宽ZVS负载范围4开关三电平直流变换器

提出一种4开关PWM三电平ZVS直流变换器,该变换器由传统三电平直流变换器和对称控制的半桥直流变换器复合而成。该电路非常适合高压直流变换领域。该变换器具有如下优点:所有开关串行联接,每个开关器件承受Vin/2的电压应力;4开关构造输出三电平,可有效减小输入输出滤波器并提高变换器的动态响应时间;所有开关器件在较宽的负载范围内实现软开关。文中分析了该电路的工作原理、软开关特性以及输入输出特性,并搭建了一套实验装置验证电路的基本工作原理。实验结果表明该电路工作原理正确,可以正常工作。     

DC-bus voltage control of three-phase AC/DC PWM converters usingfeedback linearization

In this paper, a fast voltage control strategy of three-phase AC/DC pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters applying a feedback linearization technique is proposed. First, incorporating the power balance of the input and output sides in system modeling, a nonlinear model of the PWM converter is derived with state variables such as AC input currents and DC output voltage. Then, by input-output feedback linearization, the system is linearized and a state feedback control law is obtained by pole placement. With this control scheme, output voltage responses become faster than those in a conventional cascade control structure. For robust control to parameter variations, integrators are added to the exact feedback control law. Since the fast voltage control is feasible for load changes, it is shown that the DC electrolytic capacitor size can be reduced. In addition, the capacitor current is analyzed for size reduction of the capacitor. As is usual with PWM converters, the input current is regulated to be sinusoidal and the source power factor can be controlled at unity. The experimental results are provided to verify the validity of the proposed control algorithm for a 1.5 kVA insulated gate bipolar transistor PWM converter system     

基于电流矢量的三电平逆变器死区和管压降补偿策略

在电机控制过程中,死区和管压降的存在导致逆变器输出波形畸变。为了消除电压和电流的畸变,死区和管压降补偿是必要的。本文给出了一种简洁高效的三电平电压型逆变器死区补偿方法,用以改善电机的输出波形,详细分析了死区产生机理,利用电流矢量对死区进行准确补偿。根据PWM状态和电流矢量的位置分析功率器件压降的变化,结合电流方向进行补偿。最后基于F2812DSP芯片的三电平逆变器实验平台对该方法进行了开环和闭环实验研究,验证了理论分析的正确性和实际可行性。     

Direct space vector PWM strategy for matrix converters with reduced number of switching transitions

This paper proposes a novel “Direct Space Vector PWM (Direct SVPWM)” strategy based on the direct AC/AC conversion approach for three‐phase to three‐phase matrix converters. This method allows the sinusoidal input and output waveforms as a major premise, and gives top priority to the improvement of output control performance in motor drive applications, such as providing maximum riding comfort in elevators, etc. Output voltage harmonics, switching losses, and common‐mode voltages can be reduced across the entire voltage region. In addition, the switching count can be reduced even further by fully utilizing the output current detection value. Direct space vectors are first defined, and the method of selecting space vectors is described. Next, the PWM duty calculation technique is explained. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparison with the conventional virtual indirect method based on experimental and analytical results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(3): 52–63, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20953     

Five-level double converters for induction motor drives

In this article, a PWM control strategy for a three-phase, five-level double converter system is proposed. The proposed method is able to correct the five-level DC potentials, maintain the input power factor at near unity, and achieve adjustable-speed drive. Simulation and experimental results verified the validity of the control strategy. However, large voltage ripples were observed in the experimental results. Further study is needed to develop a control method that can reduce voltage ripples at the DC link capacitors as well as the harmonic distortions of the input and output waveforms     

Design aspects of synchronous PWM rectifier-inverter systems underunbalanced input voltage conditions

A complete analysis of a synchronous front-end PWM rectifier-inverter system under unbalanced input voltage conditions is presented. The analysis includes the harmonic assessment of input/output current and voltage waveforms. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that input voltage unbalance generates uncharacteristic low-frequency harmonic components in the input and output currents. Special emphasis is given to the generation of a DC component in the inverter output voltage in the case in which the output frequency is twice the input frequency. System design curves for different degrees of unbalance for all major system components are reported. Key predicted results are confirmed experimentally     

基于交-直-交型矩阵变换器的多驱动系统的控制策略

在交-直-交型矩阵变换器(AC-DC-AC MC)的基础上，提出了一种新型的多驱动系统拓扑电路及其控制策略。拓扑电路由一个整流单元和多个逆变单元组成，多个逆变单元接在同一直流母线上，可以同时驱动和控制多路负载。PWM整流控制可以获得单位输入功率因数的正弦PWM波输入电流。在多个逆变单元中采用空间矢量调制，可以分别获得不同频率和幅值的正弦PWM波输出电压；同时通过合理插入零矢量，实现输入侧零电流换流。仿真实验结果证实了文中所提出理论的正确性。     

A Novel Bilateral Power Conversion Scheme for Variable Frequency Static Power Supplies

PWM voltage source inverters (VSI's) supplied from diode rectifiers are employed with most of today's static power supplies for variable frequency ac type loads. This method generates nonsinusoidal input and output voltage/current waveforms and yields poor system reliability. An upgraded method of power conversion is presented that eliminates both problems. In addition, it allows bidirectional power flow which improves efficiency and simplifies cooling requirements. The subject method requires a PWM rectifier and a PWM current source inverter. Advanced PWM techniques employed with both static Converters allow the minimization of all associated passive components.     

A new PWM control method for AC to DC converters withhigh-frequency transformer isolation

A PWM control method for a switch-mode rectifier (SMR) based on the idea of coordinate transformation is presented. This method realizes sinusoidal input current waveforms, a controllable input displacement factor, and an arbitrary output voltage waveform. This method is advantageous for reducing higher and fractional harmonic components of the input waveforms and is suitable for real-time control. Simulations and experiments are carried out to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method     

三相电压型脉宽调制整流器矢量控制研究

在三相电压型脉宽调制整流器d-q轴数学模型的基础上，对其矢量解耦控制策略进行了研究，提出了基于电流的状态解耦和电网电压前馈补偿的控制策略。仿真结果表明，采用此控制策略的整流器能够扶徘忡化功率心数的正弦输入电流、稳定的直流输出电压和快速的动态响应，并能够实现能量的双向流动。     

三相电压型脉宽调制整流器矢量控制研究

在三相电压型脉宽调制整流器d-q轴数学模型的基础上,对其矢量解耦控制策略进行了研究,提出了基于电流的状态解耦和电网电压前馈补偿的控制策略。仿真结果表明,采用此控制策略的整流器能够获得单位功率因数的正弦输入电流、稳定的直流输出电压和快速的动态响应,并能够实现能量的双向流动。     

A technique of parallel connections of pulsewidth-modulated NPC inverters by using current-sharing reactors

The neutral-point-clamped (NPC) PWM inverters have many advantages such as the ability to operate the motor with nearly sinusoidal current waveforms. For this reason, in larger-capacity inverter systems, NPC PWM inverters using the GTOs, etc., have also been put into practical use because of great advantages to large-capacity ac motor drives such as lower ripple currents and higher output voltages. With the spread of applications, still larger-capacity inverters also are expected. However, since the capacities of such switching devices are insufficient, a certain technique and controlling method are proposed for the parallel connections of NPC inverters. The output voltage waveforms of the proposed inverter have certain voltage levels, and thus it is anticipated that it will be difficult to analyze the output harmonics. For such waveforms of output voltage and current-sharing reactor, a frequency analysis approach is described whose results are verified by experiments.     

基于IMC多机传动系统的控制策略研究

针对传统交直交变换器多机传动系统中间直流环节存在大电感或大电容而使其体积大,笨重等的问题,采用了一种新颖的基于间接矩阵变换器IMC的多机传动系统电路拓扑。其结构紧凑,体积小,重量轻;整流级采用两段式PWM调制策略,可获得单位功率因数的正弦输入电流,多个逆变级均采用空间矢量调制,实现各个逆变级的独立控制,获得不同频率和幅值的正弦电压。在这种调制策略的基础上,分析了零矢量重叠PWM分布方式对输入输出性能的影响,它可以实现整流级电路的零电流换流,减少了逆变级的开关次数,极大地降低了开关损耗,提高了变换器的效率。仿真结果表明:采用零矢量重叠的调制策略可以减少输出电压电流的谐波含量,能够有效改善传动系统的动态和稳态性能。     

A control method to realize sinusoidal input and output current waveforms for matrix converters based on PWM

A matrix converter (MC) is a three‐phase AC‐to‐AC direct converter without any energy storage requirement. It is expected to be a next‐generation converter by reason of possibilities of small size and high efficiency. At present, there are some problems preventing it from being used practically. One of the problems is the distortion in the input current. The control methods proposed so far have not realized sufficient reduction of the input current harmonics compared with conventional PWM rectifiers. As a solution to these problems, many approaches have been proposed. In the present paper, an improved PWM method that can achieve both sinusoidal input and output currents simultaneously is considered. In this method, the MC is treated as a controlled voltage source viewed from the load side. On the other hand, it is treated as a controlled current source viewed from the line side. The proposed control method is based on the mathematical expression of the function of the PWM operation of MC. To improve the input current waveform, two line‐to‐line voltages of the three‐phase line are used to control the output current. The output duty ratio of the two line‐to‐line voltages is utilized to improve the input current waveform without affecting the controllability of the output current. In addition, the compensation of the variations in the line voltage and the output current are introduced. In this way, the proposed method can realize the sinusoidal input and output currents. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is confirmed by some experimental results employing a laboratory prototype. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(1): 66–76, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20242     

三相软开关PWM逆变器载波方式的选择

详细阐述不同载波方式对PWM逆变器输出特性的影响。指出三角载波用于硬开关PWM逆变器时 ,由于死区时间的影响 ,其输出电压电流在基波频域中含有谐波成分 ;软开关PWM逆变器如果也采用三角载波 ,则不但难以控制谐振电路的起振时间 ,而且谐振电路损耗大 ,直流电压的利用率低 ;硬开关PWM逆变器采用锯齿载波调制 ,必将导致严重的电流波形失真 ;软开关PWM逆变器交替使用正负斜率锯齿载波 ,不但谐振电路的起振时间容易控制 ,而且不会导致由死区时间引起的输出电压电流波形的失真     

Analysis and Implementation of an Interleaved ZVS Converter with High Input Voltage

An interleaved half‐bridge converter is presented for high input voltage application. The features of the proposed converter are zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on for all active switches, ripple current reduction at output side, load current sharing and load voltage regulation. Two half‐bridge converters connected in series and two split capacitors are used to limit the voltage stress of each power switch at one‐half of input DC bus voltage. Thus, active switches with low voltage stress can be used at high input voltage application. On the other hand, the output sides of two half‐bridge converters are connected in parallel to share the load current and reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings and the rectifier diodes. Since two half‐bridge converters are operated with interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM), the output ripple current can partially cancel each other such that the resultant ripple current at output side is reduced and the size of output inductors can be reduced. In each half‐bridge converter, asymmetrical PWM scheme is used to regulate the output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior by the output capacitance of MOSFETs and the leakage inductance (or external inductance) of transformers, active switches can be turned on at ZVS during the transition interval. Thus, the switching losses of power MOSFETs are reduced. The proposed converter can be applied for high input voltage applications such as three‐phase 380‐V utility system. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype with 960‐W rated power are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三相-两相矩阵变换器的双电压合成策略

基于三相-两相矩阵变换器的4端输出拓扑,提出了双电压合成调制策略.该方法利用输入线电压瞬时值进行调制,将输入电压中绝对值最大的相电压作为基准电压,根据输出电压的正负,将输出回路的一端与基准电压相连,另一端相连的3个开关进行PWM调制来获得期望的输出电压和正弦的输入电流.输入功率因数为1时,能获得的最大电压传输比是1.5.进行了Simulink仿真和基于dSPACE平台的实验,结果验证了该策略的正确性和有效性.     

基于三电平拓扑的电力电子变压器研究

提出一种改进的基于三电平拓扑的电力电子变压器(PET).输入级、隔离级与输出级结构分别采用二极管箝位式三电平PWM整流器、零电压开关半桥三电平DC/DC变换器和两电平逆变器.与两电平PET相比,可在有效提高输入电压等级的同时降低开关损耗.针对变压器各环节结构特点设计了控制方案,并在配电系统环境下对其进行了建模和仿真.仿...     

Modeling and simulation of ac–dc buck-boost converter fed dc motor with uniform PWM technique

PWM controlled rectifiers can efficiently and economically be employed in low and medium power applications of dc drives and in front-end converters of rectifier–inverter systems while maintaining the advantages of design simplicity and operation reliability of naturally commutated schemes. Due to the high dc voltage that is produced which is greater than the peak voltage of the utility supply, the ac–dc buck-boost converter is especially suited as a front-end power source in variable-speed drive systems to convert the utility supply voltage into a variable dc link voltage where a single-phase or a three-phase utilities power supply is available. In this paper, the dynamic model and steady state equivalent circuit of a single-phase ac–dc buck-boost converter fed dc motor with uniform PWM control is presented. The waveforms of voltage and current, the input and output characteristics of the converter are discussed and verified. Measured, computed and simulated results are shown to be very close and the model is proved to be efficient and accurate.     

Magnetic noise caused by output waveform harmonics of voltage-source inverters

Harmonic components included in the output waveforms of inverter circuits cause magnetic noise, that is, audio noise, from the output transformers or load motors. To estimate the magnetic noise due to the harmonic components, we have already proposed the equivalent noise voltage E_s and current I_s. In this paper, by applying the aforementioned E_s, we compare quantitatively the magnetic noise in the various ordinary voltage-source inverters, both PWM inverters with multipulse waveforms and PAM inverters with multistep waveforms. Then, to reduce the magnetic noise, the output waveforms of the PWM inverters are improved by applying E_s into the idea of harmonic elimination. Moreover, by employing PAM system as voltage regulation in the aforementioned method, the more improved output waveforms can be obtained with lower noise and also lower distortion.