NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者,治疗方案均选用改良VDLP方案:长春新碱1.4 mg·m-2·d-1,第1天;左旋门冬酰胺酶6000 U·m-2·d-1,第1天至第7天;多柔比星或表柔比星30 mg·m-2·d-1,第1天至第3天,泼尼松40mg·m-2·d-1,第1天至第7天.21 d为1个周期,所有患者均接受2～6个周期,中位3.5个周期,病灶局限的患者,化疗后加用侵犯野放疗.结果 13例患者中,总有效率61.5%(8例),完全缓解46.1%(6例),部分缓解7.6%(1例),病情稳定7.6%(1例),进展38.5%(5例).中位随访27(13～51)个月,全组预期3年生存率为63.4%;主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度粒细胞减少占30.4%,无治疗相关死亡.结论 以左旋门冬酰胺酶为主的VDLP方案治疗复发难治的NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者疗效好,不良反应小且耐受性好,值得临床推荐使用.     

FLAG方案治疗难治及复发急性淋巴细胞白血病13例

目的 观察氟达拉滨(Flu)、阿糖胞苷（Ara-C）及粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)(FLAG方案)治疗复发及难治性急性淋巴细胞白血病( ALL)的临床疗效及安全性。方法对13例复发及难治性ALL患者给予1～3个疗程FLAG方案化疗，观察其疗效及患者不良反应。结果FLAG方案治疗总有效(OR)率为76.92％(10/13)。患者主要不良反应为骨髓抑制和继发感染。结论FLAG方案对于复发及难治性ALL患者是一种有效的治疗选择，不良反应大多能够耐受。     

GDP方案节拍化疗治疗复发难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤28例

目的 观察吉西他滨联合顺铂及地塞米松(GDP方案)节拍化疗治疗复发难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的疗效和不良反应.方法 对28例复发或难治性NHL给予吉西他滨联合顺铂及地塞米松方案化疗:吉西他滨200 mg,静脉滴注,隔天1次×14 d;顺铂10 mg,静脉滴注,隔天1次×14 d;地塞米松2.5 mg,静脉注射,2次/d×14d,每21 d为1个周期,治疗2个周期后进行疗效评价.结果 28例患者中完全缓解3例,部分缓解12例,有效率53.6%.疾病进展时间 4.6个月,1年生存率39.3%.不良反应主要为中度骨髓抑制及轻度消化道反应.结论 GDP方案节拍化疗治疗复发或难治性NHL有效率高,不良反应轻.     

左旋门冬酰胺酶治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的不良反应及防治

目的 探讨左旋门冬酰胺酶(L-ASP)治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的不良反应及可行的防治方法.方法 对50例ALL患儿应用L-ASP治疗的171个疗程进行回顾分析.结果 171个疗程中有77个疗程中出现1种或1种以上不良反应:过敏反应6例次(12%)(维持期)、凝血功能障碍13例次(26%)(诱导缓解期20%,维持期6%)、胰腺炎4例次(8%)(诱导缓解期)、药物性肝炎23例次(46%)(诱导缓解期16%,维持期30%)、胃肠反应40例次(80%)(诱导缓解期60%,维持期20%),高血糖症9例次(18%)(诱导缓解期6%,维持期12%),经及时正确防治无一例死亡.结论 积极预防可减少L-ASP的不良反应,保证化疗顺利进行;及时诊断和处理可减少严重并发症的发生,提高ALL患儿的无病生存率.     

利妥昔单抗联合氟达拉滨、环磷酰胺治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病17例

目的 评价利妥昔单抗联合氟达拉滨、环磷酰胺（FCR方案）治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)患者的疗效和安全性。方法选取年龄＜70岁且CD20阳性的初治或既往仅用苯丁酸氮芥治疗的CLL患者,应用FCR方案治疗,利妥昔单抗375 mg/m2,第1天,静脉滴注;氟达拉滨25 mg/m2,第2天至第4天,静脉滴注;环磷酰胺250 mg/m2,第2天至第4天,静脉滴注。28d为1个疗程,治疗4～6个疗程,治疗结束后评价疗效。结果共入组17例患者,总有效率为94.12％(16/17),完全缓解率为35.29％(6/17)。Ⅲ-Ⅳ级不良反应主要为中性粒细胞减少,白细胞减少。结论FCR方案治疗CLL疗效确切,患者耐受良好,可以作为初治患者的一线治疗方案。     

Treatment of refractory and relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia with combination chemotherapy plus the multidrug resistance modulator PSC 833 (Valspodar)

A potential mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the multidrug resistance (MDR-1) gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is often overexpressed in myeloblasts from refractory or relapsed AML. In a multicenter phase II clinical trial, 37 patients with these poor risk forms of AML were treated with PSC 833 (Valspodar; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ), a potent inhibitor of the MDR-1 efflux pump, plus mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine (PSC-MEC). Pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions of etoposide and mitoxantrone with PSC were anticipated, measured in comparison with historical controls without PSC, and showed a 57% decrease in etoposide clearance (P =.001) and a 1.8-fold longer beta half-life for mitoxantrone in plasma (P <.05). The doses of mitoxantrone and etoposide were substantially reduced to compensate for these interactions and clinical toxicity and in Cohort II were well tolerated at dose levels of 4 mg/m2 mitoxantrone, 40 mg/m2 etoposide, and 1 g/m2 C daily for 5 days. Overall, postchemotherapy marrow hypoplasia was achieved in 33 patients. Twelve patients (32%) achieved complete remission, four achieved partial remission, and 21 failed therapy. The PK observations correlated with enhanced toxicity. The probability of an infectious early death was 36% (4 of 11) in patients with high PK parameters for either drug versus 5% (1 of 20) in those with lower PK parameters (P =.04). P-gp function was assessed in 19 patients using rhodamine-123 efflux and its inhibition by PSC. The median percentage of blasts expressing P-gp was increased (49%) for leukemic cells with PSC-inhibitable rhodamine efflux compared with 17% in cases lacking PSC-inhibitable efflux (P =.004). PSC-MEC was relatively well tolerated in these patients with poor-risk AML, and had encouraging antileukemic effects. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group is currently testing this regimen versus standard MEC chemotherapy in a phase III trial, E2995, in a similar patient population.     

难治性淋巴瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群与自然杀伤细胞活性的检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性水平与难治性淋巴瘤的相关性.方法 采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测60例初治淋巴瘤患者化疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平与NK细胞的活性,化疗后随访分为难治组30例、有效组30例,以20名健康者为健康对照组.结果 淋巴瘤患者组化疗前外周血CD+4、CD+4/CD+8、NK细胞数比健康对照组低(30.17±8.63与46.52±1.39,t=12.218,P＜0.05;0.86±0.45与1.64±0.05,t=11.225,P＜0.05;12.39±7.08与19.29±0.84,t=6.365,P＜0.05),CD+3、CD+8细胞数比健康对照组高(76.14±10.71与70.48±1.44,t=-3.439,P＜0.05;40.28±14.03与28.35±0.73,t=-5.625,P＜0.05).难治组化疗前外周血CD+4、CD+4/CD+8、NK细胞数比有效组低(27.70±7.81与33.13±8.82,t=2.163,P=0.036;0.67±0.27与1.10±0.52,t=3.272,P=0.003;9.87±6.60与15.40±6.58,t=2.771,P=0.008),而CD+3、CD+8细胞数比有效组高(79.67±8.18与71.91±12.00,t=-2.540,P=0.015;44.70±13.99与34.98±12.41,t=-2.416,P=0.020).结论 淋巴瘤初治患者化疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平及NK细胞活性的检测,对判断、预测容易转归为难治的患者可能有一定的参考价值.     

Pilot study of 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) and carboplatin (CBDCA) in patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia

The principle of bowel detubularization to decrease peristaltic pressure and increase reservoir capacity is applied in contemporary continent urinary diversions. The process of detubularization and refashioning of the spatulated bowel segment approximates 1 of operating time and is the most time-consuming aspect of pouch construction. The employment of devices applying absorbable staples ("absorbable staplers") has substantially reduced the time required to fashion bowel reservoirs. This article reviews the adaptation of the absorbable stapler to continent urinary diversion using small- and large-bowel segments.     

NK/T细胞淋巴瘤细胞凋亡和细胞增殖特征及意义

Objective:The aim was to study the features and clinical significance of cell apoptosis and proliferation of NK/T cell lymphoma. Methods:TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and immunohistochemical Streptavidin-peroxidase method were used to study cell apoptosis and the expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen in 25 NK/T cell lymphoma and 10reactive lymphoid tissues. Results:Apoptotic index (AI) and proliferative index (PI) averaged (1.92% ± 0.86%) and (41.48%± 5.10%) respectively in the 25 NK/T cell lymphomas and (6.70% ± 1.89%) and (20.10% ± 2.77%) in the 10 reactive lymphoid tissues. Compared with reactive lymphoid tissues, AI was significantly reduced in NK/T cell lymphoma (t = 10.80, P < 0.01)while PI significantly increased (t = 12.39, P < 0.01). In addition, in NK/T cell lymphoma, AI and PI were positively related (r = 0.69, P < 0.01). Conclusion:In NK/T cell lymphoma, cell apoptosis is reduced while cell proliferation increased. The imbalance between cell apoptosis and cell proliferation is closely related to the development and progression of NK/T cell lymphoma.     

Enhancement of leaching refractory gold concentrate with high arsenic and sulphur content by ultrasonic electro-oxidation technology

Abstract

The ultrasonic leaching behaviour of refractory gold concentrate has been investigated simultaneously at the anode in hydrochloric acid solution and at the cathode in sodium hydroxide solution. An electrochemical reactor divided into three compartments (anode, middle and cathode compartment) by anion and cation exchange membrane is employed for these experiments. Various parameters, which include solid–liquid ratio, current density, leaching temperature, particle size, ultrasonic power and concentrations of HCl and NaOH, are studied to understand the leaching mechanism of the refractory gold concentrate. The gold leaching recovery of 98% in the anode compartment is more than double than that of 46% in the cathode compartment. The leaching kinetics is analysed by using a shrinking rim model given by: 1?(1?X)^1/3?=?kt and 1?3(1?X)^2/3+2(1?X)?=?kt. The kinetics appears to be chemically controlled in the anode compartment and to be diffusively controlled in the cathode compartment respectively. Surface examinations of the samples leached in electro-oxidation and ultrasonic electro-oxidation conditions are carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. These results can be considered as a basic understanding for leaching refractory gold concentrate by ultrasonic electro-oxidation.

On a examiné le comportement de lixiviation ultrasonique de concentré d’or réfractaire, simultanément à l’anode, en solution d’acide chlorhydrique, et à la cathode, en solution d’hydroxyde de sodium. Pour ces expériences, on emploie un réacteur électrochimique divisé en trois compartiments (compartiment de l’anode, du milieu, et de la cathode) par une membrane d’échange d’anion et de cation. On a étudié divers paramètres, incluant le rapport solide-liquide, la densité de courant, la température de lixiviation, la taille de particule, la puissance ultrasonique, et la concentration de HCl et de NaOH, afin de comprendre le mécanisme de lixiviation du concentré d’or réfractaire. La récupération de l’or, par lixiviation, de 98% dans le compartiment de l’anode est plus que le double de celui de 46% du compartiment de la cathode. La cinétique de lixiviation est analysée avec le modèle du retrait de la bordure donné par: 1?(1?X)^1/3?=?kt et 1?3(1?X)^2/3+2(1?X)?=?kt. La cinétique est contrôlée par la chimie dans le compartiment de l’anode et par diffusion dans le compartiment de la cathode, respectivement. L’examen de la surface des échantillons lixiviés sous des conditions d’électro-oxydation ou d’électro-oxydation ultrasonique est effectué par XRD (diffraction des rayons X) et par SEM (microscopie électronique à balayage). On peut considérer ces résultats comme base de la compréhension de la lixiviation de concentré d’or réfractaire par électro-oxydation ultrasonique.     

Pharmacology of cytarabine given as a continuous infusion followed by mitoxantrone with and without amsacrine/etoposide as reinduction chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory pediatric acute myeloid leukemia

The Ehrlichieae are gram-negative obligately intracellular bacterial pathogens. They can be divided into at least three genogroups on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, but are also classified by target cell specificity. A group of granulocytic ehrlichiae primarily infect neutrophils and fall into genogroup II. The granulocytic ehrlichiae are subdivided by their target hosts, i.e., Ehrlichia phagocytophila in cattle and sheep, E. equi in horses, and the agents of human (HGE) and llama (LGE) granulocytic ehrlichioses. However, these subdivisions may give a false impression, as all these species are closely related both antigenically and on the basis of 16S rRNA operon sequence. In addition, cross-species transmission can occur naturally or by experimental infection. The vectors for these granulocytic ehrlichiae are hard-bodied ixodid ticks, and the reservoir hosts are probably wild rodents, deer and sheep. In each host, this illness presents as a febrile disease which can be followed by immunosuppression leading to secondary infections.     

Treatment of relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with fludarabine and cytosine arabinoside followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (FLAG-GCSF)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of fludarabine 30/mg/m2 + cytarabine 2g/m2 followed by the administration of G-CSF to achieve a complete remission (CR) in patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We treated twelve patients in first relapse, overall 10 patients achieved a second CR, one patient showed resistant disease and one patient died during remission induction. The regimen was well tolerated and we observed a short period of neutropenia with a low incidence of myelosuppression-associated problems. Eight patients in second CR received the same chemotherapeutic regimen as consolidation used for the reinduction. In six patients the chemotherapeutic regimen was well tolerated, two patients died, (cerebral hemorrhage in one patient and sepsis in the other). In conclusion the combination of fludarabine, cytarabine and G-CSF has significant antileukemic activity and non hematological toxicities were acceptable. The addition of G-CSF reduced the period of neutropenia obtaining a low incidence of myelosuppression-associated problems.     

PTEN、MLL基因在T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤/白血病的表达及其意义

目的 分析肿瘤抑制基因PTEN、混合系白血病(MLL)基因等在T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤/白血病(T-LBL/ALL)的表达及意义.方法 选用76例T-LBL/ALl患者淋巴结存档蜡块,应用免疫组织化学EnVision法进行 PTEN标记,用20例反应性增生淋巴结标本作正常对照.并用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术检测MLL基因所在1 1q23染色体的断裂和扩增情况.结果 76例T-LBL/ALL中,PTEN的表达率为64.47%(49/76),低于淋巴结反应性增生的100%(20/20)(λ2=19.220,P＜0.05).PTEN表达与临床分期、Ki-67、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)呈负相关(P＜0.05).76例T-LBL/ALL中,MLL基因发生1 1q23染色体断裂13例(17.11%),扩增18例(23.68%).MLL基因断裂组总体生存率(25.0%)低于非断裂组(43.6%)(λ2=11.357,P＜0.05).MLL基因扩增组总体生存率(17.1%)低于非扩增组(42.7%)(λ2=4.533,P＜0.05).结论 抑癌基因PTEN表达降低在T-LBL/ALL的发生发展中可能具有重要作用.MLL基因发生染色体1 1q23断裂和扩增有助于对T-LBL/ALL预后的判断,发生MLL基因断裂或扩增的T-LBL/ALL预后较差,提示MLL基因断裂或扩增可能为T-LBL/ALL的一种分子亚型.     

三氧化二砷联合全反式维甲酸治疗初发急性早幼粒细胞白血病50例疗效观察

目的 观察三氧化二砷(ATO)联合全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治疗初发急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的疗效.方法 98例初发APL患者分为对照组和治疗组,对照组48例,治疗组50例.对照组采用常规ATRA+DA双诱导方案治疗;治疗组采用ATRA每天25 mg/m2,ATO每天0.15 mg/kg(ATRA后第10天开始)联合治疗,直至完全缓解(CR),CR后接受ATO和ATRA联合巩固治疗.比较两组CR率、PML-RAR α融合基因转阴时间及5年无病生存率.结果 对照组和治疗组CR率分别为89.5%(43/48)和90.0%(45/50),获得CR时间分别为(30.0±5.1)d和(28.1±4.4)d,两组CR率(x2=-0.068,P=0.946)及获得CR时间(t=1.757,P=0.083)相比差异均无统计学意义.在所有获得CR的患者中,3例分别在CR后第276、385和394天复发.所有患者发病时PML-RAR α融合基因均阳性,对照组和治疗组CR时分别有25.0%(5/20)和29.4%(5/17)转阴,巩固后分别有92.5%(37/40)和97.6%(41/42)转阴.对照组和治疗组5年无病生存率分别为(85.3±5.9)%和(87.6±5.6)%,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.232,P=0.630).结论 ATO联合ATRA能有效治疗初发APL患者,可以作为常规化疗方案外的另一选择.     

萃取法处理钽铌生产废水中铀钍的研究

从钽铌矿中的铀钍来源，溶出机理，废水中铀钍含量，以及钽铌厂家生产废水的特点，选用萃取法处理废水中铀钍。废水处理后，可以达到国家排放标准。