三氯乙烯与氯仿萃取糠醛特性的比较

本文比较了三氯乙烯和氯仿对糠醛的萃取特性及其物化特性。给出了两者逆流萃取时的操作线方程。用图解法比较萃取塔及蒸馏塔的理论级数。通过比较,发现三氯乙烯的综合性能略优于氯仿。     

SYNERGISTIC EXTRACTION OF EUROPIUM(III) WITH BENZOIC ACID AND THENOYLTRIFLUOROACETONE

ABSTRACT

The solvent extraction of europium(III) into solutions of thenoyltrifluoroacetone and benzoic acid in cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, chloroform, pentachloroethane, and tetrachloroethane has been measured at 25°C. It has been found that the extracted species involve two types of adducts, EuA₃· HB and EuA₃· 2HB where A denotes the TTA anion and HB the benzoic acid monomer. The magnitude of the adduct formation constants in different solvents has been correlated with the dimerization constants of benzoic acid in the solvents.     

KINETIC MODELS FOR LIQUID-PHASE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF TOLUENE TO BENZOIC ACID WITH PURE OXYGEN

The liquid phase oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid by pure oxygen has been performed in a bubble reactor by using cobalt acetate tetrahydrate as catalyst. The influence of the oxygen partial pressures on the reaction kinetics were first investigated, and the results showed that the influence was neglectable in the high oxygen pressure range (>0.5 MPa) under 155°C. Thereby, the reaction rates in the oxidation using pure oxygen are independent of the oxygen partial pressure and expressed as the first order to liquid reactants. Based on a kinetic scheme that involves both benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde, the kinetic models can well describe the reaction process. Furthermore, the results indicated that the production of benzyl alcohol is much slower than its consumption to form benzaldehyde and the scheme can be further simplified to a kinetic equation, which involves only benzaldehyde as intermediate. The simplified reaction scheme also well describes the reaction, and, thus, the derived kinetic models agree well with the experimental data. The reaction constants follow the Arrhenius law. The estimated activation energies are in the range from 92.63 kJ·mol^?1 to 67.81 kJ·mol^?1.     

UHMWPE冻胶纤维复合萃取剂的配制及其萃取工艺

探讨了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(ＵＨＭＷＰＥ)冻胶纤维的萃取机理。为防止有机萃取剂的挥发,将其与水配成水包油型乳液,作为复合萃取剂。讨论了复合萃取剂的挥发性,研究了不同配比复合萃取剂对聚乙烯冻胶纤维的萃取工艺。结果表明:复合萃取剂中有效萃取成份为有机萃取剂,各复合萃取剂最佳萃取浴比时其中有机萃取剂与丝条重量比均为１７:１左右,最佳萃取时间均为６分钟。     

十二烷基苯磺酸对增塑剂DOTP合成的催化作用

探索了对苯二甲酸和异辛醇在十二烷基苯磺酸催化作用下制备对苯二甲酸二异辛酯（ＤＯＴＰ）的反应规律，在醇、酸摩尔比为３０～４０∶１、催化剂用量为１３１．８（ｗｔ％）时，ＤＯＴＰ的产率达到９９６％。     

氯苯的固体酸催化选择性─硝化

氯苯在固体酸存在下能被硝酸铜对位选择性一硝化，产物对邻比达到５．５。     

苯甲酸液相催化氧化合成苯酚

研究了苯甲酸液相空气催化氧化合成苯酚在2 L不锈钢反应器中进行的反应,考察了反应规律.通过单因子实验得最佳工艺条件为 反应温度230 ℃,空气流量4.5 l/min,搅拌转速600 r/min,催化剂质量分数4%(Cu) ,助催化剂质量分数2%(MA).通过均匀实验设计,建立了苯酚产率与相关实验条件在实验条件范围内的回归方程Y＝47.15-0.915X1-0.57X2+2.895X3;重复实验收率达到80 %(摩尔分数).苯酚选择性达到90%(摩尔分数)以上,达到了工业化中试应用的要求.     

苯甲酸液相催化氧化合成苯酚

研究了苯甲酸液相空气催化氧化合成苯酚在2L不锈钢反应器中进行的反应,考察了反应规律。通过单因子实验得最佳工艺条件为：反应温度230℃,空气流量4．5l/min,搅拌转速600r/min,催化剂质量分数4％（Cu),助催化剂质量分数2％（MA）,通过均匀实验设计,建立了苯酚产率与相关实验条件在实验条件范围内的回归方程：Y＝47．15－0．915X1－0．57X2＋2．895X3;重复实验收率达到80％（摩尔分数）。苯酚选择性达到90％（摩尔分数）以上,达到了工业中试应用的要求。     

尿素增效剂聚天门冬氨酸的分子量及其分布测定

聚天门冬氨酸是一种用途广泛的新型化工试剂,逐渐被应用于尿素增效剂,它的分子量及其分布对其使用性能有较大影响.通过高温凝胶在线黏度色谱仪(GPCV),可以简化特性黏度的计算,快速得到聚天门冬氨酸的分子量及其分布,分子量的最大偏差在1.02%～4.2%之间,同时给出35℃时,0.1mol/L硝酸钠溶液中聚天门冬氨酸溶液的K值为1.09×10-3dL/g,α为0.40.     

ACETIC ACID AS AN OXYGEN CARRIER BETWEEN TWO PHASES FOR EPOXIDATION OF OLEIC ACID

Acetic acid was found to be an effective oxygen carrier for epoxidation of oleic acid. The reaction model of oleic acid epoxidation in the two-phase reaction system was systematically analyzed and the rate determining step was experimentally identified.

The results indicated that the rate of oxidation of the unsaturated acid was independent of the concentration of oleic acid and depended on the mixing rate and the rate of formation peracetic acid which in turn depended on the concentration of acetic acid, strength of acid catalyst and the oxygen source, hydrogen peroxide. In the region of reaction control, the rate equation of epoxidation was found to be

$

where k = 2.98 × 10^-2 M^-2 min^-1 at temperature of 35^°C.     

聚丙烯原料生产的生命周期评价及与聚乳酸的比较

以聚丙烯为对象,利用生命周期评价的原理分析聚丙烯原料生产过程中的能源消耗和对全球温室效应的影响,同时将聚丙烯与生物质材料聚乳酸进行了初步的生命周期比较。结果表明,聚丙烯在传统石油材料中已经具有明显的能源优势和较低的温室气体排放。1kg聚丙烯排放1．939kgCO2,1kg聚乳酸排放1．77kgCO2。     

MECHANISM OF POLYMER-BASED SEPARATIONS. I. COMPARISON OF PHOSPHINIC ACID WITH SULFONIC ACID ION EXCHANGE RESINS

The metal ion complexing ability of the phosphinic acid polymeric extractant has been compared with that for the sulfonic acid ion exchange resin. Based on the performance of the extractants with Fe(III), Hg(II), and Mn(II) under dilute solution/ high acid conditions, both with and without the presence of a large excess of sodium ions, it is concluded that the phosphinic resin operates through an entropy-driven coordination for hard trivalent ions such as Fe(III), an enthalpy -driven coordination for soft ions such as Hg(II) and only ion exchange for hard divalent ions such as Mn(II). The sulfonic resin operates non-selectively through the ion exchange mechanism.     

磷钨酸催化合成对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的研究

以磷钨酸为催化剂合成了时羟基苯甲酸乙酯，讨论了影响合成产率的各种因素，产率可达46．4％。     

添加Mg-Al-Si体系烧结助剂的氮化硅陶瓷的无压烧结

以MgO-Al2O3-SiO2体系作为烧结助剂,研究了氮化硅陶瓷的无压烧结。着重考察了烧结温度、保温时间以及烧结助剂用量等工艺因素对氮化硅陶瓷材料力学性能和显微结构的影响,通过工艺调整来设计材料微观结构以提高材料的力学性能。在烧结助剂质量分数为3.2％的情况下,经1 780℃,3 h无压烧结,氮化硅大都呈现长柱状β-Si3N4晶粒,具有较大的长径比,显微结构均匀。样品的相对密度达99%,抗弯强度为956.8 MPa,硬度HRA为93,断裂韧性为6.1 MPa·m1/3。具有较大长径比晶粒构成的显微结构是该材料表现较高力学性能的原因。     

糖滤泥作成孔剂研制环保型保温材料

以粉煤灰、废玻璃以及粘土为主要原料,糖滤泥为成孔剂,经粉碎、球磨、干燥、成形、烧成研制新型环保型保温材料。试验研究表明:以粉煤灰25wt%,糖滤泥28wt%,废玻璃14wt%,水曲柳33 wt%,在成型压力为20MPa,烧成温度1060℃,保温时间30min下,可制备出体积密度为1.265g/cm3,抗折强度14 MPa,孔隙率达到35%的环保型保温材料。     

磷渣矿化熟料的水化凝结和硬化特征

通过物性检测、ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ分析和孔结构测试等，对以磷渣作为矿化剂煅烧的硅酸盐水泥熟料水化、凝结硬化特征进行了研究，认为矿化熟料中Ａ矿数量增多，发育良好，尺寸适当，加上Ｐ２Ｏ５的固溶作用，使其水化活性有所提高，是获得早强、高强的内在原因。     

苯甲酸封端间苯型不饱和聚酯树脂的合成及性能研究

本文合成了苯甲酸封端的间苯型不饱和聚酯树脂,并就树脂中苯乙烯的含量、浇铸体的后固化时间对树脂性能的影响和浇铸体的耐酸、耐碱性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,苯乙烯的含量在35~40%之间,后固化时间为10h,树脂的性能达到最佳;苯甲酸封端后的间苯型不饱和聚酯树脂的耐酸、耐碱性能均有所提高。     

绿色水处理剂聚天冬氨酸的合成与性能

对以马来酸酐为原料合成聚天冬氨酸的工艺路线分为胺化、聚合、水解三个步骤进行了研究,分别考察三步反应的温度、时间和原料配比条件对产物的平均分子量和阻垢性能的影响,研究结果表明胺化反应最适宜的反应条件是原料配比为MA：NH3=1：3,反应时间6h,温度为800℃;聚合反应最适宜的反应温度是230℃,时间是3h;水解反应适宜的温度和时间分别是50℃和30min。产物聚天冬氨酸的粘均分子量均达到3500以上。     

拉伸作用对采用超临界CO2发泡时气泡成核的影响

分析采用超临界CO2流体挤出发泡成型时拉伸作用对聚合物分子自由体积的影响,以及由此引起的对气泡成核的影响。利用具有不同入口收敛角的锥型挤出口模进行了验证,结果显示,拉伸作用可增加气泡的成核数目,减小气泡的平均直径。