瑞利信道下网格酉空时调制的仿真实现

介绍了在酉空时星座下的空时网格码调制的原理,在MATLBA软件环境下,对瑞利衰落信道下的网格酉空时调制的性能进行仿真,并与相同信道下未编码的酉空时码的性能进行比较.结果显示,在10-4比特误码率下相对于未编码得到8~15 dB的编码增益.     

基于空时编码的分集技术

近年来,为了提高无线频谱的利用率,一些学者提出了一种结合分集发送、调制和编码的空时码。空时码是应用于无线通信中的一种新的编码和信号处理技术,它将信道编码技术与分集技术相结合,从而提高信号在无线衰落信道中传输的可靠性,采用这种技术以后,可以大幅度地提高无线通信系统的信息容量和传输速率,并能有效地提高抗噪声和抗干扰的能力。     

MIMO通信系统中波束形成技术研究及实现

本文概述了MIMO通信系中波束形成技术中的空时分级码原理，将最小均方算法与空时分组码进行有效的结合，讨论其对系统性能的影响。     

高斯色噪声下的子阵平滑主模式抑制波束形成

实际海洋波导是一种具有空-时相关性的衰落信道,且其驻留的海洋环境背景噪声场呈现非均匀各向异性的特性,噪声场时空相关性并非δ函数,大孔径声呐的探测性能会受到很大影响。将背景噪声建模为有色高斯随机过程,设计基于子阵平滑的主模式抑制(Dominant Mode Rejection, DMR)波束形成算法,以实现小快拍数条件下具有去相关作用的自适应处理,较好地提高了大孔径阵声呐在高斯色噪声环境下的探测能力。模拟仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的抑制高斯色噪声的能力。     

衰落条件下数字无线信道的均衡

多径效应和信道带宽的有限性以及信道特性的不完善导致数据传输时不可避免地产生码间干扰,导致误码率增大,通信质量下降,有时甚至会引起通信中断。因此,若要使数字通信得到进一步的发展,就必须解决码间干扰的问题。本文所要完成的工作和任务是学习并根据均衡原理,了解适应均衡器的原理及构造,并根据原理做出仿真,确定仿真条件下性能的估算方法,理解衰落条件下数字无线信道均衡技术,建立信道和均衡器模型。并对仿真结果进行分析,然后进行错误率估算,从而对无线通信性能进行估算。     

水声DS-CDMA通信中多相位假设码片速率自适应判决反馈均衡算法研究

研究了直接序列扩频码分复用(DS-CDMA)通信中基于多相位假设的码片速率自适应判决反馈均衡算法.水声信道的衰落和多普勒频移会严重影响扩频信号的相关特性,需要在做解扩频之前进行多普勒频移补偿和信道自适应均衡.将空间分集-多普勒频移补偿-自最佳自适应判决反馈均衡算法应用到DS-CDMA通信中,提出一种基于多相位假设的码片速率自适应判决反馈均衡算法,并用实际的千岛湖实验数据和仿真数据对算法性能进行了分析.结果表明算法以增加计算复杂性为代价显著提高了DS-CDMA通信性能,在复杂快变的多途和多普勒频移条件下可以保证低的误符号率,在低信噪比条件下能够稳定工作,总体性能良好.     

侧送风气流组织的设计

本文通过对一空调房间气流组织方案的改进分析及计算，分析了换气次数对侧送风气流组织的影响，得出了在一定回流平均速度和换气次数下，存在一满足空调设计的最大送风距离，且这一送风距离与最大回流平均速度的平方成正比，与换气次数成反比的结论。     

基于循环延迟分集的差分空时频编码方案

结合正交空时码的分集优势,将正交空时码应用到差分空频系统中,提出了一种基于循环延迟分集的多流差分空时频编码新方法,在差分系统中同时获得了空间和频率分集.该差分编码方法在满足信道的时间和频率选择性前提下,只需要发送很少的参考矩阵用于非相干检测.仿真结果表明,正交空时码的引入,可以有效提高整个系统的分集增益,从而在很大程度上改善整个差分MIMO-OFDM系统的误码性能.     

沿空留巷锚杆支护技术

沿空留巷的关键是沿空一侧巷旁支护体的材料和性能的选择，介绍了困难条件下煤巷锚杆支护沿空留巷技术设计及参数确定，巷内采用注浆锚杆和注浆锚索补强，巷旁采用木垛与密集支架增强支护能有效控制围岩变形，满足生产技术要求。     

金属拉伸速率的控制

焊接熔敷金属的拉伸试验时，拉伸速度过快，会使材料的σｓ点上升；过慢又会较严重的出现“鱼目”，降低材料的延伸率。按ＧＢ２２８－８７的要求，对ＷＥ－６０拉力试验机，设计出了用指针在单位时间走过的格数（０．６格￣６格／秒），从而较简便地解决了老式拉力试验机速率控制问题。     

Pulse position modulated space?time trellis coding for ultra-wideband impulse radio multiple-input multiple-output communication systems

The design of pulse position modulated (PPM) space-time trellis codes (STTC) for ultra-wideband impulse radio (UWB-IR) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems over slow and fast fading multipath channels is considered. First, A probability of error analysis is carried out to derive upper bounds on pairwise symbol error probability at high and low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). From the upper bounds, A new distance notion is introduced and novel design criteria for optimal (in error rate performance) M-ary PPM STTC are deduced for UWB. An optimal binary-PPM STTC is designed for two transmit antennas. Finally, simulation results of the UWB-IR MIMO system, using the optimal STTC, confirm significant improvement in bit-error-rate performance over the uncoded UWB-IR single-input single-output system and also over previously proposed space-time coding scheme for UWB, at higher SNR.     

Super-orthogonal space-time-frequency trellis coded OFDM

Super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes (SOSTTCs) given in the literature are full rate and provide full spatial diversity with high coding gain in narrowband quasistatic fading channels. The high number of parallel transitions in their trellis structure restricts their performance in wideband channels where the code performance suffers from multipath. Code design criteria are derived and a computer search based method is proposed to design full-rate optimised SOSTTCs exploiting full spatial and multipath diversity for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. The proposed codes have codewords defined in space, time, and frequency. We evaluate the codeword error rates of the new 16, 32 and 64-state super-orthogonal space-time-frequency trellis codes for quadrature phase shift keying by computer simulation and show that they provide significant error performance improvement compared to their counterparts with equivalent delay length     

Cascaded generalised-K fading channel

A versatile fading distribution that generalises many commonly used models for multi-path and shadow fading is the so-called generalised-K (KG) distribution. By considering the product of N independent but not necessarily identically distributed (n.i.d.) squared KG random variables (RVs), we derive exact closed-form expressions for the moment generating function, probability density function, cumulative distribution function and the moments of the cascaded KG fading channel. Expressions for the ergodic capacity and the error performance of different digital modulation schemes are also obtained. Based on the above mentioned formulas, we analyse the performance of orthogonal space-time block codes over multiple-input multipleoutput keyhole KG fading channels. Various performance evaluation results demonstrate the proposed mathematical analysis.     

Bandwidth-efficient code design for coordinate interleaved coded cooperation

A two-user coordinate interleaved coded cooperation scheme is proposed for quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels, where cooperative and modulation diversity techniques are properly combined to take their full advantage. Two selective cooperation schemes are considered related to whether users know the cooperation case or not. Pairwise error probability (PEP) analysis is performed for all cooperation cases and code design criteria are derived from the PEP upper bounds. Bandwidth-efficient 4-, 8- and 16-state rate 2/4 cooperative quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) trellis codes are obtained based on these criteria by means of exhaustive computer search. The error performances of the new codes evaluated by computer simulations show their superiority compared to the corresponding best space-time codes used in cooperation with coordinate interleaving. The simulation results are supported by an upper bound on the bit error probability developed using union bounding technique.     

Concatenated bit-interleaved coded modulation and orthogonal space-time block codes over fading channels

The authors analyse concatenated bit-interleaved coded modulation and orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) over fading channels in the absence and presence of channel state information (CSI) in receiver. The authors derive analytical expressions for bit and frame error probabilities based on which corresponding designing rules are proposed. The analytical results are for arbitrary rate of constituent STBC and arbitrary convolutional code, and for CSI-aware receiver is for any number of transmit and receive antennas. Simulation results are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed designing rules. Moreover, the simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms concatenated trellis coded modulation and OSTBC.     

M-PAM space?time trellis codes for ultra-wideband multiple-input multiple-output communications

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with space-time (ST) coding are desirable in ultra- wideband (UWB) communication systems to improve the error-rate performance of the UWB link. The authors have considered the design of optimal (in error-rate performance) M-ary pulse-amplitude modulated (M-PAM) ST trellis codes (STTC) for a pulse-based UWB MIMO communication system. Following the approach by Vucetic et al. for narrowband systems, the authors carry out a probability of error analysis to derive upper bounds on pairwise symbol error probability for a UWB communication system for slow fading and fast fading at both low and high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The authors deduce the design criteria from the upper bounds. Based on these criteria, an optimal four-state binary-PAM STTC, for two transmit antennas, is designed by hand. Finally, simulation results of the optimal binary-PAM STTC in a UWB communication system confirm significant improvement in bit error-rate performance over previously proposed ST coding scheme for UWB, at higher transmit SNR.     

Performance of multiantenna multicarrier direct-sequence code division multiple access using orthogonal variable spreading factor codes-assisted space?time spreading in time-selective fading channels

A downlink (base-to-mobile) multicarrier direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (MC DS-CDMA) system employing multiple antennas at both the base station and each of the mobile terminals is investigated, when communicating over fast time-varying fading channels resulting in time-selective fading. In the considered multiantenna MC DS-CDMA, space-time spreading (STS) based on the family of orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes is proposed in order to achieve the time diversity because of the time-selective fading, in addition to the transmit/receive diversity. In this contribution, the closed-form expressions for the single-user bit-error rate (BER) are derived, in order to gain insight into the achievable BER performance of the multiantenna MC DS-CDMA. The BER performance of the multiantenna MC DS-CDMA system is investigated, when communicating over correlated time-selective Rayleigh fading channels. The study and performance results show that the multiantenna MC DS-CDMA using OVSF codes-assisted STS constitutes a high-efficiency downlink space-time transmission scheme. It is capable of achieving the full diversity provided by the time- selective fading and multiple transmit/receive antennas. Furthermore, the proposed multiantenna MC DS-CDMA is capable of achieving a self-balance between the time diversity achieved and the multiuser interference suppression capability, when using low-complexity correlation detection.     

BER analysis of space-time diversity in CDMA systems over frequency-selective fading channels

The performance of direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) using space-time spreading system, over frequency-selective fading channels, is investigated. The underlying transmit diversity scheme, previously introduced in the literature, is based on two transmit and one receive antenna. It was shown that when employed in flat fast-fading channels, the received signal quality can be improved by utilising the spatial and temporal diversities at the receiver side. We study the problem of multiuser interference in asynchronous CDMA systems that employ transmit/receive diversity using space-time spreading. To overcome the effects of interference, a decorrelator detector is used at the base station. Considering binary phase-shift keying transmission, we analyse the system performance in terms of its probability of bit error. In particular, we derive the probability of error over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels for both fast and slow-fading channels. For the fast-fading channel, both simulations and analytical results show that the full system diversity is achieved. On the other hand, when considering a slow-fading channel, we show that the scheme reduces to conventional space-time spreading schemes where the diversity order is half of that of fast-fading.     

Diversity?multiplexing trade-off performance of linear dispersive codes

The diversity?multiplexing trade-off function provides a complete view to evaluate both the diversitybased and the multiplexing-based space?time schemes. The trade-off performance of the linear dispersive codes (LDCs) over both the block fading and the fast fading channels is analysed. Results show that LDCs can achieve better trade-off performance than some of the existing space?time schemes over block fading channels. For fast fading channels, the time factor is clearly expressed in the trade-off function, and the analysis shows that LDCs can achieve both the space diversity and the time diversity simultaneously.     

迫零对Turbo码的性能影响

从距离谱的角度对迫零在Turbo码中的作用进行了理论分析。通过仿真，研究了迫零对Turbo码性能的影响。仿真结果表明，Turbo码编码器迫零处理有助于改善Turbo码的性能。