Cu^2＋对天然石榴染料轧染棉织物工艺研究

以硫酸铜为媒染剂,研究了天然石榴染料对棉织物的轧染工艺。结果表明,以硫酸铜为媒染剂,对棉织物进行轧染处理,可以得到较好的染色效果,此外还得到最佳的染色工艺;媒染剂Cu^2＋的浓度为1．2g／L,焙烘温度为120℃,焙烘时间为1min;以硫酸铜为媒染剂染色的棉织物经高温焙烘固色后,棉织物的干摩擦牢度和湿摩擦牢度都得到了提高。     

Cu2+对天然石榴染料轧染棉织物工艺研究

以硫酸铜为媒染剂,研究了天然石榴染料对棉织物的轧染工艺。结果表明,以硫酸铜为媒染剂,对棉织物进行轧染处理,可以得到较好的染色效果,此外还得到最佳的染色工艺;媒染剂Cu^2＋的浓度为1．2g／L,焙烘温度为120℃,焙烘时间为1min;以硫酸铜为媒染剂染色的棉织物经高温焙烘固色后,棉织物的干摩擦牢度和湿摩擦牢度都得到了提高。     

棉织物天然茶染料轧染工艺

以硫酸铜为媒染剂,研究了棉织物的天然茶染料轧染工艺。通过试验,确定优化染色工艺为:硫酸铜媒染剂用量5 g/L,茶染料用量1 g/L,二浸二轧,轧余率70%,80℃预烘3 m in,135℃焙烘2 m in。染色棉织物的干摩擦牢度可达到4.5级或以上,湿摩擦牢度可达到3.5级。     

棉织物的天然染料媒染工艺研究

以稀土为媒染剂，研究了绿茶、紫苏、甘蓝等天然染料对棉织物的染色工艺。采用轧染法和浸染法（预媒、同浴、后媒染色法）工艺对棉织物染色，并与其它媒染剂（单宁酸、硫酸亚铁、明矾）作比较。结果表明，采用稀土媒染轧染工艺效果较好，文中给出了天然染料用稀土媒染棉织物的染色工艺条件。     

真丝绸的黄连轧染工艺

提取黄连染料用于真丝绸的轧染,研究了轧染p H值、轧染次数、固色工艺方法及媒染剂对染色性能的影响,测试了染色织物的抗紫外线性能。结果表明,黄连轧染真丝绸的适宜工艺为:p H=8,轧染4次,单宁酸为媒染剂;汽蒸工艺和冷轧堆工艺可较焙烘工艺获得更高的染色深度及牢度。在适宜条件下,黄连轧染真丝绸的摩擦牢度可达到3级,但皂洗牢度较差,仅为2级。经黄连染料轧染后,真丝绸的紫外线透过率显著降低,UPF值由整理前的3.78提高到43.56,具有优异的紫外线防护性能。     

柞树叶染料对柞蚕丝绸的染色性能研究

为丰富天然染料的色泽,提取天然柞树叶染料对柞蚕丝绸进行染色,研究了Fe2+、Cu2+、Al3+等媒染离子对染色织物色光、色深及染色牢度的影响;采用不同体积分数的柞树叶染料与苏木染料对柞蚕丝绸进行拼混染色,探索两种染料配比及媒染剂对染色性能的影响。结果表明,柞树叶染料对柞蚕丝绸直接染色即可得到较好的染色深度,皂洗及摩擦牢度可达3级;各种媒染剂处理均可提高染色深度及牢度,媒染样品的各项牢度可达3～4级;柞树叶与苏木染料拼色性能良好,柞蚕丝绸经混合染料直接染色及Fe2+、Al3+媒染可分别获得一系列颜色,其中硫酸亚铁媒染样品的色深及染色牢度较佳。     

冬青叶色素的提取及其染色棉织物的研究

研究冬青叶色素的提取及其提取液染色棉织物的优化条件。利用正交实验研究提取时间、提取温度、料液比对冬青叶色素提取的影响以及浴比、温度、时间对棉织物上染率的影响,讨论了媒染法以及媒染剂用量对棉织物上染率及色牢度的影响。结果表明,95%乙醇是冬青叶色素提取的较佳试剂;冬青叶色素提取的优化工艺为:温度50℃,时间35 min,料液比1∶20;直接染色的优化工艺为:温度70℃,时间35 min,浴比1∶40;利用后媒染方式对冬青叶染料染色可以提高棉织物的染色效果,媒染剂用量为5 g/L。采用优化工艺条件染色的棉织物色牢度符合绿色纺织品的要求。     

板栗壳植物染料在棉织物上的染色性能研究

采用壳聚糖对棉织物进行改性,并对改性后棉织物用板栗壳植物染料进行染色。探讨了棉织物改性过程中工艺条件对棉织物染色性能的影响,分析了染色过程中板栗壳植物染料浓度、染色温度、p H值、染色时间和媒染剂对棉织物染色性能的影响,测试了改性后棉织物白度和顶破强力以及染色后色牢度、防紫外线性能和抗氧化性能。结果表明:最佳的改性工艺条件是壳聚糖用量为3%,p H值为5,温度为80℃,时间为40 min;最佳染色工艺为板栗壳染料用量为5%,p H值为5,浴比为1∶30,温度为80℃,时间为60 min;染色棉织物具有良好的防紫外线性能和抗氧化性能,经硫酸亚铁后媒染之后,其色牢度有所提高。     

天然染料黄桑木上染棉织物效果分析

通过煎煮法萃取黄桑木色素并采用冷冻干燥法制成黄桑木天然染料,采用直接染色及以明矾、硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁、硫酸锌作为媒染剂的媒染法染色,分析不同染色工艺下黄桑木染料在棉织物上的色光、得色深度以及各项牢度变化,同时探究黄桑木染料上染棉织物的最佳染色工艺条件。结果显示,不同染色方法下,黄桑木染棉时的染色效果差异较大,其中用明矾预媒时染色效果最佳,在媒染剂用量1.00 g/L、媒染温度90℃、媒染时间20 min、染色温度70℃、染色时间110 min、染色pH值为6时,染色织物得色最深,且各项牢度均达3级及以上。     

麻栎壳天然色素棉织物的轧染工艺

从麻栎壳中提取天然色素,选取锌、亚铁、铝、钙四种金属离子为媒染剂,采用预媒和后媒染方法,分别对棉织物进行轧染。结果表明,硫酸亚铁的媒染效果最好。通过对硫酸亚铁用量、汽蒸时间等工艺因素的优化,确定硫酸亚铁用量为10~12 g/L,100℃汽蒸2 m in或热轧室温透风1 m in,染色棉织物的干摩、沾色、日晒色牢度可达到4~5级,湿摩、变褪色牢度可达3级或以上。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press