侧进风盐泥干燥室的流场仿真及结构改进

为解决侧进风盐泥干燥室内干燥不均匀问题,采用数值模拟、实验研究的方法进行结构改进。基于标准k-ε模型和多孔介质模型对干燥室流场进行数值模拟,测量了风速及干燥后盐泥的含水率,根据结果对干燥室结构进行改进。结果表明：原结构干燥室内热风流动的动力来源主要依靠初速度,在干燥室内流动扩散并产生各种扰动,气流不均匀系数较大,干燥后的盐泥含水率较高且不均匀;改进结构后的干燥室内部形成的压力梯度成为热风流动的驱动力,使热风穿过盐泥层向上运动,气流不均匀系数小,干燥后的盐泥含水率低且较为均匀。对比原结构,改进结构后的干燥室内部气流不均匀系数至少下降27.6%,干燥后的盐泥含水率下降4.48%,含水率不均匀系数下降8.4%。     

多层水平气流带式干燥机的数学模型

根据干燥传质传热学原理和干燥动力学特性，建立了水平气流带式干燥机干燥过程的数学模型。该模型可以预测干燥机合理的通风道高度、带翻转最佳时间和热风风速等。为优化多层带式干燥机的结构或设计新的水平气流带式干燥机提供了理论依据。     

固体硅酸钠干燥的设计

分析研究硅酸钠的干燥特性，测定硅酸钠的干燥速率；探讨了穿流风速、风湿对干燥速率的影响；依据实验结果进行了工业放大，设计出穿流带式干燥机。实践证明，设备干燥效果良好，解决了长期困扰企业的产品结块问题。     

胡萝卜带式穿流干燥的均匀设计试验研究

用胡萝卜对带式穿流干燥机的主要参数风温、层厚、穿流风速、输送带线速度进行了试验研究。使用了新的试验设计方法—均匀设计，其特点是试验次数少，回归方程可靠度高，预测准确度高。确定热风温度75℃、物料层厚83mm、风速1．0m／s和线速500mm／min可作为胡萝卜带式穿流干燥机的最佳参数组合。     

固体硅酸钠干燥器的设计

经过水淬形成的固体硅酸钠在堆放过程中极易结块，经过分析研究认为，硅酸钠的干燥基本上属于非结合水分的表面干燥，实验测定了硅酸钠的干燥速率，并探讨了穿流风速，风温对干燥速率的影响，依据实验结果进行了工业放大，设计了穿流带式干燥机，设备干燥效果良好，解决了产品结块问题，有良好的推广价值。     

调风阀结构对静压箱出风均匀性的影响研究

为了研究静压箱中调风阀对出风孔风速均匀性的影响,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件Fluent对某双向拉伸薄膜生产线横向拉伸段一组加热单元内的空气流动进行数值模拟。结果表明,单个静压箱中的四个风箱出风孔风速分布存在对角线现象;取消调风阀时,出风孔风速增大,风箱之间出风均匀性降低;缩小调风孔时,出风孔风速下降,风箱之间出风均匀性提高。     

蒸汽列管回转脱硫石膏干燥机的数值模拟

根据初步的实验和蒸汽列管回转干燥机传热机理的分析研究,对干燥机内固体颗粒运动轨迹、固体浓度场、速度场、温度场等采用多相流与粒子传热模型来描述,并以CFD软件为平台,将实际工程情况进行简化后对间接换热蒸汽列管回转石膏干燥机进行了数值模拟。与实验结果对比表明,该模型具有较高的模拟精度,可为间接换热蒸汽列管回转石膏干燥煅烧机的工程设计及结构优化提供参考。     

梭式窑空气动力模型中紊流流动与对流传热的数值模拟研究

为深入了解梭式窑对流换热规律和产生换热不均匀的原因，利用CFD软件FLUENT^TM 5.4.8，构造了非保形结构化－非结构化混合网格，采用标准紊动能－紊动能耗散率（K－ε）模型，对梭式窑空气动力模型内部紊流流动与传热进行了数值模拟研究。得出了烧嘴射流的发展过程以及烟气速度场和温度场的分布特征。分析了料垛之间以及料垛局部换热的不均匀分布特征和成因。结果表明：外围料垛换热较强、内部料垛换热较弱，造成料垛间换热不均匀。料垛间隙的周期性分布导致料垛周向换热不均匀，三层烧嘴作用范围不同导致料垛纵向换热不均匀，有关数值模拟结果与文献实验数据符合较好。在此基础上，提出了调整料垛码法、烧嘴位置和流量匹配等改善对流换热均匀性的措施，并给出了调整原则。     

折流移动床干燥行为研究

在折流移动床流动特性研究的基础上 ,以小米为干燥对象 ,对此新型反应器在干燥中的应用进行了研究 ,实验观察并分析了各种操作条件对干燥效果的影响。结果表明 ,折流移动床完全可以用于较大颗粒的干燥 ,并且具有产物均匀且易于调控的优点 ,同时多层床的实现 ,提高了干燥过程中热能的利用率 ,装置低压损的特性减少了动力消耗。同时建立了干燥模型 ,对该过程进行了模拟 ,实验结果与模拟结果相符     

基于烟气流场均匀性诊断的SCR系统喷氨优化研究

本文以某660MW燃煤机组SCR系统为研究对象,基于CFD数值模拟技术对喷氨格栅前烟道截面内的烟气流场均匀性进行了有效诊断,并结合喷氨格栅型式形成了有效针对各路支管阀门的非均匀喷氨优化策略。数值模拟结果表明,基于烟气流场均匀性诊断的SCR系统喷氨优化策略改善浓度场均匀分布的效果显著,可实现系统内氨氮混合的良好匹配,有助于超低排放形势下机组的安全经济运行。     

旋流干燥器流场模拟研究

旋流干燥器(SMTD)作为一种新型的干燥装置,其结构简单、干燥效率高、处理量大,成为气固二相流干燥研究的新方向.文中用流体力学软件Fluent对旋流干燥器内部的流场进行了数值模拟研究,采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)模拟气相流动,模拟结果表明:旋流干燥器各干燥事内气流主要做旋转运动,穿过旋流板时,主要做返混运动;切向速度分布...     

CFD Analysis of Dust Explosion Relief System in the Counter-Current Industrial Spray Drying Tower

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the performance of venting devices in an industrial counter-current spray tower during dust explosion using a CFD model and EN14491:2006 standard. Three-dimensional CFD simulations of dust explosion in the spray tower for six different configurations of safety vents located at the top and side walls of the dryer were carried out. In the calculations, in which dust was replaced with a flammable gas-air mixture, the following parameters of dust explosion were analyzed: reaction progress, maximum and average gas temperature, gas velocity, and pressure. Reduced pressures calculated according to EN 14991:2006 standard are close to maximum pressure obtained from CFD simulations for all analyzed spatial configurations of the safety vents, which proves that the CFD model can be used both to design explosion mitigation systems and to describe the mechanism of explosion propagation in the drying chamber. Results of the calculations allowed us to evaluate the performance of analyzed venting devices, to determine the spatial configuration and parameters of venting devices that should be installed to minimize damages of the dryer construction.     

An analysis of a pulse combustion drying system

The paper presents a theoretical and experimental analysis of a pulse combustion spray drying system. Measurements of the velocity flow field inside the drying chamber and extensive tests on drying and water evaporation were carried out for various feed rates and operating parameters of the pulse combustor. Each test included the analysis of temperature distribution in the dryer, evaporation level and sprayed material structure. LDA and PDA techniques were employed to determine the character of pulsating flow in the chamber, amount of water evaporated and to perform a profound analysis of spray structure. Experimental results show an intensive and efficient drying process. An attempt was made to perform theoretical predictions of velocity and temperature distribution in the drying chamber. The CFD technique was used to calculate time-dependent flow in the chamber. Results show vanishing velocity, pressure and temperature oscillations along the length of the drying chamber. Temperature oscillations decline faster than oscillations of pressure and velocity. Satisfactory agreement between calculations and experimental results was found in certain regions of the drying chamber. Discrepancies might be caused by simplification of the system geometry and flow pattern which were assumed to perform calculations in reasonable time.     

CFD Modeling of Air Flow on Wall Deposition in Different Spray Dryer Geometries

Wall deposition is one of the most conventional problems in the spray drying process. The operation of a spray dryer is affected by the wall deposition fluxes inside the equipment. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was used to investigate the effect of spray dryer geometry on wall deposition. A CFD model was developed for different geometries of spray dryer with a conical (case A) or a parabolic (cases B and C) bottom. The results implied that the parabolic geometry resulted in a lower deposition rate on the spray dryer walls. A comparison of results using the P-values (F-test) of the air velocity, in the conical and parabolic geometries, showed that there was a significant difference in air stability between them. The flow field in conical geometry case A was significantly more unstable, and parabolic geometry case C produced the most uniform airflow patterns. Moreover, the higher wall shear stress in case C, with lower values of the vorticity, would result in less wall deposition.     

Modeling of Dust Explosion in the Industrial Spray Dryer

Standard ANSYS FLUENT software was used to model a dust explosion inside a counter current spray-drying tower by replacing the dust with a flammable gas–air mixture. Two sets of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations for a dust explosion in the tower were carried out at a uniform gas concentration and variable concentration in the dryer, which reflect the distribution of wet and dry powder zones in the spray dryer. The CFD calculation showed that a dust explosion developed from the ignition point mostly to the upper part of the tower. The temperature, velocity, and reaction profiles followed the same upward pattern. Results of the calculations allowed us to determine the position and parameters of venting devices that should be installed to minimize the risk of damage to the dryer construction.     

A Three-Dimensional Simulation of a Spray Dryer Fitted with a Rotary Atomizer

Spray dryers fitted with rotary atomizers are commonly used in diverse industries to produce engineered powders on a large scale. Scale-up of such units is still largely empirical and based on prior experience and know-how. In the present study, a three-dimensional spray dryer with rotary atomizer is investigated numerically with a commercial CFD code. Continuous-phase, i.e., air, conservation equations are formulated in the Eulerian model while the droplet or particle equations are set up in the Lagrangian model. Two-way coupling between the continuous and dispersed phases is taken into account in the governing equations. The stochastic approach is used to predict the particle trajectories. The RNG k - ε turbulence model was used. Typical results, viz. air velocity, temperature, humidity profiles, and particle trajectories are presented and discussed. Compared with the pressure nozzle spray dryer, more volume of drying chamber is used effectively by the rotating disc type spray dryer. It is found that evaporation and drying take place mainly in the region and in the vicinity of first contact between air and spray. A parametric study is presented and, where appropriate, comparison is made with experimental data obtained with the simulated spray dryer.     

USE OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS DESIGN ALTERNATIVES FOR THE PLENUM CHAMBER OF A SMALL SPRAY DRYER

The inlet region of a pilot-scale, co-current spray dryer was simulated using the proprietary Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes, CFX4 and CFX5. Several design alternatives were considered for correcting uneven inlet air distribution, which is known to influence spray dryer performance and airflow patterns. The simulations were used to assess each alternative prior to construction, assuming isothermal and incompressible flow conditions. Experimental measurements were compared with the simulation results for the original and one modified design.

Drying air is supplied to this dryer via an overhead pipe feeding an annular plenum chamber, of diameter 400 mm, surrounding the atomiser. A distributor plate with two concentric rings of 50 holes, each of 5 mm diameter, forms the base of the plenum chamber. A three-dimensional grid was required to model each of the 100 holes separately and to consider the asymmetric flow behaviour. The resulting grid consisted of about 532,000 cells. The CFD simulations proved useful in predicting the trends in flow distributions in each of the designs.     

USE OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS DESIGN ALTERNATIVES FOR THE PLENUM CHAMBER OF A SMALL SPRAY DRYER

The inlet region of a pilot-scale, co-current spray dryer was simulated using the proprietary Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes, CFX4 and CFX5. Several design alternatives were considered for correcting uneven inlet air distribution, which is known to influence spray dryer performance and airflow patterns. The simulations were used to assess each alternative prior to construction, assuming isothermal and incompressible flow conditions. Experimental measurements were compared with the simulation results for the original and one modified design.

Drying air is supplied to this dryer via an overhead pipe feeding an annular plenum chamber, of diameter 400 mm, surrounding the atomiser. A distributor plate with two concentric rings of 50 holes, each of 5 mm diameter, forms the base of the plenum chamber. A three-dimensional grid was required to model each of the 100 holes separately and to consider the asymmetric flow behaviour. The resulting grid consisted of about 532,000 cells. The CFD simulations proved useful in predicting the trends in flow distributions in each of the designs.     

A Three-Dimensional Simulation of a Spray Dryer Fitted with a Rotary Atomizer

Abstract

Spray dryers fitted with rotary atomizers are commonly used in diverse industries to produce engineered powders on a large scale. Scale-up of such units is still largely empirical and based on prior experience and know-how. In the present study, a three-dimensional spray dryer with rotary atomizer is investigated numerically with a commercial CFD code. Continuous-phase, i.e., air, conservation equations are formulated in the Eulerian model while the droplet or particle equations are set up in the Lagrangian model. Two-way coupling between the continuous and dispersed phases is taken into account in the governing equations. The stochastic approach is used to predict the particle trajectories. The RNG k ? ? turbulence model was used. Typical results, viz. air velocity, temperature, humidity profiles, and particle trajectories are presented and discussed. Compared with the pressure nozzle spray dryer, more volume of drying chamber is used effectively by the rotating disc type spray dryer. It is found that evaporation and drying take place mainly in the region and in the vicinity of first contact between air and spray. A parametric study is presented and, where appropriate, comparison is made with experimental data obtained with the simulated spray dryer.     

Simulation of a Spray Dryer Fitted with a Rotary Disk Atomizer Using a Three-Dimensional Computional Fluid Dynamic Model

Spray dryers fitted with a rotary disk atomizer are widely used in many industries requiring high throughputs to produce powders from liquid streams. The interaction between droplets or particles and the drying medium within the drying chamber is still not well understood and hence difficult to model reliably. In this article CFD results are presented to describe the behavior of the performance of a spray dryer fitted with a rotary disk atomizer in a cylinder-on-cone chamber geometry. Four different turbulence models, i.e., standard k - ε, RNG k - ε, Realizable k - ε, and Reynolds stress models were tested and compared to simulate the swirling two-phase flow with heat and mass transfer in the chamber. The results of this investigation can provide further insight into turbulent swirling flow modeling. The predicted results, such as, air flow patterns, air velocity and temperature, distributions, particle/droplet trajectories, drying performance etc., are obtained using the CFD code FLUENT6.1. Comparison with available limited experimental data shows that CFD results display reasonable agreement. Predicted results also show that the RNG k - ε model performs better in this specific case.