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中间相炭微球研究进展 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13
中间相炭微球是一种新型炭材料,它是在研究中间相的过程中发展起来的,其理论基础是中间相理论。系统地介绍了中间相炭微球的发展过程,制备原料和制备方法,此外,还对中间相炭微球的分析方法,应用领域进行了介绍,并对其发展前景作了预测,指出了几个重要的发展方向。 相似文献
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石墨添加对中间相炭微球电化学性能的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以煤焦油沥青为原料,采用聚合法制备中间相炭微球。研究了不同天然鳞片石墨添加量在相同热处理条件下得到的中间相炭微球作为锂离子电池炭负极材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明,石墨的添加使中间相炭微球内部结构变的复杂,X衍射显示石墨的添加降低了炭微球的石墨化度和晶形尺寸。随石墨添加量的增加,电池的首次充放电容量和效率有所减小,三次循环后充放电效率趋于一致。 相似文献
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碳酸丙烯酯(PC)溶剂具有极低的熔点和较高的介电常数,因此作为锂离子电池电解液溶剂,可以有效提高锂离子电池的低温性能。但由于PC易与锂离子在石墨负极表面发生共嵌入而破坏石墨结构,从而导致电池性能急剧变差。以结构稳定的中间相炭微球为负极,利用循环伏安、充放电循环测试和交流阻抗测试方法,研究了不同PC溶剂含量电解液对中间相炭微球电化学性能的影响。结果表明,中间相炭微球结构稳定,当PC含量增加到40%时仍未发生共嵌入现象。同时,随着PC含量的增加,中间相炭微球的循环性能逐步衰减。而PC含量为10%时,中间相炭微球具有最佳的循环性能,其与在不含PC溶剂的电解液中的循环性能相比,没有明显变化,循环100次后的放电比容量为207.1 m A·h/g,容量保持率为57.5%。 相似文献
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通过馏分切割、温和加氢相结合对中低温煤焦油进行精制处理,精制后的原料采用分级热聚制备中间相炭微球。考察了精制处理条件对原料性质、中间相炭微球宏观外貌及微晶结构的影响。采用FTIR、GC-MS、族组成、元素分析对原料进行表征,采用SEM、XRD对中间相炭微球进行表征。结果表明:中低温煤焦油中300~430℃馏分油是制备中间相炭微球的较佳馏分。300~430℃馏分油中正庚烷可溶物(HS)质量分数高达84.76%,吡啶不溶物(PI)质量分数低至0.23%,杂原子含量低,芳烃化合物的环数为2~4环。300~430℃馏分油在TH=350℃、p=8MPa、t=1.5h、剂油比1∶40(质量比)的条件下温和加氢得到的精制原料,经420℃热聚6h得制备的中间相炭微球宏观外貌、微晶结构较好。中低温煤焦油基炭微球的粒径范围为5~15μm,小球表面光滑,微观结构为地球仪型,经1450℃高温煅烧后,石墨化度达到12.33%。 相似文献
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Mesophase spherules separated from pitches and asphalt by quinoline (mesocarbon microbeads) were heat-treated under a pressure of 5 kbar at 1300–2000°C for 1 hr. The as-separated microbeads gave a bulk density of 1.8–1.9 g/cm3 after heat treatments at high temperatures. The pre-heated microbeads gave high bulk density above 2.0 g/cm3 after high temperature heat treatment. The mesocarbon microbeads were found to have low graphitizability under pressure. The as-separated microbeads showed a heterogeneous process of graphitization, but the maximum amount of the graphitic component was only 60% even after 2000°C-treatment under 5 kbar. On the pre-heated microbeads, almost no graphitization was observed. The spherical shape of the as-separated microbeads was lost even after the heat treatments at low temperatures under 5 kbar. However, the pre-heated microbeads showed the tendency to keep the original spherical shape even after heat treatment at 1900°C. 相似文献
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Mesocarbon microbeads are an excellent precursor for carbon materials, because of their ability to self-sinter. TiB2/C composites were prepared from mesocarbon microbeads with TiB2 additions by pressureless sintering. The effect of heat treatment temperature on microstructure and fracture behavior of the products was investigated. Liquid formation and resultant layered structures were observed when the composite was heat treated at 2800 K or above. Low levels of TiB2 (5 vol%) addition improved the fracture toughness. At these levels the catalytic effect on graphitization was low and the size of TiB2 particles decreased significantly because of their interaction with the mesocarbon microbeads. When the content of TiB2 in the composite was 20% by volume, the mesophase carbon was transformed completely into graphite under the influence of a eutectic liquid, as shown by XRD analysis and fractography, which led to a dramatic decrease in fracture toughness. XRD analysis and laser ablation ICP-MS indicate that boron diffused into the carbon matrix when composites were heat treated above 2700 K. Resistance of the composite materials to crack propagation increased further when finer TiB2 particles were used, and eventually, TiB2/C composites with fracture toughness as high as 1.92 MPa m0.5 were obtained. 相似文献
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介绍中间相沥青炭微球的制备方法和发展现状,分析了其在锂离子二次电池等方面的应用及国内外市场前景。 相似文献
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采用恒电位阶跃的方法,对锂在锂离子电池负极材料中的扩散系数进行测量,对天然石墨和中间相炭微球两种负极材料进行了大倍率充放电性能测试。结果表明,锂在两种负极材料中的扩散系数是不同的,锂在天然石墨中的扩散系数较小,只有1.90×10-11cm2/s,而锂中间相炭微球中的扩散系数较大,达4.25×10-9cm2/s,扩散系数大,电极的大电流充放电性能好,天然石墨在5 C放电下放电平台升高到0.3 V,放电容量急剧减小,而中间相炭微球在5 C放电下仍能保持0.2 V左右的放电平台,放电容量保持在234 mA.h/g。 相似文献
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Expanded mesocarbon microbeads (EMCMB) were prepared from graphitized mesocarbon microbeads by a chemical method. The expanded volume of EMCMB was significantly influenced by the reaction time, temperature, weight ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, the maximum value of which was 4.1 ml/g. The morphology and structure characters of MCMB after chemical reaction and expansion were also investigated by SEM, BET and XRD measurements. The results show that the spherical, layered structure of MCMB could be verified convincingly by SEM micrographs of EMCMB, and the values of crystallite parameters of intercalated MCMB and EMCMB such as Lc and La decreased significantly compared with that of pristine MCMB, indicating that the stack height and stack width of carbon layers in a crystallite decreased after intercalation reaction and expansion. Meanwhile, EMCMB with appropriate porosity using as anode material for lithium-ion batteries exhibited an excellent high-rate discharge capacity and good cycle stability at the large current density. 相似文献
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