Ni在机械合金化合成TiC过程中的研究

研究了不同加入量的Ni对机械合金化合成TiC的影响.应用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、差热分析等分析方法,对合成产物进行了组织及热稳定性分析.结果表明,合成产物的晶粒尺寸已达到纳米级,且纳米TiC的热稳定性较好,加入一定量的Ni对机械合金化合成TiC具有加速作用.     

以铝为助剂通过机械合金化和热处理制备Ti3SiC2

采用Ti、Si、C单质粉末为原料,添加少量Al元素粉末为助剂,通过机械合金化和热处理制备高纯Ti3SiC2材料。采用XRD和SEM研究该材料的物相组成和显微结构。研究结果表明,机械合金化Ti、Si、C单质混合粉末,会诱发自蔓延反应,生成组成相为TiC、Ti3SiC2、TiSi2和Ti5Si3的粉末与颗粒产物。添加适量的Al元素可消除硅化物,明显促进Ti3SiC2的反应合成。采用Ti、Si、C、Al单质粉末进行机械合金化,可制备出主相为TiC与Ti3SiC2的粉末与颗粒产物。对掺Al机械合金化粉末产物压制后,在900~1 100℃热处理2 h,可制备出纯度大于95%(质量分数)的Ti3SiC2材料,而颗粒产物在900~1 200℃进行热处理,亦可获得纯度为96%的Ti3SiC2材料。但在1 300℃,热处理产物中的Ti3SiC2会发生严重分解,部分分解为TiC和少量硅化物,使产物纯度降低。     

机械合金化+热处理制备Ti_3AlC_2材料

采用3Ti/1.1Al/2C粉体为原料,通过机械合金化与热处理,制备高纯Ti3AlC2材料。采用XRD、SEM和EDS对试样的物相组成、微观形貌和微区成分进行分析与表征。结果表明,3Ti/1.1Al/2C粉体机械合金化9 h后,元素粉末间会发生化学反应,合成了TiC和Ti3AlC2的复合粉体材料。粉体材料的晶粒比较细小,颗粒直径约为0.5~2μm。同时产物中有一些坚硬、细小的块体出现,小块体中的TiC和Ti3AlC2晶粒发育良好,TiC晶粒大小约2μm,Ti3AlC2晶粒长约10μm、宽约2μm。对得到的机械合金化粉体进行热处理,经900℃保温2 h可获得组织细小(颗粒直径0.5~1μm)、高纯(96.6%)的Ti3AlC2材料。继续升温,会导致Ti3AlC2材料分解。温度升至1 300℃时,物相分析表明试样仅由TiC相组成,组织致密,TiC晶粒大小约5~10μm。     

TiC对自蔓延高温合成Ti3AlC2相的影响

以Ti、Al和C粉末为原料的自蔓延高温合成试验研究结果表明:在n(Ti)∶n(Al)∶n(C)=2∶1∶1体系中,未添加TiC时,合成产物中有大量的杂相Ti2AlC生成;当添加≤22.5%(原子数分数)TiC时,合成产物中TiC的含量减少,Ti3AlC2的含量显著增多,Ti2AlC杂质相消失;添加＞22.5%(原子数分...     

热爆合成TiC/Ni3Al金属间化合物基复合材料的研究

采用热爆合成技术制备TiC/Ni3Al复合材料,通过DSC,XRD,SEM等分析手段对Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系热爆反应过程及复合材料进行了研究。结果表明:Ni,Al在反应生成Ni3Al的同时引发了Ti和C之间生成TiC的反应,形成了纯净的TiC/Ni3Al复合产物,Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系的反应温度与TiC含量无关。热爆产物的微观组织形貌跟体系成分及热爆温度有关,TiC含量愈高,TiC颗粒粒度愈大,热爆产物中微观孔隙愈少;TiC颗粒的粒度随热爆温度的升高而增大,形状从近球形发育成多边形。热爆产物的致密度随着TiC含量增加及热爆温度的升高均表现出先增加后减小的变化趋势。当TiC含量为35%左右,热爆温度为750℃左右时,产物致密度最高。不同成分复合材料的显微硬度不同,TiC含量增加,复合材料显微硬度显著提高。     

Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系热爆合成反应及产物形态的研究

采用SEM和EDS分析对Ti—C-3Ni—Al体系热爆合成反应进行了研究。结果表明，由Ni和Al的放热反应引发Ti和C的强放热反应，体系生成了TiC／Ni3Al复合产物。体系成分和热爆温度是影响反应及产物形态的主要因素。TiC含量愈高，反应愈剧烈，TiC颗粒粒度愈大，产物致密性则先降低后升高。热爆温度愈高，反应愈剧烈，产物致密性相对愈好；TiC颗粒粒度随温度的升高而增大，形状从近球形发育成多边形。     

SHS法制备钛基复合材料用的TiC颗粒

研究了由Ti，C，Al元素粉末通过自蔓延高温合成(SHS)工艺制取TiC颗粒过程中体系物相组成的变化情况，以及合成产物的状态。采用燃烧波淬熄法制备了样品，用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微(SEM)技术分析、检测了所得样品的相组成和微结构。结果表明，在Ti—C—Al系的燃烧合成反应中，分别产生Ti—Al，Ti—C和Al—C间的多个反应，生成多种金属间化合物相，但最终产物以TiC和纯Al相为主。反应产物的形态为纯Al相分隔的符合化学计量比的等轴TiC颗粒多孔堆积体，颗粒大小均匀，尺寸多在2μm一8μm之间。     

NiAl/TiC金属陶瓷的燃烧合成

对Ni-Al-Ti-C燃烧合成体系进行热力学计算,并运用热力学原理分析该燃烧合成体系的平衡产物相.计算结果表明,Ni-Al-Ti-C燃烧合成体系的绝热燃烧温度为1 911 K,燃烧合成平衡相为NiAl和TiC.燃烧合成产物经XRD分析与热力学分析结果相吻合,说明该燃烧合成反应进行的较为彻底,证实热力学分析结果可信.原位合成NiAl/TiC复合材料中,NiAl基体出现了明显熔化特征,TiC颗粒在基体中分布不均匀.     

Ti、Al、C三元素机械球磨工艺对燃烧合成Ti_3AlC_2相的影响

以金属粉末Ti、Al、C为原料,研究不同Ti、Al、C配比及研磨速度、球料比等研磨参数对燃烧合成Ti3AlC2相结构的影响。结果表明:对n(Ti)∶n(Al)∶n(C)=2∶2∶1体系,研磨速度达到120 r/min时,原始粉料完全参与反应,合成产物中无原始粉料残留;而适当的球料比可在混料阶段产生机械诱发自蔓延现象,压坯中因此出现的TiC晶种为Ti3AlC2的燃烧合成做好组织准备。     

原位反应合成法制备TiC/2618复合材料的工艺研究

利用原位反应合成法（即XD法）制备了不同成分配比的TiC/Al预制块,然后通过熔铸法制备了TiC/2618复合材料,并通过X—ray衍射技术和透射电镜分析方法对预制块和复合材料进行了研究,结果表明：（1）Al、Ti、C粉末的配比直接影响其烧结产物的组织成分及含量,当C%较高时,产物中除α（Al）和TiC相外还含有Al4C3相;烧结产物的致密度随Ti%的减少而增大,高含Ti%量的预制块因其低密度、不利于熔铸而不适于制作复合材料。（2）熔铸法制备TiC/2618复合材料是可行的。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.