供者外周血干细胞动员采集198例临床分析

目的 研究外周血造血干细胞移植( PBSCT)供者外周血干细胞动员采集的方法及其效 果。方法 198名健康供者每天皮下注射重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)(5～10) μg/kg进行外周血干细胞动员,第5天开始采集。采用血细胞分析仪行单个核细胞( MNC)计数,流式细胞术(FCM)行CD34+细胞计数。分析供者性别、身高、年龄、采集当天外周血白细胞(WBC)计数对动员采集效果的影响。结果所有供者均成功动员采集,采集当天的MNC计数平均为(4.19±1.96)×108/kg,CD34+细胞计数平均为(2.98±1.40) ×106/kg; MNC和CD34+细胞计数与供者性别、身高、年龄无关;采集当天外周血WBC计数与MNC、CD34+细胞计数呈正相关(r= 0.9201,P=0.0035;r=0.8420,P= 0.0149);采集当天外周血WBC计数≥20.0×109/L的供者比＜20.0×109/L的供者采集效果更显著(F=4.688,P= 0.0013;F= 4.622,P=0.0006)。结论rhG-CSF动员的健康供者采集当天外周血WBC计数是一项预测CD34+细胞采集数量的简单、可行的指标。     

中剂量依托泊苷联合粒细胞集落刺激因子动员恶性淋巴瘤的外周血造血干/祖细胞

目的 观察中剂量依托泊苷(VP16)和粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)在恶性淋巴瘤患者动员采集自体外周血造血干/祖细胞的有效性和安全性.方法 31例恶性淋巴瘤患者(非霍奇金淋巴瘤30例,霍奇金淋巴瘤1例),VP16 1.2 g/m2分3 d静脉滴注,外周血白细胞降至最低点时给予G-CSF每天5μg/kg,分2次,皮下注射,直至采集结束.结果 VP16应用后12 d(10～15 d)开始采集外周血造血干/祖细胞,获得单个核细胞(MNC)7.8×108/kg[(5.2～11.3)×108/kg],CD+34细胞7.2×106/kg[(5.3～13.1)×106/kg] 18例患者采集1次,13例采集2次.所有患者移植后均恢复造血,外周血粒细胞＞0.5×109/L的中位时间为12 d(9～18 d),血小板＞20×109/L的中位时间为14d(10～21 d).患者无严重不良反应结论中剂量VP16和G-CSF动员恶性淋巴瘤患者外周血干/祖细胞有效、安全,可获得满意的动员采集效果.     

复方参鹿颗粒干预肾阳虚型骨髓增生异常综合征造血调控的临床观察

目的 评判复方参鹿颗粒对肾阳虚型骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)(难治性贫血/难治性血细胞减少伴多系造血异常)(RA/RCMD)造血调控情况.方法 30例MDS-RA/RCMD患者随机分成复方参鹿颗粒组(简称参鹿组)(15例)和十一酸睾酮组(15例),测评治疗前后外周血象、T细胞亚群+自然杀伤(NK)细胞、骨髓细胞免疫表型.结果 参鹿组与治疗前相比,红细胞、血色素、血小板有明显上升,治疗前分别为(2.39±0.99)×1012/L、(84.47±28.68)g/L、(81.13±96.85)×109/L,治疗后分别为(2.80±0.98)×1012/L、(94.87±25.63)g/L、(98.67±107.9)×109/L,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.0359、t=2.7009、t=2.2573,均P<0.05),十一酸睾酮组仅有血红蛋白数量上升,治疗前为(71.93±27.53)g/L,治疗后为(80.07±26.03)g/L,差异有统计学意义(t=2.3125,P=0.0365);参鹿组治疗后CD+4、CD+8、CD+4/CD+8、NK细胞均达到或接近正常值,分别为(37.9±5.9)%、(24.0±5.8)%、1.75±0.83、(13.0±6.9)%,与治疗前的(29.3±11.7)%、(29.6±5.8)%、1.12±0.59、(8.8±5.7)%相比差异有统计学意义(t=2.6194、t=2.6595、t=2.6581、t=2.2288,均P<0.05),十一酸睾酮组治疗后仅CD+8、CD+4/CD+8接近正常值,分别为(22.1±7.5)%、1.50±0.74,与治疗前(26.6±7.5)%、1.18±0.55相比差异有统计学意义(t=2.2377,P=0.0420;t=2.9352,P=0.0109),治疗后,参鹿组CD+4表达率为(37.9±5.9)%,十一酸睾酮组为(30.5±12.6)%,差异有统计学意义(t=2.1738,P=0.0474);参鹿组对骨髓细胞CD+13、CD+33、CD+34、CD+64、CD+117的异常阳性表达调控能力强于安雄组(前三者u=2.76、u=3.39、u=2.85,均P<0.01,后两者u=2.17、u=2.46,均P<0.05).结论 复方参鹿颗粒能有效调控肾阳虚型MDS-RA/RCMD正常造血功能.     

rAAV/CEA转染树突状细胞诱导特异性CTL杀伤MCF-7细胞系CD44+ CD24-/low乳腺癌干细胞

目的:携带癌胚抗原(carcinocmbryonic antigen,CEA)基因的重组人腺相关病毒(reconstructive human adeno-association virus,rh-AAV)感染树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)诱导获得抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic lymphocyte,CTL),体外检测其对CD44+CD24-/low乳腺癌干细胞的杀伤效果.方法:分离供者外周血单个核细胞,以细胞因子白介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)、粒细胞-巨噬细胞克隆刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor,GM-CSF)和肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)诱导培养获得DC,细胞因子白介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2),刺激培养获得T淋巴细胞.含CEA基因的rh-AAV感染培养DC,诱导成熟后将DC和T细胞混合培养获得CTL细胞.流式分选MCF-7和MA-MDB-231细胞系中CD44+CD24-/low乳腺癌干细胞,MTT法检测CTL细胞对CD44+CD24-/low乳腺癌干细胞的杀伤效果.结果:MCF-7和MDA-MB-231中CD44+/CD24-/low群比例分别为5.1%和76.3%.CEA基因转染DC诱导的CTL细胞对表达CEA抗原的MCF-7杀伤率为46.5%±15.0%,与未转染组相比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009);对MCF-7细胞中分选的CD44+CD24-/low乳腺癌干细胞的杀伤率为44.7%±28.2%,明显高于未转染组.对非乳腺癌干细胞杀伤率为50.6%±22.2%,与未转染组相比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.05).在不表达CEA基因的MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞,CEA转染诱导的CTL细胞对未分选细胞、分选的CD44+/CD24-/low亚群和非干细胞亚群的杀伤率与未转染的对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:携带CEA基因rh-AAV转染DC诱导产生的抗原特异性CTL细胞可杀伤表达CEA的乳腺癌细胞,对CD44+CD24-/low乳腺癌干细胞也具有一定的杀伤活性,提示免疫治疗可能是治疗乳腺癌干细胞潜在有效的手段.     

骨髓间充质干细胞静脉输注对猕猴细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 评价猕猴间充质干细胞( MSC)静脉异体输注后对细胞免疫功能的影响。方法分离培养MSC;不做其他处理,将异体MSC静脉输注给受者猴,通过定期监测外周血象、混合淋巴细胞反应( MLR)、T细胞亚群来判断MSC输注后受者细胞免疫功能的变化。结果成功培养了猕猴的MSC。异体MSC输注后,受者无明显毒性反应、排异表现及血象变化。可以在一定时间内（2周左右）抑制受者T细胞在MLR中的增殖活性,受者猴A2、A3及A4输注MSC的数量分别为4.0×105/kg、1.0×106/kg、2.0×106/kg,在输注后第14天时,MLR的相对反应值(RR)与输注前比较均明显降低,分别从(46.0±2.6)％、( 40.9±2.3)％、(48.3±2.0)％降至(40.4±1.73)％、(33.0±2.1)％、(39.0±1.0)％(F=1O.19,P=0.023;F=2.593,P= 0.013;F= 28.431,P=0.003),输注后第30天时RR均恢复到输注前水平;统计结果显示,抑制程度(△RR)与输注MSC数量呈正相关(F=27.413,P=0.038)。A4是输注MSC数量最多的受者,输注后第14天开始,外周血CD3+、CD3+ CD4+、CD3+CD8+细胞的百分比与输注前相比有所降低,在输注后第30天左右恢复至输注前水平。结论单纯体内输注异体MSC,可以在一定时间内抑制受者T细胞的免疫活性;免疫抑制程度与输注MSC数量呈正相关。MSC特殊的免疫学特性使其具有深远的临床应用价值。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者基质细胞衍生因子-1α、CD44v6表达的研究

目的 探讨基质细胞衍生因子-1α(SDF-1α)、CD44v6(一种变异的CD44受体)在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)中的表达水平及其与病情进展的关系.方法 用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测24例MM患者[14例初发和复发MM患者(初发和复发MM组),10例病情稳定MM患者(病情稳定MM组)]和15位健康骨髓移植供者或非肿瘤良性贫血患者(对照组)的骨髓单个核细胞(MNC)和骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)培养上清的SDF-1 α、CD44v6水平.结果 初发和复发MM组MNC培养上清的SDF-1α、CD44v6表达水平[(7232.41±2644.97)pg/ml和(34.34±13.20)ng/ml]显著高于病情稳定MM组[(2315.49±748.29)pg/ml和(15.69±5.28)ng/m1](t=6.25、t=7.82;均P＜0.05)和对照组[(1149.52±636.06)pg/ml和(4.85±3.62)ng/ml](t=4.60、t=7.61;均P＜0.05).病情稳定MM组SDF-1α、CD44v6水平显著高于对照绀(t=2.99、t=4.87;均P＜0.05).9例初发和复发MM组的BMSC与人类骨髓瘤细胞系细胞U266加入rhIL-6进行混合培养后,SDF-1 α水平[(6180.25±5925.38)pg/ml]显著高于5例对照组BMSC[(1021.13±358.65)pg/ml]和9例初发和复发MM组[(1004.07±727.36)pg/ml](t=2.66、t=2.42;均P＜0.05).而其他BMSC各组问的SDF-1α水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).SDF-1 α与CD44v6两者表达水平呈正相关(r=0.51,P=0.03).结论 SDF-1 α、CD44v6水平升高与MM的病情进展或发病有关,也可能与MM的肿瘤浸润过程有关;而这些体内过程可能需骨髓瘤细胞和BMSC与IL-6、SDF-1α和CD44v6等因素协同完成.     

难治性淋巴瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群与自然杀伤细胞活性的检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性水平与难治性淋巴瘤的相关性.方法 采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测60例初治淋巴瘤患者化疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平与NK细胞的活性,化疗后随访分为难治组30例、有效组30例,以20名健康者为健康对照组.结果 淋巴瘤患者组化疗前外周血CD+4、CD+4/CD+8、NK细胞数比健康对照组低(30.17±8.63与46.52±1.39,t=12.218,P＜0.05;0.86±0.45与1.64±0.05,t=11.225,P＜0.05;12.39±7.08与19.29±0.84,t=6.365,P＜0.05),CD+3、CD+8细胞数比健康对照组高(76.14±10.71与70.48±1.44,t=-3.439,P＜0.05;40.28±14.03与28.35±0.73,t=-5.625,P＜0.05).难治组化疗前外周血CD+4、CD+4/CD+8、NK细胞数比有效组低(27.70±7.81与33.13±8.82,t=2.163,P=0.036;0.67±0.27与1.10±0.52,t=3.272,P=0.003;9.87±6.60与15.40±6.58,t=2.771,P=0.008),而CD+3、CD+8细胞数比有效组高(79.67±8.18与71.91±12.00,t=-2.540,P=0.015;44.70±13.99与34.98±12.41,t=-2.416,P=0.020).结论 淋巴瘤初治患者化疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平及NK细胞活性的检测,对判断、预测容易转归为难治的患者可能有一定的参考价值.     

非清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植后早期自然杀伤细胞的重建

目的 研究非清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植(NAST)后早期自然杀伤(NK)细胞的重建情况.方法 分别用流式细胞术直接免疫荧光法、T细胞活化实验、四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色(MTT)法检测10例NAST后白血病患者及10位健康对照者细胞表面标志及体外免疫功能.结果 移植后28～35 d,患者外周血CD+3、CD+4细胞比例降低,分别为(2.03±15.60)%和(22.69±12.29)%,CD+8细胞比例正常或增高,平均为(29.26±8.99)%;T细胞对有丝分裂原反应减低,其增殖反应刺激指数为94.60±44.87;NK细胞比例在正常范围或增高,为(18.77±9.11)%;NK细胞表面IL-2R表达阳性率增高,平均为(3.71±2.23)%,和正常对照组的(2.05±0.94)%相比差异有统计学意义(t=2.116,P=0.044);部分患者NK细胞活性明显增强,移植组与健康对照组分别为(25.30±12.39)%和(16.60±3.53)%(t=2.135,P=0.047).结论 NK细胞在NAST后早期即恢复,当特异性免疫功能仍低下时,它可能在机体抗感染和抗肿瘤中发挥着重要作用.     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子注射液动员外周血干细胞10例

目的:探讨临床常见的重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子注射液动员外周血干细胞分析.方法:选择2008年8月到2011年2月在我院员11例进行研究,其中其中男性为8例,女性为3例.结果:研究人群外周血干细胞采集结果分析发现MNC总数量为(21.1±9.5)*108,依照研究人群体重计算为(3.7±0.9)*108/kg,其中CD+34占总MNC总量为(1.8-3.9)%,依照研究人群体重计算为(4.6±2.1)*106/kg,CFU-GM为(4.9±2.8)*104/kg,依照研究人群体重计算为(5.2±3.0)*104/kg,自体供应者和异体供应者之间比较没有统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:来源于自体供应者和异体供应者之间的重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子没有差异,说明只要对供体人群进行有效地动员,就可以达到手术所需.     

非血缘脐血造血干细胞移植的现状

脐血是骨髓和外周血干细胞以外的新的干细胞主要来源,脐血移植特别是非血缘脐血移植( UCBT)的数量逐年增加。UCBT存在的主要问题在于脐血的造血干/祖细胞(HSC/HPC)数量少,可能导致植入延迟或植入失败。临床上采用多种方法来提高脐血HSC/HPC的数量,包括双份脐血输注、减低强度的预处理、体内体外扩增脐血细胞、同时输注单倍体血缘供者CD34+细胞或间充质干细胞( MSC)、或将脐血细胞直接注入骨髓等,取得了良好的疗效。UCBT将会成为更多患者的治疗选择。     

Clinical and economic analysis of allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplants: a Canadian perspective

Allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplants are an alternative to BMT, although G-CSF mobilization dose, timing of pheresis and risk of GVHD are not well defined. We compared harvest characteristics, donor and recipient outcomes and costs of two PBPC transplant strategies with historical controls who received BMT. Twenty donors mobilized with four daily s.c. G-CSF doses (5 microg/kg/day) (group 1) and 20 mobilized with 10 microg/kg/day G-CSF (group 2) were compared with 20 BM controls (group 3). G-CSF and phereses were well tolerated. Four of 40 PBPC donors required femoral catheter placement. At least 2.5 x 10(6) CD34+/kg recipient weight were collected with two phereses in 19/20 donors (group 1) and 18/20 donors (group 2). Time to neutrophil (18 vs 20 vs 22 days, P = 0.02) and platelet (21 vs 24 vs 27 days, P = 0.005) engraftment was shorter in the PBPC groups (group 2 vs group 1 vs group 3) but secondary engraftment outcomes were not different. The incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD was higher in the low-dose G-CSF group (group 1) but there was no difference in cGVHD, 100-day or 1-year survival. The mean PBPC transplant cost (group 1) at first hospital discharge was less than BM (group 3) ($34,643 vs $37,354) but the mean overall cost for both groups was similar at 100 days ($46,334 vs $46,083). Allogeneic PBPC transplant with short course, low-dose G-CSF mobilization is safe, feasible and cost equivalent to allogeneic BMT.     

Proliferative activity and loss of function of tumour suppressor genes as ''biomarkers'' in diagnosis and prognosis of benign and preneoplastic oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Patients with hematologic malignancy or severe aplastic anemia after myeloablative chemo- and radiotherapy were given granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized, cryopreserved allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) from 15 healthy donors who were either human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched siblings (n = 13) or haploidentical offspring (2). Polymerase chain reaction-amplified short tandem repeat genotyping was used for early confirmation of donor engraftment after PBSC transplantation (PBSCT). A standard cyclosporine A/methotrexate combination was used to prevent acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). All donors, including one in the third trimester of pregnancy, tolerated G-CSF administration and 3-day PBSC harvesting procedures well. Engraftment was prompt for all patients; it was verified using a panel of 12 human polymorphic short tandem repeat loci from bone marrow as early as 7 days posttransplantation. This status was maintained until relapse, when mixed chimerism was detected using the polymerase chain reaction. A minimum resurgence of recipient cells to 1% of the population was required to detect chimerism. The median times to recovery of the absolute neutrophil count to greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L and the sustained platelet count to greater than 20 x 10(9)/L without transfusion were 10 and 12 days after PBSCT, respectively. Six patients experienced acute GVHD, Grade I in two patients and Grade II in four, including two HLA-haploidentical recipients. Chronic GVHD was noticed in three of the 11 patients who were followed for at least 100 days after PBSCT. Ten patients were still alive at the latest follow-up and have been disease free for a median of 278 days (range 60-671). Five patients died from causes other than graft failure: three from leukemia relapse and two from transplant-related complications. The results confirm that G-CSF can be safely administered to healthy donors and that engraftment after allogeneic PBSCT is fast and durable. Complete chimerism can be detected early by genomic analysis. PBSCT may offer an alternative to bone marrow transplantation.     

Murine gamma/delta-expressing T cells affect alloengraftment via the recognition of nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class Ib antigens

T cells with antidonor specificities have been isolated from human recipients experiencing graft rejection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Partial T-cell depletion of unrelated BM grafts with an anti- T-cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed against the TCR alpha/beta heterodimer have shown that the incidence of graft-versus-host disease is low and that the incidence of durable engraftment is high. These studies suggest either that the number of residual TCR alpha/beta+ cells was sufficient to permit alloengraftment or that the preservation of cells other than TCR alpha/beta+ cells was beneficial for engraftment. With respect to the latter, one such candidate cell is the TCR gamma/delta+ T cell. Because no studies have specifically examined whether TCR gamma/delta+ cells might be capable of eliminating BM-derived hematopoietic cells, we established a new graft rejection model system in which transgenic (Tg) H-2d mice (termed G8), known to express gamma/delta heterodimers on high proportion of peripheral T cells, were used as BMT recipients. These Tg TCR gamma/delta+ cells respond vigorously to target cells that express the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class lb region gene products encoded in H-2T region of H-2T(b)+ strains. G8 Tg mice were used as recipients for C57BL/6 (B6: H-2(b); H-2T(b)) T-cell-depleted (TCD) donor BM. We show that G8 Tg (H-2(d), H-2T(d)) mice are potent mediators of B6 BM graft rejection and that the rejection process was inhibited by anti-TCR gamma/delta MoAbs. In contrast, BM from a B6 congenic strain that expresses the H-2T(a) allele, B6.A-Tl(a)/BoyEg, was readily accepted, suggesting that H-2T antigens on repopulating donor BM cells are the targets of host graft rejecting T cells that express the TCR gamma/delta heterodimer. PB chimerism studies were performed at > or = 1.5 months post-BMT using TCD BM from severe combined immunodeficient allogeneic donors, which is highly susceptible to rejection by the host. The addition of donor G8 TCR gamma/delta+ cells to TCD donor BM was shown to significantly increase alloengraftment in B6 recipients. These results show that (1) host TCR gamma/delta+ cells can reject repopulating donor cells, presumably by responding to nonclassical MHC class lb gene products expressed on BM-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells; and (2) donor TCR gamma/delta+ cells can facilitate the alloengraftment of rigorously TCD donor BM.     

Alloantigen presenting capacity, T cell alloreactivity and NK function of G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood cells

In this study we addressed whether the proportion and the function of antigen presenting cells (APC), T and NK lymphocytes are modified in the apheresis product of six healthy donors who received a stem cell mobilizing treatment with glycosylated G-CSF at 10 microg/kg/day x 5 days s.c. Flow cytometry analysis showed comparable percentages of HLA-DR+, CD19+, CD86+, CD80+ and CD1a+ cells in preG-CSF-peripheral blood mononuclear cells (preG-PBMC) and after mobilization in G-PBMC, whereas the proportion of CD14+ monocytes significantly increased in G-PBMC (3+/-1% vs 17+/-8%, P = 0.003). Analysis of lymphocyte subsets in preG-PBMC and G-PBMC showed similar proportions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD28+ T cells, but a significantly lower percentage of CD16+ (11+/-7% vs 4+/-1%, P=0.01), CD56+ (15+/-6% vs 5+/-2%, P= 0.008), CD57+ (16+/-9% vs 5+/-2%, P=0.04), CD25+ (19+/-2% vs 9+/-6%, p=0.009) and CD122+ (5+/-2% vs 2+/-1%, P = 0.05) cells in G-PBMC. Unfractionated preG-PBMC and G-PBMC were irradiated and tested in primary mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) with two HLA-incompatible responders and induced efficient alloresponses in four of six cases, whereas G-PBMC stimulated poorly in the remaining two cases. Also, in allo-MLC with irradiated G-PBMC we detected lower amounts of IFN-gamma (P = 0.04) and of IL-2 (P = 0.06) than in allo-MLC with preG-PBMC. Furthermore, freshly isolated preG-PBMC and G-PBMC from each donor exerted comparable allogeneic responses to HLA-incompatible irradiated mononuclear cells in all cases. However, G-PBMC showed no NK activity against K562 target cells at any effector:target ratio tested. These data suggest that normal G-PBMC may prevent Thl alloresponses, maintain efficient alloreactivity to HLA mismatched antigens and have impaired NK activity.     

Mechanism of Immune Hyporesponsiveness Induced by Recipient-derived Immature Dendritic Cells in Liver Transplantation Rat

Objective To investigate the mechanism of immune hyporesponsiveness induced by donor-antigen-unloaded recipient-derived immature dendritic cell (imDC) of liver grafts in rats.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats (donor) and forty male Wistar rats (recipient) were randomly divided into 4 groups:control,cyclosporine A (CsA),mature DC (mDC),and imDC groups respectively,with 10 donor rats and 10 recipient rats in each group.Recipient rats in CsA group were treated with 10 mg·kg-1.d-1 CsA starting day 2 after the transplantation.Recipients in the mDC or imDC groups were given Wistar rat derived mDCs (1×106/rat) or imDCs (1×106/rat) via dorsal vein of the penis respectively 1 day before the transplantation.In each group,5 recipients were kept for determination of survival time and the other 5 rats were executed at day 10 after transplantation.Blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT),total bilirubin (TBIL),interleulkin 2 (IL-2),interferon gamma (IFN-γ),IL-4,and IL-10 levels,liver tissue was harvested for HE staining and acute rejection evaluation.Expression levels of Fas-L/Fas in the grafts were detected by immunohistochemical staining; and Western blot was used to detect the expression level of Scurfin.Results The survival time of CsA and imDC groups was significantly longer than that of control and mDC groups (all P<0.05).The levels of serum ALT and TBIL in the control group (2072.20±217.93 IU/L and 147.42±22.02 umol/L) and mDC group (2117.00±285.13 IU/L and 141.58+20.82 μmol/L) were significantly higher than those in the CsA group (59.68±13.48 IU/L and 15.40±2.13 umol/L) or imDC group (50.80±19.63 IU/L and 14.44±3.49 umol/L) (all P<0.05).In the CsA and imDC groups,the levels of IL-2 (22.52±3.75 pg/mL and 22.12±3.90 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (309.20125.19 pg/mL and 321.00±21.64 pg/mL) were significantly lower,but the levels of IL-4 (297.60±25.07 pg/mL and 277.00±22.47 pg/mL) and IL-10 (1226.00+140.49 pg/mL and 1423.00±106.39 pg/mL) were higher than those of the control (IL-2:147.78±12.80 pg/mL,IFN-γ:1758.60±106.22 pg/mL,IL-4:17.40+4.77 pg/mL,IL-10:81.00± 9.47 pg/mL) and mDC groups (IL-2:142.34±9.29 pg/mL,IFN-γ:1835.OOi82.63 pg/mL,IL-4:15.60+ 3.96 pg/mL,IL-10:68.80±11.23 pg/mL) (all P<0.01).The expression level of Scurfin protein on CD4+CD25+ T cells of the imDC group (1.34±0.29) was significantly higher than that in the control (0.72±0.13),CsA (0.37±0.11),and mDC groups (0.78±0.17) (all P<0.05).Conclusion Donor-antigen-unloaded recipient-derived imDC is an effective treatment in inducing immune hyporesponsiveness through induction of T cell apoptosis,shift in Thl/Th2 balance,and proliferation of regulatory T cell.     

An MHC-compatible allogeneic bone marrow donor with a distinct role of T cell subsets in graft-versus-leukemia effect and lethal graft-versus-host disease

Our previous results in a murine model indicated that the GVL effect against radiation-induced leukemias could be induced in not only MHC-incompatible but also MHC-compatible allogeneic BMT, and that the intensity of the GVL effect induced in MHC-compatible allogeneic BMT varied among different leukemias and the donor/host strain combinations used. With the use of a radiation-induced T cell leukemia which followed the induction of the GVL effect in both MHC-compatible and -incompatible, allogeneic BMT, the role of T cell subsets in the development of the GVL effect and GVHD was studied. The results indicated that Lyt2+ T cells contaminating donor BM were consistently critical for the induction of the GVL effect in MHC-incompatible (B10) and -compatible (B10.BR and AKR) allogeneic BMT of leukemia-bearing C3H mice, but the depletion of L3T4+ T cells had no effect. In contrast, lethal GVHD induced by AKR donor lymph node cells was totally dependent on L3T4+ T cells, but the depletion of Lyt2+ T cells had no effect. On the other hand, both T cell subsets could cause lethal GVHD induced by MHC-incompatible (B10) and -compatible (B10.BR) allogeneic donors. The distinct roles of T cell subsets of AKR donors were confirmed by the preferential induction of the GVL effect with the AKR donor bone marrow mixed with lymph node cells which had been depleted of L3T4+ T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Blockade of the CD40-CD40 ligand pathway potentiates the capacity of donor-derived dendritic cell progenitors to induce long-term cardiac allograft survival

BACKGROUND: Failure of costimulatory molecule-deficient donor dendritic cells (DCs) to induce indefinite allograft acceptance may be a result of the 'late" up-regulation of these molecules on the DCs after interaction with host T cells. Ligation of CD40 on antigen-presenting cells by its cognate ligand CD40L is thought to induce expression of CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). We examined the influence of anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the capacity of donor-derived DC progenitors to induce long-term allograft survival. METHODS: High purity DC progenitors were grown from B10 (H2b) mouse bone marrow in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1). Mature DC were propagated in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. Their phenotype was characterized by flow cytometric analysis and their function by mixed leukocyte reactivity. Anti-donor cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in grafts and spleens of vascularized heart allograft recipients was also assessed. RESULTS: The TGFbeta3-cultured cells were (1) DEC 205-positive, MHC class II-positive, CD80dim, CD86dim, and CD40dim, (2) poor stimulators of naive allogeneic T-cell proliferation, and (3) able to prolong significantly B10 cardiac allograft survival in C3H (H2k) recipients when given (2 x 10[6] i.v.) 7 days before organ transplantation (median survival time [MST] 26 days vs. 12 days in controls, and 5 days in interleukin-4 DC-treated animals). Their allostimulatory activity was further diminished by addition of anti-CD40L mAb at the start of the mixed leukocyte cultures. Anti-CD40L mAb alone (250 microg/mouse, i.p.; day -7) did not prolong cardiac graft survival (MST 12 days). In contrast, TGFbeta-cultured DCs + anti-CD40L mAb extended graft survival to a MST of 77 days, and inhibited substantially the anti-donor cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity of graft-infiltrating cells and host spleen cells assessed 8 days after transplant. CONCLUSIONS: The CD40-CD40L pathway appears important in regulation of allogeneic DC-T-cell functional interaction in vivo; its blockade increases markedly the potential of costimulatory molecule-deficient DCs of donor origin to induce long-lasting allograft survival.     

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies: a retrospective comparison with marrow transplantation

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplants from HLA-identical siblings were performed in 37 patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. Outcomes were compared to a historical group of 37 similar patients with advanced hematologic malignancies receiving bone marrow (BM) transplants from HLA-identical donors. The PBSC group and historical BM group were well matched for diagnosis, disease stage, age, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Patients received PBSC transplants between 1993 to 1995 while BM patients were treated between 1989 to 1994. Engraftment, measured by the time to reach a peripheral neutrophil count > 500/L and platelet count > 20,000/microL without transfusions, occurred on days 14 and 11 in the patients transplanted with PBSC compared to days 16 and 15 in the patients receiving BM (P = .00063, .00014). The PBSC group required a median of 8 U of red blood cells and 24 U of platelets compared to 17 U of red blood cells and 118 U of platelets for BM transplant recipients (P = .0005, .0001). The estimated risks of developing grades 2 to 4 acute GVHD were 37% for the PBSC group and 56% for the BM group (P = .18), while the estimated risks of grades 3 to 4 acute GVHD were 14% for the PBSC group and 33% for the BM group, P = .05). Chronic GVHD occurred in 7 of 18 evaluable patients receiving PBSC and 6 of 23 evaluable patients receiving BM, P = .5. The estimated risks of transplant-related mortality at 200 days were 27% versus 45% (P = .33) relapse were 70% versus 53% (P = .27) and of overall survival were 50% and 41% (P = .39) for patients transplanted with PBSC or BM, respectively. This retrospective comparison suggests that compared to marrow transplantation from HLA-identical donors, allogeneic PBSC transplantation from HLA-identical donors is associated with faster engraftment, fewer transfusions, and no greater incidence of acute or chronic GVHD.