氯化焙烧回收高铁硫酸烧渣中有价金属的实验研究

从高铁硫酸渣本身的特点出发,选用氯化挥发法进行有色金属分离的实验。结果表明:氯化剂的含量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间均会对有价金属的挥发产生影响;随着氯化剂的含量的增加,金、银、铜、铅、锌挥发率均会提高,挥发率达到最大值后稳定;金、银达到最大挥发率所需氯化剂分别为4%、6%,而铜、锌需9%;高温会促进氯化剂的分解,最重要的是促进金属氯化物的挥发,从而提高挥发率,但是在高氯化剂含量（9%）的情况下,焙烧温度超过1150℃后,随着温度的升高铜、铅、锌的挥发率反而会降低;焙烧时金属氯化物挥发需20 min,而氯化剂完全分解需60 min。综合考虑后最终选择的条件是烧渣中加入9%CaCl₂在1100℃下焙烧,在此条件下焙烧后金、银品位及挥发率分别为:0.17g/t、91.26%、6.24g/t、80.05%,其它元素的含量也都达标。     

正交试验L_(16)(4~5)的线性回归方法在硫酸浸取硫铁矿烧渣工艺条件优化中的应用

本文通过硫酸浸取硫铁矿烧渣工艺条件的实验,讨论五因素四水平正交试验的编码后的线性回归法,解决正交设计L_(16)(4~5)实验中各因素的单项、交互项以及平方项对因变量的影响。在原有试验数据基础上,通过淘汰、增加、线性回归循环方法,得出一个具有统计意义的表示各参数单项、交互作用项及平方项等对实验结果的线性表达式。本实验中反应温度、反应时间、硫酸浓度、硫酸浓度-温度交互作用、硫酸浓度-反应时间交互作用、温度-反应时间交互作用、硫酸过量系数的平方项和硫酸过量系数-温度交互作用对浸出率有显著性影响。规划求解显示,最佳组合为硫酸过量系数1.149、硫酸浓度8.0 mol/L、反应温度100℃、反应时间3.0 hr,预测浸出率为87.14%。     

直接还原炼铁行业中两段粉煤气化工艺模拟的研究

根据碳和水蒸汽、二氧化碳气化是吸热反应的原理,开发了用化学反应法回收高温煤气显热的煤基两段组合式新气化工艺,在发电及钢铁行业有着非常广阔的应用前景.论文用模拟软件Aspen Plus,建立了两段(一段气流床,二段固定床)组合式粉煤气化模型,模拟直接还原炼铁过程(DRI)中的两段组合式气化工艺.研究在二段是否补加水蒸汽,以N2及CO2作为粉煤输送介质的气化工艺指标,模拟结果表明:二段炉内补加水蒸汽时,将会增加二段气化用煤量,而降低了出口煤气中的有效气含量.因此两段气化工艺用于炼铁行业时,选择一段气流床的粉煤以CO2作为输送介质,既增加二段炉内的气化剂,又增加整个气化工艺出口煤气的有效气成分,满足直接还原炼铁行业的要求.     

一种虚拟还原穿透方法的研究

根据系统磁盘读写操作的处理流程,分析了还原技术的关键,并在此基础上提出了虚拟还原穿透方法的技术和策略,分析了POVRPD中穿透方式和输入输出同步,综合说明了POVRPD的处理流程的技术思路和关键技术。     

Experimental study on direct adaptive control of a PUMA 560 industrial robot

The article describes the implementation and experimental validation of a new direct adaptive control scheme on a PUMA 560 industrial robot. The testbed facility consists of a Unimation PUMA 560 six-jointed robot and controller, and a DEC Micro VAX II computer which hosts the RCCL (Robot Control “C” Library) software. The control algorithm is implemented on the Micro VAX which acts as a digital controller for the PUMA robot, and the Unimation controller is effectively bypassed and used merely as an I/O device to interface the Micro VAX to the joint motors. The control algorithm for each robot joint consists of an auxiliary signal generated by a constant-gain PID controller, and an adaptive position-velocity (PD) feedback controller with adjustable gains. The adaptive independent joint controllers compensate for the interjoint couplings and achieve accurate trajectory tracking without the need for the complex dynamic model and parameter values of the robot. Extensive experimental results on PUMA joint control are presented to confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme, in spite of strong interactions between joint motions. The scheme is also implemented for control of the end-effector motion in Cartesian space. Experimental results validate the capabilities of the proposed control scheme. The control scheme is extremely simple and computationally very fast for concurrent processing with high sampling rates.     

Fast direct computation of modular reduction

A new general algorithm is proposed for computation of the multiprecision modular reduction x mod m. This algorithm has better time estimates than the well-known Montgomery method and much better application characteristics. The algorithm does not require changes in the initial and final values of the arguments. The precomputation time is no more than the time of two multiplications. Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 4, pp. 3–12, July–August, 1999.     

轮-带驱动系统单向离合器减振机理实验分析

以安装有单向离合器的轮-带驱动系统为研究对象,采用实验的方法研究系统中单向离合器对多楔带振动特性的影响.通过实验对比有无单向离合器的状况,明确单向离合器对轮-带动力系统的减振效应.并实验对比了多楔带初始张力对减振效果的影响.分析实验结果发现,装有单向离合器的轮-带驱动系统,多楔带的振动随转速变化呈现出非线性振动特性;单向离合器对轮-带动力系统多楔带的横向振动起到了显著的减振作用.     

ICP工艺参数对刻蚀Pyrex玻璃影响的实验研究

影响ICP刻蚀的工艺参数包括反应室压力,偏置射频功率,氩气流量比率。通过正交试验的方法,以CHF3和Ar的混合物作为反应气体,利用电感耦合等离子体技术刻蚀Pyrex玻璃。并采用回归分析方法建立了二次回归方程模型描述腐蚀速率和三个因素之间的关系。实验结果表明,氩气的流量比率（总气体流量（CHF3+Ar）是恒定的）对刻蚀速率的影响最大,影响程度的主次顺序为氩气的流量比率,反应室压力,偏置射频功率。腐蚀速率和三个因素之间的数学表达式为：腐蚀速率=532.6800+2.0556×Ar+0.0127×（偏置射频功率）-0.9641×压力-0.0655×Ar2-0.0067×Ar×（偏置射频功率）+0.0217×（偏置射频功率）×压力-0.0504×（压力）2,实验结果证明数学拟合结果良好。     

纸币机械式测厚系统运动过程试验研究

目前银行使用的高端点验钞机配备机械式纸币测厚系统,银行需通过该系统将厚度异常的纸币清分出来,特别是在纸币前端黏贴有胶带的纸币。针对机械式纸币测厚系统在走钞过程中由于弹片的抖动无法检测到纸币前端黏贴有胶带的问题,设计了一个抖动检测试验平台,并分别利用高速相机及电涡流传感器检测走钞过程中在冲击初始阶段测厚系统的弹片的弹跳。首先以测厚系统为样本搭建一个抖动检测试验平台模仿纸币在点验钞机中的走钞状态,然后利用高速相机拍摄测厚系统在走钞过程中的运动状态并通过描绘拍摄照片特征点得到测厚系统在走钞过程中的抖动轨迹,再利用安装在抖动试验平台的电涡流传感器检测走钞过程中测厚系统的抖动轨迹,最后结合弹簧质量系统进行理论分析。试验结果表明,能通过高速相机及电涡流传感器在抖动试验平台上清晰检测到走钞过程中冲击初始阶段测厚系统的弹片产生位移较大且维持时间占纸币过钞时间10%的弹跳。该研究结果可为改进设计提供依据及检测手段,为类似应用提供借鉴。     

基于重启Lanczos过程的模型降阶方法

针对大规模的线性时不变系统,提出了基于重启Lanczos过程的模型降阶方法。首先,通过重启Lanczos过程分别得到原始系统的可控Gram矩阵的近似矩阵及可观Gram矩阵的近似矩阵。然后,根据原始系统的可控Gram矩阵及可观Gram矩阵所满足的Lyapunov方程构造映射Sylvester方程并求解,对解进行双正交化,得到降阶所需的变换矩阵,从而得到降阶系统。运用此方法对大规模线性时不变系统进行降阶,能够得到具有较高近似精度的稳定的降阶系统。最后,数值算例验证了此方法是行之有效的。     

Serialization of process reduction in Concurrent Prolog

Unlike most other logic programming languages. Concurrent Prolog⁵⁾ does not include a sequential-AND operator to enforce serial goal (process) reduction. However, sequential process reduction is still possible using existing constructs. In a number of published programming examples it is achieved with the “commit” operator. Such programs may not execute as described, but instead encounter deadlock. In this paper several examples of this are presented, the cause of the problem is diagnosed, and a solution suggested. This paper also deals with sequential process reduction in more general terms. The methods available to achieve serialization involving commit and read-only variable references are analyzed and compared. The potential for incorporating sequential-AND into the language is also addressed.     

Order reduction of non-linear differential-algebraic process models

A method for order reduction of non-linear differential-algebraic models arbitrary index is presented. The approach is a direct generalization of a method suggested by Pallaske in 1987 for the reduction of explicit differential equation models. It relies on an optimal orthogonal projection of the solution trajectories into a subspace of the original state space. A rigorous development of the reduction technique is given. Strong emphasis is on implementational issues such as the choice of tuning parameters for a particular problem. A theoretical and numerical evaluation of the method is provided. The case studies discussed include the reduction of a strongly non-linear catalytic fixed bed reactor model.