大孔树脂吸附和分离牛心朴子草中生物碱的研究(续)

以牛心朴子草为原料,研究了采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂吸附和分离牛心朴子草中生物碱时吸附流速和洗脱流速对吸附过程的影响,同时确定了树脂用量。研究结果表明,AB-8最佳吸附流速和洗脱流速为1~2ml/min;树脂用量为0.022g/mg。     

REMOVAL OF ALUMINUM FROM PICKLING BATH LIQUIDS BY TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY AMINE EXTRACTANTS

In this work, several extractants and solvents have been investigated for the selective removal of aluminum from a pickling bath, containing HF and H₃PO₄ as its main active components, each at a concentration of 0.01–0.30 M. The final aim of the research is to increase the lifetime of the pickling bath, resulting in reduced operating costs, in a decreased environmental burden, and in a more constant and better pickling performance. Several tertiary amines and one quaternary amine salt have been examined as extractants, Shellsol D70, paraffine and Marlowtherm S have been examined as solvents and Exxal 13 has been examined as a modifier. None of the aluminum extractions were completely selective as phosphorus was co-extracted; selectivities obtained were 0.16–1.1. Aggregation took place in many shake tests, but adding Exxal 13 to the organic phase decreased the aggregation in most cases. Of the solvents tested, Shellsol D70 showed the lowest aggregation. The best conditions for SLM were found to be 1.0 M Alamine 308/Alamine 336 with 50 g/l Exxal 13. In almost all shake tests, [Al] : [P] ≈ 1 : 1.3–1.9 in the organic phase.     

从洗油中分离和精制苊的新工艺研究

采用精馏和重结晶相结合的方法,研究了从洗油中分离和精制苊的新工艺.结果表明,单纯使用多次精馏的方法很难制得高纯度的苊,而通过精馏与重结晶相结合的方法可制得高纯度的苊;提出了从洗油中提取苊的精馏-重结晶工艺,该工艺具有能耗低、纯度高、收率高、工艺简单、溶剂可多次循环套用、无环境污染和成本低等优点.     

SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF PALLADIUM(II) WITH A SCHIFF BASE AND SEPARATION OF PALLADIUM FROM Pd(II)-Pt(VI) MIXTURE

ABSTRACT

A new Schiff base extractant, N,N'-bis[l-phenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-pyrazole-4-benzylidenyl]-l,3-propylene diamine (H₂A) was synthesized and characterized. The extraction mechanism of palladium(II) from HNO₃ or HClO₄ medium with H₂A in chloroform or toluene was investigated. The influences of the Schiff base concentration in the organic phase, the concentration of palladium, the pH and anions (Cl^?, S0₄ ^?, NO₃ ^?, ClO₄ ^?) in the aqueous phase and the temperature on the distribution ratio for palladium (II) have been examined. The extracted complex has been confirmed by chemical analysis, thermoanalyses and IR spectroscopy. It was found that palladium is extracted according to the following extraction reaction:

The extraction equilibrium constants of palladium(II) were 8·4 and 21·3 in chloroform and toluene diluents, respectively. The values for the enthalpy and standard free energy of extraction were also obtained. The separation of Pd(II) from the mixed solution of Pd(II)-Pt(IV) was achieved by adjusting the pH.     

液膜法提取发酵液中的柠檬酸—分离过程及工艺条件

采用乳状液膜法分离发醇液中的柠檬酸,讨论了该方法的工艺过程,对乳水比,油内比、搅拌速率、 破乳及油相回用等工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明,在Span-80- TOA-Na2CO3- 煤油所组成的膜体系中,选择Rwe=1:2,R oi=1:1,n=330-350r/min的工艺条件可得到满意的提取结果。     

THE EXTRACTION OF NEPTUNIUM(V) BY METHYLTRIOCTYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND 1-PHENYL-3-METHYL-4-BENZOYL-5-PYRAZOLONE

The synergistic effect of methyltrioctylammonium chloride (QCI) on the extraction of Np(V) by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazolone(HP) in benzene is studied over the pH range 2-6. This system extracts Np(V) better than any previously reported. The interaction of the extractants and monomer-dimer equilibria affect the distribution behavior of Np(V) in a complicated manner. Analysis of the results suggests that NpO₂ ⁺ (M⁺) is extracted as mixed dimers, (QMP₂QCl)_o and (QMP₂QP)_o.     

高温低热导率隔热材料的研究现状及进展

新型隔热材料的一个重要发展方向是具有高温低热导率的复合材料的研究和开发。重点对硅酸铝纤维、六钛酸钾晶须及气凝胶二氧化硅隔热材料的特点进行了综述,探讨了几种颇具前景的高效高温隔热材料。     

甲基丙烯酰胺制甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应动力学研究

本文通过实验测定了工业生产条件范围内，甲基丙烯酰胺（MAM）与甲醇（MeOH)水溶液在硫酸存在的条件下酯化反应生成甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的反应动力学数据。反应条件为：70－90℃，MAM：MeOH:H2O:H2SO4=1:2:3:1.7mol/molγ-丁内酯（γ－B.L)为均相剂。     

NaY分子筛与氯化稀土溶液加压连续交换的研究

在螺旋管反应装置上研究了混合氯化稀土与NaY分子筛在水溶液中的加压连续离子交换反应动力学。测定了不同温度下RE~(3+)-Na~+离子交换反应动力学数据;并考察了投料比对动力学的影响;讨论了离子交换反应的控制步骤;得出了有利于加压连续交换的条件以及有关动力学参数。     

硫磷混酸分解清平磷矿第二阶段酸解特性研究

采用四川清平磷矿，研究了硫磷混酸分解磷矿第２阶段的酸解反应特性。实验结果表明扩散对过程影响严重，在此基础上提出了强化第２阶段反应过程的措施。     

PREDICTION OF CRITICAL PROPERTIES OF 1-HEXENE/HEXENE ISOMERS/CARBON DIOXIDE MIXTURES WITH A CUBIC EOS: SENSITIVITY TO MIXTURE COMPOSITION AND TO THE PATH OF APPROACH TO CRITICAL POINTS

Critical loci of 1hexene/CO₂ and (hexene isomer pseudo-component)/CO₂ binary mixtures, along with the critical properties of the ternary mixture of CO₂/l-hexene/(hexene isomer pseudo-component) were predicted using Gibbs' thermodynamic criteria for criticality in conjunction with the Peng-Robinson (P-R) EOS. Maximum deviation in the critical pressures of the l-hexene/CO₂ binary mixture is less than 2% from reported experimental values. The addition of hexene isomer to the l-hexene/CO₂ binary and the path of approach to mixture critical points are shown to have surprisingly strong effects on predicted mixture critical properties. For a given ternary mixture, multiple critical points are predicted depending upon the isopleth (either constant CO₂ mole fraction path or constant 1-hexene mole fraction path) along which the critical point is approached. Critical densities predicted along the CO₂ isopleth of approach to critical points are always smaller than the ones predicted along the 1-hexene isopleth of approach. Furthermore, upon hexene isomer addition to the l-hexene/CO₂ binary, whereas the predicted critical property surfaces of the ternary system vary monotonically along the CO₂ isopleth of approach, extrema in these surfaces are predicted when approaching the mixture critical points along 1-hexene isopleths. These anomalous predictions are attributed to the inability of the cubic EOS to accurately model the phase behavior near the critical point.