乙醇汽油燃料特性对直喷增压乘用车性能影响研究

使用纯汽油与4种乙醇体积分数为10%的乙醇汽油,在一辆缸内汽油直喷乘用车上研究不同燃料对整车性能的影响。试验结果表明:在新欧洲驾驶循环下,燃用乙醇汽油会增加汽车运行时的百公里油耗,但燃用乙醇汽油汽车的当量油耗则可以低于纯汽油汽车的油耗,说明燃用乙醇汽油燃料的汽车可以实现更高的热效率、更低的碳排放、更低的颗粒物排放和更良好的加速性能。5种燃料中,随芳烃含量升高,汽车油耗、颗粒数、NO_x排放整体会呈现上升趋势。综合性能来看,通过燃料优化可以使乙醇汽油高效清洁地应用于整车,但在低车速、冷起动工况下因发动机运转温度较低,其CO排放比纯汽油要高,HC排放比纯汽油低。     

油品差异对汽车发动机性能影响的试验研究

国内外汽车用油存在较大差异,为了让国产车更好地满足国外市场需求,以我国出口汽车使用的甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）（体积分数为10%）混合汽油、乙醇体积分数为20%（E20）的含水乙醇汽油和我国92号汽油为对象,基于某排量为2.0 T的汽油发动机台架试验,进行了三种油品对发动机性能影响的分析及验证。通过试验结果对比发现,使用MTBE混合汽油和E20含水乙醇汽油的动力性均低于92号汽油。在经济性方面,E20含水乙醇汽油略低于92号汽油,而MTBE混合汽油能使燃料消耗下降7%左右。在排放性方面,使用E20含水乙醇汽油和MTBE混合汽油对CO、HC的排放都有显著的改善效果,而在低转速、低负荷时对NO_x的排放有一定改善,随着转速和负荷的上升,E20含水乙醇汽油对NO_x的排放改善不明显,使用MTBE混合汽油时NO_x的排放反而变差。     

基于BP神经网络乙醇汽油与无铅汽油排放性能分析

BP网络模型用于检测发动机燃烧乙醇汽油排放,可以解决发动机燃烧乙醇排放的非线性问题。笔者选用了转速和功率(负荷)为变量,对发动机燃烧乙醇汽油产生的排放物进行建模,在误差允许的范围内能较好地预测排放性能,并且与无铅汽油产生的排放物进行分析比较,突出乙醇汽油(E10)较无铅汽油的排放性能优越性。     

电喷汽油机燃用乙醇汽油的仿真研究

对吉利MR479Q型发动机建立一维仿真模型,并利用该模型进行了电喷汽油机燃用乙醇汽油的仿真研究。研究发现,在不改变发动机的前提下,燃用含适当比例乙醇的乙醇汽油对发动机的动力性有少量的提升,但由于乙醇的低位热值远小于汽油,发动机的比油耗也随着掺醇比例的提高而提高。     

MTBE对汽油理化特性及电控喷射汽油机性能的影响

甲基叔丁基醚MTBE按体积分数为0(基础油)、5％、10％、15％和20％比例添加到90^#无铅汽油中，分析添加后汽油主要理化参数的变化规律．同时在汽油机台架上，考察不同掺混比的MTBE／汽油混合燃料对电喷汽油机动力性和经济性的影响规律．实验结果表明，添加甲基叔丁基醚的90^#无铅汽油研究法辛烷值从93．8增加到96．8．对于各种配比的混合燃料来讲，10％和90％馏出温度及终馏点温度与基础油相比变化不大，而50％馏出温度下降得很明显，其中MTBE添加量为20％时，50％馏出温度下降了17℃．雷德蒸气压随MTBE添加量增多而下降，但其下降规律不是很明显．燃用MTBE／汽油混合燃料，汽油机功率有所下降，MTBE添加比例为20％时功率降幅最大，达到7．1％．燃油消耗率在低负荷时上升较多，达到10．8％，而在中高负荷时上升较少，平均在4％左右，能量消耗率的变化规律和燃油消耗率相似．     

汽油机燃用乙醇汽油和无铅汽油的试验比较

在汽油机参数未作任何调整的情况下,试验研究了汽油机燃用乙醇汽油对发动机经济性和动力性的影响,并与燃用无铅汽油时的结果进行了对比分析。研究表明,在部分负荷下,汽油机的功率和转矩都有所降低,但在全负荷时发动机的输出功率不变;燃油消耗率会增加5％～10％,发动机的经济区范围变窄。     

E30w含水乙醇汽油对电喷汽油机性能和排放的影响

在SQR481F电喷发动机上进行了E30w含水乙醇汽油与93#纯汽油的动力性、经济性与排放特性对比试验研究。试验结果表明：在电喷汽油机未做任何调整的情况下,燃用E30w含水乙醇汽油后,功率下降约3.4%～12.1%;有效燃油消耗率较93#纯汽油增加,当量燃油消耗率有所降低;CO和HC的排放量明显改善,最大下降幅度分别为12.6%和22.4%,NOx无明显改善。     

车用乙醇汽油对电喷汽油机性能影响的实验研究

在电控汽油机参数未作任何调整的情况下,实验研究了汽油机燃用乙醇汽油对发动机经济性和动力性的影响。研究表明：电控汽油机改燃乙醇汽油后,部分负荷时汽油机的功率和转矩有所降低,但全负荷时汽油机的动力输出不变;与普通汽油相比,乙醇汽油的燃油消耗率增加5％～10％,而且汽油机的经济区范围变窄;但能耗率会有所改善,在怠速工况下,乙醇汽油会降低汽油机的CO、HC和NOx排放;乙醇汽油对汽油机性能的影响与空燃比控制策略有关。     

乙醇汽油将在全国推广使用

我国将在全国范围内推广车用乙醇汽油 ,现已部署在黑龙江、吉林、河南开始试点。车用乙醇汽油是指将从玉米、小麦等粮食作物中提炼出来的高纯度乙醇 (俗酒精 )与一定比例的汽油调配所形成的新型燃料 ,我国将推广的是兑有 10 %乙醇的乙醇汽油。据有关部门日前完成的行车试验表明 ,乙醇汽油作为燃料能保证车辆的正常行驶。与不含乙醇的汽油试验车相比 ,燃用乙醇汽油的试验车 ,一氧化碳、氮氧化合物、碳氢化合物三种污染物排放均有不同程度降低。其中 ,一氧化碳排放降低超过了 30 %。所以 ,使用乙醇汽油车将有效降低汽车排放对大气环境的污染。…     

醇类燃料对通用小型汽油机性能影响的研究

在不改变ST188小型汽油机结构的基础上,试验研究了E10乙醇汽油和M10甲醇汽油对发动机性能的影响.结果表明:与93#汽油相比,该小型发动机燃用E10乙醇汽油和M10甲醇汽油后,动力性有所降低,但下降幅度不大;在小负荷工况下,经济性较差,在大负荷工况下经济性与93#汽油持平;CO排放量较93#汽油低,大负荷下尤其明显,但HC和NOx总排放量有所增加,其中E10乙醇汽油增加更为明显.     

汽油机燃用汽油-乙醇混合燃料的试验研究

本文针对摩托车汽油机燃用乙醇的应用研究，在汽油机结构不作变动的前提下，掺烧一定比例的工业乙醇，进行发动机台架试验。在节气门开度分别为25％、50％、75％及100％时，在不同转速和负荷下，对发动机的功率、扭矩、能耗率及排放性能进行了研究，并与原机进行比较。试验结果表明，燃用汽油一乙醇混合燃料可以提高发动机的动力性和经济性，有效改善排放特性。     

Experimental study of gasoline-ethanol-hydrogen blends combustion in an SI engine

This study presents experimental results of engine performance, combustion and emissions in an SI engine fueled by gasoline-ethanol-hydrogen blends. In the experimental studies, engine performance and emission values were analyzed fueled by gasoline, gasoline-ethanol and gasoline-ethanol-hydrogen blends, respectively. When ethanol has been added volumetrically to gasoline 20% of ethanol (G80E20), engine performance and emissions have been worsened. However, the engine performance and emission values have been improved with the adding of hydrogen to blend. The results showed that the addition of hydrogen to the gasoline-ethanol blend improved the combustion process and improved the combustion efficiency, expanded the combustibility range of the gasoline-ethanol blend, reduced emissions. But, nitrogen oxide emission values increased with the adding of hydrogen.     

甲醇/汽油混合燃料发动机非常规排放成分测量方法研究

对使用气相色谱仪检测甲醇／汽油混合燃料发动机排气中醇醛类排放方法进行了研究，优化选择了采样方法、载气流速、柱温等参数，证明安装PEG色谱柱的GC2010完全可以对甲醇／汽油混合燃料发动机排气中的醇、醛进行精确的检测分析。发动机尾气测试结果表明，汽油机燃用M10混合燃料时，排气中的甲醛中低负荷高达0．2mg／L。此外，发动机燃用市售汽油和M10两种燃料时，排气中的甲醇、乙醇和乙醛量相差在10％左右，经三效催化转化器后，可以被控制到接近零排放的水平。     

Effect of different types of fuels tested in a gasoline engine on engine performance and emissions

In this study, three different fuels named G100 (pure gasoline), E20 (volume 20% ethanol and 80% gasoline blend) and ES20 (20% sodium borohydride added ethanol solution and 80% gasoline) were used to test in a gasoline engine. First of all, G100 fuel, E20 and ES20 blended fuels, respectively, were tested in a gasoline engine and the effects of fuels on engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated experimentally. Experiments were carried out at full load and at five different engine speeds ranging from 1400 to 3000 rpm, and engine performance and exhaust emission values were determined for each test fuel. When the test results of the engine operated with E20 and ES20 blended fuels are compared with the test results of the engine operated with gasoline; engine torque of E20 blended fuel increased by 1.87% compared to pure gasoline, while engine torque of ES20 blended fuel decreased by 1.64%. However, the engine power of E20 and ES20 blended fuels decreased by 2.02% and 5.10%, respectively, compared to the power of pure gasoline engine, while their specific fuel consumption increased by 5.02% and 6.57%, respectively, compared to pure gasoline fueled engine. On the other hand, CO and HC emissions of the engine operated with E20 and ES20 blended fuels decreased compared to the pure gasoline engine, while CO₂ and NO_x emissions increased.     

汽油机燃用乙醇和含水乙醇与汽油的混合燃料的试验研究

报导了在摩托车汽油机中燃用乙醇-汽油混合燃料的试验结果，并与燃用汽油时的结果进行了对比分析。结果显示，汽油机燃用乙醇和汽油的混合燃料，当纯乙醇或含水5％的工业乙醇在混合燃料的比例为10％的时候，即使发动机的结构不变、燃油系统和点火系统不作任何调整动的时候，发动机的全负荷输出不受影响，发动机的能耗率得到改善、HC和CO排放有所降低，但是NOx排放会有显著的增加。     

电喷汽油机燃用醇汽油混合燃料的试验研究

研究了多点电喷汽油机燃用醇汽油混合燃料的性能。研究结果表明:在汽油机参数未做任何调整的情况下,醇汽油混合燃料发动机的动力性与汽油机相比有所降低,燃料经济性改善,有效热效率提高。随醇类燃料体积分数的增大,CO排放明显改善,THC排放略有升高,NOx排放的变化不明显。醇汽油混合燃料发动机的醛类排放物明显升高,汽油机的未燃甲醇排放较高,未燃乙醇排放变化不明显。     

Can one say ethanol is a real threat to gasoline?

Ethanol use in Brazil as a motor fuel has been largely promoted since the two oil shocks of the 1970s, either as a gasoline additive (anhydrous ethanol) or as a gasoline substitute (hydrated ethanol). As of today, the uncertainties in the international oil markets, the methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) ban in the US and the growing concerns with global climate change, all justify the quest for a new role to be played by ethanol worldwide. The current prevailing view sees ethanol as a real threat to gasoline and, eventually, to oil itself. This paper examines this issue and concludes that by replacing mainly MTBE and not allowing the use of improved Otto engines, E10 (gasohol blend) does not pose any serious treat to the oil industry, nor do flexfuel vehicles using fairly typical gasoline engines and, in the lack of ethanol supply, running on gasoline. On the other hand, if Otto engines at compression ratios found in diesel engines are promoted, then E30 could become a suitable strategy for spreading the use of ethanol fuel in large volumes and also for saving gasoline. This paper proposes coupling policies of blending ethanol with gasoline, with policies aiming at saving fuel use in light duty vehicles (LDV).     

BUTANOL—A SINGLE CYLINDER ENGINE STUDY: ENGINE PERFORMANCE

The effect of methanol and butanol addition to gasoline on brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.), exhaust gas temperature, and thermal efficiency has been experimentally investigated. A Hydra single cylinder, spark ignition, fuel injection engine was used over a wide range of fuel/air equivalence ratio (ϕ=0⋅8 to 1⋅3) for 30% volume alcohol–gasoline blends. The goal of this work is to study the engine performance when methanol and butanol–gasoline blends are used. The performance measurements show that there is an increase in b.s.f.c. when using alcohol–gasoline blends, and b.s.f.c. of a butanol–gasoline blend is less than for a methanol–gasoline blend. The experimental results show that the engine thermal efficiency was decreased when fueled with alcohol–gasoline blends. It was found that there was about a 4.5% reduction in engine thermal efficiency at ϕ=1⋅0 when 30% butanol was blended with gasoline compared to pure gasoline. The exhaust gas temperature measurements show that there is an increase in temperature in the case of using gasoline as compared to alcohol–gasoline blends, and that the temperature reaches a maximum at ϕ≈1⋅1 when using gasoline and alcohol–gasoline blends. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.