多主体系统AOSDE的安全机制

文中讨论了多主体系统中的安全性要求和实现方法,为了对付非法入侵者,多主体系统必须在安全的加密信道上运行,并提供多层次的检查机制,以满足分布式应用的要求,文中提出基于ＲＳＡ和Ｒａｂｉｎ地的加密信道,提供底层的签名和加密服务,并构造高层的权限控制机制ＤＳＭ。     

COMMUNICATION LANGUAGES FOR MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS

Agent Communication Languages (ACLs) have recently acquired a primary role in open multiagent systems, which need a standard communication framework shared by all interacting heterogeneous agents. According to the most important ACL standard proposals so far, agents are supposed to carry out the communication process by performing actions of a specific type, namely, communicative acts, whose semantics is defined in terms of the agents' mental states. Although following the mainstream guidelines inspired by the Speech Act Theory, our work illustrates an alternative model of agent communication, by shifting the focus from agents' mental states to their social state. Taking an existing communicative act library, we provide a semantics for a significant set of acts based on the concept of commitment, and prove that our approach tackles some issues that have not been dealt with in an effective way yet and that may have hindered the rise of an universally accepted ACL standard.     

FUZZY LOGIC APPLICATION IN ERGONOMIC RENEWAL OF MULTIAGENT MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

The formulation of ergonomic diagnosis of a multiagent manufacturing system is based on the list of 150 indexes of the so-called ergonomic quality connected with detailed ergonomic requirements. The ergonomic diagnosis parameters have been interpreted as measures of membership, in accordance with the fuzzy set theory. On account of the multiaspectual character of the ergonomic quality parameters formulated in the scale of the multiagent manufacturing system, the input form ergonomic diagnosis has the formula of a matrix. The fuzzy set, reflecting the relations of the ergonomic diagnosis parameters and human-machine interfaces of the manufacturing system, constitute the basis of the so-called soft inference concerning ergonomic renewal.     

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF FIELD-BASED MOTION COORDINATION IN MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS

Enabling and managing coordination activities between autonomous, possibly mobile, computing entities in dynamic computing scenarios challenges traditional approaches to distributed application development and software engineering. This paper specifically focuses on the problem of motion coordination, and proposes field-based coordination as a general framework to model and engineer such coordinated behaviors. The key idea in field-based coordination is to have agents' movements driven by computational force fields, generated by the agents themselves and/or by some infrastructure, and propagated across the environment. This paper shows that field-based approaches enable the definition of adaptive and effective motion coordination schemes, which can be modeled and tested by making use of a dynamical systems formalism, and which can be easily implemented either above existing middleware infrastructures or by making use of novel middleware specifically conceived for field-based coordination.     

A GRAMMAR-THEORETIC TREATMENT OF MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS

A variant of cooperating and distributed grammar systems—the so-called colony—is studied to capture some aspects of multiagent systems consisting of a finite number of very simple autonomous agents. A colony is considered as a set up from a finite number of regular grammars generating finite languages that cooperate without any explicit predefined strategy. Generative power and hierarchical properties of colonies are investigated. The behavioral (generative) stability of colonies as well as a modified model augmenting agents by ‘clocks’ is studied. It is proved that the generative power of colonies with augmented components overcomes the generative power of colonies without clocks.     

面向自动文摘的多Agent系统中的协调算法研究

为了解决自动文摘系统所面临的领域通用性和文摘质量的矛盾,提出了建造面向自动文摘的多Aent系统（MAS／ABS)的方案。建造这样的系统,有两个关键问题：建立什么样的系统模型和选择什么样的协调算法。给出了在Internet环境下面向自动文摘的多Agent系统模型,提出了3种协调算法。在仿真的基础上分析了系统性能,对3种协调算法进行了比较研究,并得到了在一定负载下面向各个领域合适的文摘Agent数目。     

LEARNING-BASED SCHEDULING OF FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES

Dispatching rules are usually applied to dynamically schedule jobs in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). Despite their frequent use a significant drawback is that the performance level of the rule is dictated by the current state of the manufacturing system. Because no rule is better than any other for every system state, it would be highly desirable to know which rule is the most appropriate for each given condition. To achieve this goal we propose a scheduling approach using support vector machines (SVMs). By using this technique and by analyzing the earlier performance of the system, “scheduling knowledge” is obtained whereby the right dispatching rule at each particular moment can be determined. Simulation results show that the proposed approach leads to significant performance improvements over existing dispatching rules. In the same way it is also confirmed that SVMs perform better than other traditional machine learning algorithms as the inductive learning when applied to FMS scheduling problem, due to their better generalization capability.     

FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

Many existing manufacturing facilities and production methods, unable to satisfy global market needs, have become obsolete. Today's marketplace demands a form of manufacturing that is completely different from traditional operational batch manufacturing systems. More plant managers are accepting and implementing new technologies known as flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs).     

FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

Many existing manufacturing facilities and production methods, unable to satisfy global market needs, have become obsolete. Today's marketplace demands a form of manufacturing that is completely different from traditional operational batch manufacturing systems. More plant managers are accepting and implementing new technologies known as flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs).     

一类柔软物体悬垂模拟中的变形约束

使用质点—弹簧模型来表示一类柔软物体(如织物)的建模方法在实时模拟技术中得到了广泛的应用。根据质点—弹簧模型的特点，在显式尤拉数值积分方法的基础上，创造性地提出了一种速度修正算法来克服建模方法所产生的超弹性行为。理论分析和实验均证明，该修正算法在不增加原有方法计算复杂度的前提下，有效地改善了悬垂结果的视觉准确性和真实性；同时，该修正算法也有效地弥补了显式尤拉算法的不稳定性。两者相结合的积分算法在模拟一类柔软物体悬垂行为的应用中是快速、稳定和准确的高效算法，非常适合应用于三维服装CAD中。     

一种基于多Agent适配器的组合软件建模方法

如何改编构件,使之复用以构造组合软件,是一个比较复杂的问题。本文介绍一种构件的装配方法,采用多个Agent型适配器,创建一种高弹性的复用机制。在此基础之上,提出了基于多Agent型适配器的建模方案。最后介绍了在该方法指导下的应用实例。     

A MULTIAGENT ENVIRONMENT FOR THE FLEXIBLE ENACTMENT OF KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE PROCESSES

Knowledge-intensive processes are characterized by vague specifications and a dynamic course of action. They require a flexible, knowledge-based enactment environment supporting the dynamic allocation of resources, changes in assignments, organizational structure, policies, and requirement and priorities, but also conflicts between resources participating in different processes. In this article, we present a multiagent enactment environment that incorporates the flexible allocation of resources but is also capable of handling various types of runtime exceptions. The benefits of adopting a knowledge-based approach are demonstrated based on a prototype implementation of an IT-Helpdesk scenario.     

A LATTICE‐BASED APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF RECRUITMENT IN MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS

Multiagent systems constitute an independent topic at the intersection between distributed computing and artificial intelligence. As the algorithmic techniques and the applications for multiagent systems have been continuously developing over the last two decades reaching significantly mature stages, many methodological problems have been addressed. In this paper, we aim to contribute to this methodological assessment of multiagent systems by considering the problem of choosing, or recruiting, a subset of agents from a set of available agents to satisfy a given request. This problem, which we call problem of recruitment, is encountered, for example, in matchmaking and in task allocation. We present and study a novel formal approach to the problem of recruitment, based on the algebraic formalism of lattices. The resulting formal framework can support the development of algorithms for automatic recruitment.     

基于强化学习的多智能体动态协作规则提取

在分布式的动态环境下,多智能体系统的协作是建立在规则集合上的动态过程,因此需要建立动态的协作规则.多智能体强化学习的平稳状态本质上即是智能体之间的协作规则,据此提出一种基于强化学习的协作规则提取的方法,并由此构成智能体决策的新结构,最后用实例进行分析和证明了所提出的方法与单纯的强化学习方法相比较,具有如下优点:1)提取的规则可以加快多智能体的协作决策过程;2)规则的动态变化可以适应环境的动态变化;3)规则可以避免多次重复的学习过程.     

基于自治及合作的整子制造系统

整子制造系统是智能制造计划中提出的一种未来的制造模式，本文对其概念、理论和 研究状况进行了介绍和分析．整子是构造制造系统的一种模块，它具有自治性及合作性，而 整子制造系统则追求快速适应环境变化的能力．整子制造系统采用了一种松弛的动态递阶控 制结构．目前整子制造系统仍然处于对“下一代制造模式”的研究阶段，离实际应用还有一 定的距离．     

多智能体组织结构在并行工程中的应用

本文提出了用多智能体的组织结构来描工行工程环境下的企业组织方式和决策行为，并提出了一种适合的多智能体系统结构和一种通用的和智能体内部结构。     

CASE AND TQM FOR FLEXIBLE SYSTEMS

Integrating total quality management (TQM) concepts into the systems development process results in efficient, flexible, quality software that is developed and delivered on time. This article explains how to introduce TQM concepts into the development process using CASE tools.     

HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SIMULATION OF HIGH AUTONOMY SYSTEMS

A high autonomy system is an intelligent system with self-determination power. Such a system must perform a variety of functions such as reasoning, planning, sensing, control, and other activities necessary to achieve predefined system objectives over an extended period of time under uncertainties in its environment. Simulation modelling can be a powerful tool for design of such complex autonomy systems. This paper describes the hierarchical, modular system concepts for simulation of high autonomy systems with an example of an intelligent control system called the AIDECS (Al-based, Distributed Environmental Control System). The paper emphasizes on development of methods, in an object-oriented manner, for isomorphic replications of complex hierarchical structures as a means of constructing hierarchical models. We show how polymorphism and inheritance in the object-oriented programming can be exploited to develop such methods in DEVS-Scheme, a realization of the DEVS formalism in a LISP-bascd, object-oriented framework.     

工程约束表示模型与求解算法研究

分析了工程设计中约束问题的特点和规律,阐明了工程约束与几何约束在工程ＣＡＤ领域中的表现形式,从一般工程意义上提出了符合工程特点的“多元约束图”的约束表示模型。基于“多元约束图”模型,文章提出了“最小约束度优先和最小值域范围优先”的约束求解算法,描述了针对该算法的约束传播层的设计思想,将约束变量有序地形成一单向依赖关系表,有效地表达了约束一致性的思想,较大规模地减少了搜索空间,该研究应用于工厂钢结构     

TOLERANT PLANNING AND NEGOTIATION IN MULTIAGENT ENVIRONMENTS

Tolerant planning improves the likelihood of plans being successfully executed despite uncertainties and changes during execution. By tolerating execution errors, dynamic replanning need not be invoked as often or as immediately as in a less tolerant plan. The approach in designing tolerant plans is to allow for redundancies in the requirements (usually resources) for execution. While this approach is feasible, it raises another problem—more conflicts must be resolved during planning. This conflict resolution problem can be solved using a novel model of iterative negotiation for multiagent coordination. It requires agents to be skillful in negotiating with other agents to resolve conflicts in such a way as to minimize compromising their own tolerance while being benevolent in helping others find a feasible plan. This paper also describes an application of these concepts in a planner that generates conflict-free movement schedules for several mobile robots in a factory domain.