虾青素运载体系设计的研究进展与思考

鉴于虾青素水溶性差、易氧化降解和生物利用率低等缺陷,科学合理的运载体系是改善其应用特性的关键。本文对目前有关虾青素运载体系的研究进行了系统综述。在此基础上,对虾青素运载体系的研究现状和存在问题做了思考和总结。通过研究成果的梳理,对把握虾青素运载体系相关研究领域的前沿方向,探究运载体系与虾青素营养功能之间关系,具有重要的意义。同时,可为解决虾青素营养特性保持和赋型食品开发等产业实际问题提供理论依据。     

Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 by spray-drying using sweet whey and skim milk as encapsulating materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of encapsulating material on encapsulation yield, resistance to passage through simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 during storage. Microparticles were produced from reconstituted sweet whey or skim milk (30% total solids) inoculated with a suspension of L. acidophilus La-5 (1% vol/vol) and subjected to spray-drying at inlet and outlet temperatures of 180°C and 85 to 95°C, respectively. The samples were packed, vacuum-sealed, and stored at 4°C and 25°C. Encapsulation yield, moisture content, and resistance of microencapsulated L. acidophilus La-5 compared with free cells (control) during exposure to in vitro gastrointestinal conditions (pH 2.0 and 7.0) were evaluated. Viability was assessed after 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 d of storage. The experiments were repeated 3 times and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test for the comparison between means. The encapsulating material did not significantly affect encapsulation yield, average diameter, or moisture of the particles, which averaged 76.58 ± 4.72%, 12.94 ± 0.78 μm, and 4.53 ± 0.32%, respectively. Both microparticle types were effective in protecting the probiotic during gastrointestinal simulation, and the skim milk microparticles favored an increase in viability of L. acidophilus La-5. Regardless of the encapsulating material and temperature of storage, viability of the microencapsulated L. acidophilus La-5 decreased on average 0.43 log cfu/g at the end of 90 d of storage, remaining higher than 10⁶ cfu/g.     

Protective approaches and mechanisms of microencapsulation to the survival of probiotic bacteria during processing,storage and gastrointestinal digestion: A review

Abstract

In recent years, there is a rising interest in the number of food products containing probiotic bacteria with favorable health benefit effects. However, the viability of probiotic bacteria is always questionable when they exposure to the harsh environment during processing, storage, and gastrointestinal digestion. To overcome these problems, microencapsulation of cells is currently receiving considerable attention and has obtained valuable effects. According to the drying temperature, the commonly used technologies can be divided into two patterns: high temperature drying (spray drying and fluid bed drying) and low temperature drying (ultrasonic vacuum spray drying, spray chilling, electrospinning, supercritical technique, freeze drying, extrusion, emulsion, enzyme gelation, and impinging aerosol technique). Furthermore, not only should the probiotic bacteria maintain high viability during processing but they also need to keep alive during storage and gastrointestinal digestion, where they additionally suffer from water, oxygen, heat as well as strong acid and bile conditions. This review focuses on demonstrating the effects of different microencapsulation techniques on the survival of bacteria during processing as well as protective approaches and mechanisms to the encapsulated probiotic bacteria during storage and gastrointestinal digestion that currently reported in the literature.     

Health Effects of Probiotics on the Skin

Skin is the largest organ of the body and is constantly exposed to physical, chemical, bacterial, and fungal challenges. It is well known that probiotics are helpful for specific disorders and different clinical studies have indicated that probiotics have special effects in cutaneous apparatus directly or indirectly that can be considerable from versatile aspects. Probiotic bacteriotherapy can have great potential in preventing and treating the skin diseases including eczema, atopic dermatitis, acne, and allergic inflammation or in skin hypersensitivity, UV-induced skin damage, wound protection, and as a cosmetic product. The current paper comprehensively reviews the different health effects of probiotics on the skin.     

结肠菌群激活性结肠定位给药系统设计的生物药剂学思考

由于结肠菌群的存在与胃肠通过时间、pH以及疾病状况无关，因此，结肠菌群依赖性非淀粉多糖发酵是实现结肠定位给药的一种普遍触发机制。现已就这种给药系统设计出了结肠定位骨架片和结肠定位薄膜包衣两种释药平台。本文分析评价了这两种释药平台的体内崩解特性，并试图阐明哪种释药平台更适于结肠定位给药。此外，还简要介绍了与结肠释药有关的结肠生理参数。     

深冷冻技术在益生菌生产中的应用

深冷冻主要是利用低温制冷剂(液氮、液态、CO2等)为冷却介质,通过热量的对流和传导使冻品快速冻结达到低温处理的目的。冻品以足够快的冷却速度实现玻璃态,从而降低菌体细胞损伤。在益生菌生产中,深度冷冻效果好、菌体失活少、生产效率高、设备投资维护费用低,优于传统的冷冻干燥。益生菌生产中主要利用颗粒滴冻式设备,比传统冷冻装置有更多优点。深冷冻过程中主要存在胞外冻结和胞内冻结伤害两方面,但结合使用合理的保护剂可以降低细胞伤害,保护剂分为渗透性和非渗透性两大类。     

凝结芽孢杆菌在益生菌糖果中应用的可能性

为了探究益生菌糖果制作的可能性,以凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)为研究对象,通过测定不同温度、柠檬酸添加量以及组分下B.coagulans的D值,判断糖果加工条件对其存活数的影响程度。结果表明,在硬糖调和温度(110℃)下,18.41 min会造成90%B.coagulans死亡;在奶糖的调和温度(100℃)下,其D值为32.78min;在软糖的调和温度(70℃、75℃)下,B.coagulans死亡数较少;添加0.5%～1.5%的柠檬酸,会降低凝结芽孢杆菌的耐热性;110℃下添加茶粉后,凝结芽孢杆菌无法存活;110℃添加可可粉、100℃添加全脂乳粉对糖果中B.coagulans的存活没有影响。由此可知,B.coagulans完全可以应用于益生菌软糖糖果制品的开发,从而可以选择性地应用于奶糖、硬糖糖果制作。     

结肠菌群激活性结肠定位给药系统设计的生物药剂学思考

由于结肠菌群的存在与胃肠通过时间、pH以及疾病状况无关,因此,结肠菌群依赖性非淀粉多糖发酵是实现结肠定位给药的一种普遍触发机制。现已就这种给药系统设计出了结肠定位骨架片和结肠定位薄膜包衣两种释药平台。本文分析评价了这两种释药平台的体内崩解特性,并试图阐明哪种释药平台更适于结肠定位给药。此外,还简要介绍了与结肠释药有关的结肠生理参数。     

Microencapsulation of ginsenosides using polymerised whey protein (PWP) as wall material and its application in probiotic fermented milk

Ginsenosides was microencapsulated using heat‐induced polymerised whey protein as wall material. The entrapment yield was 95.46 ± 1.95% and release rates were about 20% and 100% in gastric and intestine juices, respectively. Microencapsulated ginsenosides (0.03% ginsenosides, w/v) were used for fermented milk formulation. Samples with microencapsulated ginsenosides had much higher acceptability compared with those with ginsenoside extract (P < 0.01). Addition of microencapsulated ginsenosides significantly decreased the syneresis of the sample (P < 0.01). The probiotics remained above 10⁶ CFU mL^?1 during the first 6 weeks, and no significant difference was observed in probiotics population during 10‐week storage for all samples. SEM micrograph revealed that addition of microcapsules did not change the structure of the samples considerably. The polymerised whey protein‐based microencapsulation might be an effective technique to deliver ginsenosides to small intestine through stomach. It also masked bitter taste and improved the colour of the fermented milks containing ginsenosides.     

Effects of encapsulation on the viability of probiotic strains exposed to lethal conditions

The effect of microencapsulation on the viability of Lactobacillus casei, L. paracasei, L. acidophilus Ki and Bifidobacterium animalis BB‐12 during exposure to lethal conditions (25% NaCl, pH 3.0 and 55–60 °C) was evaluated. Results demonstrated that survival of probiotic strains to the imposed lethal stress conditions was strain dependent. With the exception of exposure to 25% (w/v) NaCl, L. acidophilus Ki (free and encapsulated cells) demonstrated the highest survival rates through exposure to lethal conditions of temperature and pH. For this probiotic strain exposed to heat, microencapsulated cells expressed a higher heat tolerance at 55 °C than free cells. For the other tested bacteria, in general, encapsulation had no positive effect on survival through the tested lethal conditions.     

提高乳品中益生菌存活力的方法

从选择耐酸和耐胆汁的菌珠、合适的包装容器、合适的接种量,采取二步发酵法、微胶囊技术、添加蛋白质,肽和氨基酸、抗坏血酸、半胱氨酸及利用超声波降解乳酸菌释放β－半乳糖酶等10个方面,探讨了提高乳品中益生菌存活力的方法。     

利乐枕二次包装输送系统的设计

以利乐枕在装箱过程中的输送系统为研究对象,为实现装箱系统与灌装线系统在速度方面相匹配,提出了双线输送系统,并对输送系统中的关键结构伸缩皮带作了功能分析与参数分析.     

国外鱼用益生素的研究进展

近十年来,国外在鱼用益生素方面开展了一定的研究,取得了一些进展.在介绍益生菌这一概念及其作用机理的基础上,阐述了作为益生菌所必备的基本条件,综合介绍了益生素在鱼虾贝类等的应用研究结果,指出了今后在该方面研究时应当注意的3个关键词鱼;虾;贝类;益生素     

国外鱼用益生素的研究进展

近十年来,国外在鱼用益生素方面开展了一定的研究,取得了一些进展。在介绍益生菌这一概念及其作用机理的基础上,阐述了作为益生菌所必备的基本条件,综合介绍了益生素在鱼虾贝类等的应用研究结果,指出了今后在该方面研究时应当注意的3个关键问题。     

脉冲给药系统用于哮喘及心血管疾病研究进展

脉冲释药系统是一种根据临床治疗需要定时释放药物的剂型，可用来治疗某些节律性发作的疾病。脉冲制剂可提高药物的生物利用度，减少给药次数，并避免受体因长时间高血药浓度产生耐药性。本文介绍了脉冲给药系统在哮喘和心血管疾病方面的临床应用进展。     

益生菌辅助治疗手足口病的作用机制及临床应用进展

益生菌是一类对人体和动物体有益的菌,作为肠道内的正常微生物优势菌群,可调节菌群失调,促使肠道微生态恢复平衡.对肠道菌群与人类健康关系的深入研究发现,益生菌可对机体进行免疫调节、补充并调节肠道菌群,维持肠道微环境平衡,保护肠黏膜屏障功能、影响多种细胞因子以提高肠道免疫性能,可用于儿童手足口病的辅助治疗,明显缩短皮疹好转及...     

白酒计量自动化输送系统在酒库管理中的应用

在确定白酒计量自动化输送系统研制目标的基础上,结合目前白酒厂罐区计量管理系统的现状及对管理系统的要求,决定软件采用合肥恒昌自动化公司专为白酒行业罐区库存管理生产过程计算机控制系统开发的罐区计量管理系统,控制模块采用德国西门子公司的PLC控制系统,最终实现了计算机通讯、控制、显示、管理技术与相关的生产工艺过程有机结合,管理系统可记录酒体相关信息包括:品种、体积量、质量、酒度、液位高度、进罐时间、存罐时间、液位变化曲线等信息;保证了对酒的流量、勾兑纯水的流量、罐体之间倒酒量、各罐进酒量的精确计量和精确控制。     

食品运载体系包埋叶黄素的研究进展

叶黄素属于类胡萝卜素,具有多种生物活性功能,可以避免视网膜色素上皮细胞受蓝光损伤、预防心脑血管疾病、抗肿瘤等;此外,叶黄素还是天然的食品着色剂和抗氧化剂。但是叶黄素存在水溶性和化学稳定性较差、生物利用率低等缺陷,这限制了其在食品领域中的应用。利用食品运载体系可以解决上述问题。本文分析了限制叶黄素应用的原因,对现有食品运载体系包埋叶黄素的研究现状进行综述,以期为叶黄素的进一步研究与应用提供参考。     

食品运载体系包埋叶黄素的研究进展

叶黄素属于类胡萝卜素,具有多种生物活性功能,可以避免视网膜色素上皮细胞受蓝光损伤、预防心脑血管疾病、抗肿瘤等;此外,叶黄素还是天然的食品着色剂和抗氧化剂。但是叶黄素存在水溶性和化学稳定性较差、生物利用率低等缺陷,这限制了其在食品领域中的应用。利用食品运载体系可以解决上述问题。本文分析了限制叶黄素应用的原因,对现有食品运载体系包埋叶黄素的研究现状进行综述,以期为叶黄素的进一步研究与应用提供参考。