Microscopic characterization of semi-solid aluminium alloys

The microstructural evolution and element distribution of the Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during semi-solid compression were investigated,and the precipitate behavior and dislocation morphology were discussed.The experimental results show that the microstructure,the number of CuAl2(θ phase) precipitates,and the dislocation density of the Al-4Cu-Mg alloy depend apparently on the process parameters.More segregation of Cu at the grain boundary happens with an increase of deformation temperature and a decrease of strain ra...     

Microstructure evolution of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during semi-solid treatment

The microstructure of a cold-deformed Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during semi-solid treatment was investigated, which shows that grain detachment and grain spheroidization processes during the semi-solid treatment are very important to control the fabricated semi-solid microstructures. For the two different processes, the driving force comes from the external heat source and the reduction in total interfacial area, respectively. The evolution models of microstructure morphology in the two processes were presented based on microstructure observations. It can be found that these models are useful to provide a reasonable estimated critical time of the evolution of microstructure during the semi-solid treatment.     

Effects of Extrusion Processing on Microstructure of 7075Al Alloy in the Semi-solid State

A recrystallization and partial melting(RAP) process was introduced to prepare the semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy used for thixoforming. In order to obtain an ideal semi-solid microstructure, a series of extrusion experiments were conducted to comparatively investigate the optimum extrusion process parameters. Commercial 7075 Al alloy samples were firstly extruded with varying extrusion ratios below the recrystallization temperature followed by homogenization, then these samples were reheated to the semi-solid state and held in the range of 5 to 50 minutes. The experimental results show that varying process cause the difference in the deformation degree and microstructure for as-extruded samples, resulting in various semi-solid microstructure. It is verified that the formation of equiaxed grains in semi-solid microstructure depends on recrystallization behavior of extruded samples during partial melting. Both relative high extrusion temperature and low extrusion ratio lead to high volume fraction of recrystallized area, thus entirely equiaxed solid grains in semi-solid 7075 Al alloy samples can be obtained finally. In addition, Ostwald ripening was determined as the dominate coarsening mechanism of solid grains in semi-solid state for this 7075 Al alloy during the RAP route. The influence of predeformation on recrystallization behavior of this 7075 Al alloy was discussed in detail.     

半固态Al—4Cu—Mg合金加工图研究

根据动态材料模型。建立了半固态Al-4Cu—Mg合金加工图．利用加工图确定了试验材料热变形的流变失稳区,结果表明半固态成形时的流变失稳区范围与应变速率有关．此外,获得了等温压缩试验参数范围内的热变形最佳工艺参数,半固态加工最佳工艺参数为加热温度560℃,应变速率0．001s^-1。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of a bulk nanostructured Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

A bulk nanostructured Al-10.0Zn-2.8Mg-1.8Cu alloy was synthesized by cryomilling first and then by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and the effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of this alloy were studied. Most MgZn_2 particles with a coarse size lie on the grain boundaries of the SPS-processed sample. After solid solution and artificial aging,fine spherical-like MgZn_2 particles precipitate uniformly in the grain interiors. No obvious grain growth is found after the heat treatment. A nanoindentation study indicates that no clear change is found in the Yong's modulus of the nanostructured alloy after the heat treatment.However, the hardness of the nanostructured alloy increases by about 33% after the heat treatment, which is attributed to the effect of precipitation-hardening.     

稀土镁球墨可锻铸铁第一阶段石墨化过程石墨并粗的研究

本文对稀土镁球墨可锻铸铁第一阶段石墨化过程石墨并粗现象进行了实验及理论分析。研究表明石墨并粗在石墨化后阶段表现突出,石墨生长平均尺寸的三次方与时间呈线性关系。文中还探讨了运用石墨并粗规律测定石墨—奥氏体界面能的方法,提供了测定固态相变时石墨—奥氏体界面能的一种新途径。     

Simulation of stray grain formation during unidirectional solidification of IN738LC superalloy

The influence of casting parameters on stray grain formation of a unidirectionally solidified superalloy IN738LC casting with three platforms was investigated by using a 3D cellular automaton-finite element (CAFE) model in CALCOSOFT package. The model was first validated by comparison of the reported grain structure of Al-7%Si (mass fraction) alloy. Then, the influence of pouring temperature, heat flux of the lateral surface, convection heat coefficient of the cooled chill and mean undercooling of the bulk nucleation on the stray grain formation was studied during the unidirectional solidification. The predictions show that the stray grain formation is obviously sensitive to the pouring temperature, heat flux and mean undercooling of the bulk nucleation. However, increasing the heat convection coefficient has little influence on the stray grain formation.     

挤压及半固态等温处理对Al-30%Si合金组织的影响

对Al-30%Si合金进行挤压变形并进行半固态等温处理,以求获得细小、圆整的初生硅颗粒.利用光学显微镜、Image Pro Plus金相分析软件等手段测定处理后的初生硅平均直径和形状因子.结果表明,挤压变形能显著细化初生硅颗粒.而半固态等温处理时,加热温度和保温时间均会对合金组织产生显著影响.在640℃保温10min可获得较佳的合金组织.     

Microstructure evolution of cast Al-Si-Cu alloys in solution treatment

To develop a software to predict the evolution of microstructure and the development of mechanical properties during the heat treatment of cast aluminum alloys, we modeled the redistribution of solute during the solution treatment of multicomponent alloys. The predictions of solidification simulation software or the results of experiment provided the initial microstructure and solute distribution for simulation of heat treatment. Binary through quinary aluminum alloys with silicon, copper, magnesium, and iron were modeled. The basic model assumed local equilibrium （no undercooling due to nucleation or growth） and computed diffusion in the solid constituents during solidification. The evolution of microstructure during solution treatment was followed by qualitative and quantitative metallography. The results of simulation for the ternary alloy Al-7%Si-3.5%Cu were compared to experimental observation.     

等温凝固过程中枝晶生长与枝晶熟化的相场法模拟

采用相场方法模拟了Al-2%Si合金等温凝固中枝晶生长与枝晶熟化过程。结果表明：在枝晶生长初期主要是初生枝晶臂的长大,形成二次或更高次枝晶臂。当侧向分枝生长到边界后,二次枝晶臂停止生长,从而进入熟化阶段。枝晶的等温熟化模式主要是小枝晶臂的熔化、枝晶臂的合并与熔断,枝晶分枝的平滑化以及小液滴的圆滑化。当凝固时间小于0.7ms,固相分数增加的快,枝晶的生长成为主导;当凝固时间大于0.8ms,固相分数变化不明显,枝晶的熟化成为主导.     

Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA84 magnesium alloy

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA84 (Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn) alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the as-cast microstructure of the alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg matrix and two different morphologies of precipitates (continuous and quasi-continuous Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phases and isolated Mg5Al2Zn2 phases). After solid solution treatment at 345°C, the Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phases change from continuous and quasi-continuous net to disconnected acute angle shape,...     

基于元胞自动机AZ31镁合金固溶处理研究

镁合金具有导热导电性好、电磁屏蔽性能优越、与环境相容性良好等诸多优点。但是镁合金在室温下塑性较差,导致其在轧制过程中易出现裂纹从而影响其质量。为了有效提高其可塑性,在加工前往往需要对其进行固溶处理。基于此,通过金相实验,得到AZ31镁合金管材原始晶粒组织,基于晶粒长大的热力学机制、曲率驱动机制和能量耗散机制,建立元胞自动机模型,针对镁合金建立了三大晶粒演变规则,研究AZ31镁合金在不同温度和不同时间下晶粒演变规律与边数变化情况,最终获得晶粒均匀分布且以六边形为主的微观组织。通过晶粒长大拓扑学分析与晶粒尺寸分布统计,得出晶粒尺寸在不同温度和时间内呈正态分布,其中六边形晶粒最多;在此基础上,建立固溶情况下的晶粒长大数学模型,合理预测并控制AZ31镁合金固溶后的晶粒尺寸和最终性能,分析了晶粒长大动力学,得出镁合金生长指数为0.87,并通过实验验证了元胞自动机模型的正确性和合理性,为研究镁合金在变形过程中的晶粒演变奠定基础。     

Pressureless infiltration of Si3N4 preforms with an Al-2wt%Mg alloy

The pressureless infiltration process to synthesize a silicon nitride composite was investigated. An Al-2wt%Mg alloy was infiltrated into silicon nitride preforms in the atmosphere of nitrogen. It is possible to infiltrate the Al-2wt%Mg alloy in silicon nitride preforms, The growth of the composite with useful thickness was facilitated by the presence of magnesium powder at the interface and by flowing nitrogen. The microstructure of the Si3N4-Al composite has been characterized using scanning electron microscope. During the infiltration of Si3N4 preforms, Si3N4 reacted with aluminium to form silicon and AIN. The silicon produced during the growth consumed in the formation of MgSiAIO, MgSiAlN and Al3.27Si0.47 type phases. The growth of the composite was found to proceed in two ways, depending on the oxide content in the initial preforms, First, less oxide content preforms gave rise to MgAlSiO and MgAlSiN type phases after infiltration. Second, more oxide content preforms gave rise to AlN-Al2O3 solid solution phase （AlON）, The AlON phase was only present in the composite, containing 10% aluminium in the silicon nitride preforms before infiltration.     

晶粒长大过程的相场法模拟

Fe-C合金凝固时微观组织所形成过程的模拟,对优化工艺参数、提高铸件质量,有着重要的工程应用价值.在KKS(Kim,Kim,Suzuki.)模型的基础上,采用相场和溶质场耦合的方法,对Fe-0.5mol%C合金的晶粒长大过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明:晶体生长初期,晶粒为球状,随着时间的推移,晶粒由球状向枝晶状转变,最后形成复杂的树枝晶.对Fe-C合金的凝固过程进行实验研究及对试样进行了微观组织分析.经对比得出,模拟得到的微观组织形貌与实际凝固所得到的微观组织形貌基本一致,验证了相场模型的正确性.     

合金元素对重力铸造Al-5.5Fe基合金组织和性能的影响

为了确定Cu、Zn、Mg等合金元素对重力铸造Al-5.5Fe基合金组织与力学性能的影响规律,采用了SEM、XRD、力学性能测试等分析检测手段.实验表明,适当增加Cu元素的质量分数可以有效提高Al-5.5Fe基合金的抗拉强度.对于重力铸造Al-5.5Fe-xCu合金而言,当Cu的质量分数由2.5%提高到4%时,该合金的抗拉强度得到明显提高,达到了130.65 MPa.Zn、Mg和Mn元素的添加可以有效提高Al-5.5Fe基合金的抗拉强度,Al-5.5Fe-4Cu-2Zn-0.4Mg-0.5Mn合金的抗拉强度达到了171.28 MPa.显微组织观察结果表明,向合金中加入Mg、Mn、Zn等元素可以将针片状Al3Fe的形貌改善得更加圆滑,合金中的第二相呈圆球状、N边形状以及六边形状,且弥散分布于基体中.第二相的数量会随着Cu元素的增加而增加,从而显著提高了合金的性能.     

半固态A1-10%Cu合金流变行为

利用同轴双筒流变仪研究了半固态Al-10％Cu合金的流变行为,发现在连续冷却试验中,被剪切半固态合金浆液的表观粘度随着固相分数以及冷却速度的上升而增加,随切变速率的上升而下降;在等温试验中,其表观粘度随等温时间的上升而下降,大约1000s后达到“稳态”值。     

Microstructure and property of the Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo/TC11 joint welded by electron beam welding

The Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo alloy,in the as-forged and heat-treated states,was joined to the as-forged TC11 titanium alloy by electron beam welding with the heat inputs of 135 and 150 kJ/m.Then the microstructure and property of the Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo/TC11 welding interface were investigated.The results show that the phase constitution of the weld is not related to the heat input,and is mainly composed of α' phase.Moreover,the intermetallic phases of Ti2AlNb,MoNb,Nb3Al,and TiAl3 are formed in the weld zone.There...     

对流下二元合金凝固过程的相场法研究

采用耦合流场的相场模型,以Ni-Cu二元合金为例模拟金属非等温凝固和等温凝固时的枝晶生长,把两种模拟结果作比较。发现：两种模型得出的结果都与溶质再分配理论相符合;潜热的释放在一定程度上抑制枝晶的生长,使得非等温凝固时的平衡再分配浓度比等温凝固时低;非等温凝固的生长Peclet数与Oseen-Ivantsov理论值吻合得更好。     

汽车车身用Al-Mg-Si合金薄板织构及r值的研究

采用织构测定分析、TEM观察和拉伸实验研究了退火态、固溶态及T4态汽车车身用Al-0.9Mg-1.0Si-0.7Cu-0.6Mn合金薄板的再结晶晶粒取向、拉伸变形时的晶粒转动规律及其对板材塑性应变比r值的影响.结果表明：具有copper和brass取向的冷轧铝板经410℃×1 h退火或540℃×0.5 h固溶处理后,其再结晶主织构均为绕板法线方向旋转20°的立方取向,即Cube＋ND20,自然时效对再结晶织构无明显影响;单向拉伸过程中主织构Cube＋ND20取向晶粒绕板法线ND向〈100〉方向旋转5°左右,成为Cube＋ND15取向,同时取向密度降低;不同热处理状态铝板在拉伸变形任意应变量时的r值均大致相同.     

Cu含量对汽车车身板用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.6Mn合金显微组织的影响

采用金相、SEM/EDS、XRD等研究了Cu含量对汽车车身用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.6Mn（in wt.%）铝合金结晶相及合金板材晶粒的影响规律.结果表明：Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-（0.1~0.7）Cu-0.6Mn合金中主要存在部分可溶的浅灰色不规则条块状Al8（FeMn）2Si和黑色条块状或骨骼状结晶相Mg2Si,及完全可溶的球状或椭球状主要含Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3多相共晶产物;随着Cu含量增加,铸态合金中主要含Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3的共晶产物数量逐渐增多,而Mg2Si和Al8（FeMn）2Si结晶相变化不明显;同时,固溶后合金板材的再结晶晶粒变得越来越细,尽管Cu含量对合金冷轧板的晶粒尺寸影响不明显.