聚醚酯/聚丙烯纤维的制备及其卷曲、收缩性能研究

采用聚醚酯和聚丙烯共混熔融纺丝,经过一定拉伸松弛后得到自卷曲共混纤维。通过对卷曲性能和沸水收缩率等的测定,探讨了共混纤维的性能。结果表明:PP含量为16%,拉伸4倍的共混纤维具有较好的卷曲性能;当拉伸倍数增大时,沸水收缩率逐渐增加,但拉伸倍数为5倍时,沸水收缩率下降;随着PP含量的增加,纤维沸水收缩率逐渐降低,经紧张热定形的纤维沸水收缩率小于经松弛热定形处理的纤维。     

聚丙烯/含锌聚醚酯酰胺共混纤维的结构与性能

以氧化锌、己二酸、聚己二醇、己内酰胺和二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为原料制备含锌聚醚酯酰胺(M-PEEAM)。将聚丙烯(PP)与M-PEEAM共混制备PP/M-PEEAM共混物及其纤维,研究了PP/M-PEEAM共混物的热性质,考察了PP/M-PEEAM共混纤维的结构与力学性能。结果表明:PP/M-PEEAM共混物在166～167℃附近有大的吸热峰,在50℃和218℃附近有2个小吸热峰,多峰效应表明PP和M-PEEAM为不相容体系,M-PEEAM含量对PP/M-PEEAM共混物熔点影响不大;PP/M-PEEAM共混物具有两相结构,M-PEEAM呈球形分布在PP基体之中,M-PEEAM含量增加,球的直径增大,长度增加。PP/M-PEEAM共混纤维的断裂强度随着M-PEEAM含量增加而减小。     

聚醚酯酰胺对PA6纤维的抗静电改性研究

采用聚已内酰胺(PA6)和聚乙二醇(PEG)嵌段共聚反应制备聚醚酯酰胺(PEEA),与PA6混合纺丝获得共混纤维。结果表明:红外光谱分析和X射线分析证明PEEA为嵌段聚合物,差示扫描量热表明PEEA具有两相结构;共混纤维的抗静电性随PEEA含量的增加而提高,共混纤维强度小于PA6纤维;当PEEA质量分数为6%时,共混纤维断裂强度最大达4.4 cN/dtex,断裂伸长小于46.01%。     

纳米CaCO_3/EVA/PP共混制备多孔聚丙烯纤维

以纳米CaCO3为成孔剂,与聚丙烯(PP)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯嵌段共聚物(EVA)相混合制得共混纤维,将共混纤维进行酸处理和醇解处理后得到多孔聚丙烯纤维。研究了纳米CaCO3/EVA/PP共混物的力学性能,考察了纳米CaCO3/EVA/PP共混纤维的回潮率与表面形态。结果表明:随着EVA含量的增加,纳米CaCO3/EVA/PP共混纤维的力学性能下降,回潮率上升,纤维表面的微孔更加密集、均匀。     

抗静电高收缩聚酯纤维的研究

分别以5,-磺酸钠间苯二甲酸二甲酯(SIPM)和聚醚酯为改性剂,采用共聚及共混方法制备具有抗静电性的高收缩聚酯纤维。研究了改性剂种类、用量和拉伸温度对聚酯纤维抗静电性和收缩性的影响,结果发现随聚醚酯含量增加,纤维的电阻率减小,共混纤维的抗静电性优于共聚纤维。在聚酯中引入SIPM可以有效提高纤维的收缩性能,在体系中同时引入聚醚酯时会降低纤维的收缩率。纤维在低温拉伸时获得的收缩率高于高温拉伸。     

含锌聚醚酯酰胺高分子抗静电剂的合成与结构研究

通过三步反应,合成了一种由氧化锌、脂肪族二羧酸、聚乙二醇和己内酰胺制成的被称为含锌聚醚酯酰胺的高分子抗静电剂。研究了反应时间和温度对酯化反应的酸值和酯化率的影响,用红外光谱和X-射线衍射分析了含锌聚醚酯酰胺和其中间体的结构。结果表明:二羧酸锌与聚乙二醇的酯化反应体系的酸值随时间延长而减小,酯化率随时间延长而增大;反应3h后,酸值和酯化率变化减缓。红外光谱和X-射线衍射分析可知,研究成功合成了各阶段的产物;含锌聚醚酯酰胺中,含锌聚醚酯与聚己内酰胺分别结晶,脂肪酸的亚甲基数目增大,含锌聚醚酯酰胺的结晶性增强。     

耐久抗静电PA6纤维的研究

以已二酸、氧化锌、聚乙二醇和己内酰胺为原料制得含锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺(PEEAM),与PA6切片共混纺丝,得到耐久抗静电PA6纤维。结果表明:PEEAM中含有锌离子和聚醚链段,PEEAM的熔融温度比PA6略有下降。添加质量分数为4%的PEEAM时,耐久抗静电PA6纤维的断裂强度达到最大值为3.5 cN/ dtex,纤维比电阻降至10~7Ω·cm,且耐洗性能优良。     

CaCO3/聚丙烯共混制备多孔聚丙烯纤维的研究

以CaCO3为成孔剂,与聚丙烯相混合制得多孔纤维。研究了CaCO3/聚丙烯共混物的流动性和密度,考察了CaCO3/聚丙烯共混纤维的力学性能、吸湿性能与表面形态。结果表明:CaCO3/聚丙烯共混物为切力变稀流体,流体表观黏度随着CaCO3含量的增加而减小,减小程度与CaCO3含量有关。CaCO3含量增加,共混物密度增大,共混纤维的力学性能下降,回潮率增大。经酸处理后共混纤维表面存在多孔结构。     

新型亲水抗静电聚醚酯母粒的热性能研究

以数均相对分子质量为6 000的聚乙二醇(PEG)作为反应型改性组份,并添加一定含量的无机抗静电剂作为改性助剂,在30 L聚合装置上,制备了一种新型的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维用亲水抗静电聚醚酯母粒,研究了聚醚酯母粒的热性能。结果表明:添加高含量的PEG对聚醚酯母粒的结晶过程起到阻碍作用,且随着PEG添加量的增加,聚醚酯母粒的熔点略有降低,同时出现熔融双峰;在氮气环境中,聚醚酯母粒的热分解温度均在400℃以上,且随着PEG含量的增加,聚醚酯母粒的热分解温度逐渐降低;随着PEG含量、热处理温度、热处理时间的增加,聚醚酯母粒的黏度降不断增加,热降解更容易进行,聚醚酯链段更容易断裂成小分子链段。     

聚丙烯/水溶性聚酯二元共混物及其纤维的性能研究

研究了聚丙烯 / 水溶性聚酯二元共混物的流动性、结晶性,考察了共混纤维的亲水性。结果表明:聚丙烯 / 水溶性聚酯共混物的流动行为与聚丙烯相似,为典型的假塑性流动,在低剪切速率区,共混物有更好的流动性;共混物的结晶度在水溶性聚酯含量为 9% 时,有最小值;共混纤维的回潮率随水溶性聚酯含量增加而增大;保水率在水溶性聚酯含量为 9% 时有最大值。     

Polymeric systems for acoustic damping. III. Blends of poly(vinyl chloride), segmented poly(ether ester), and poly(methyl acrylate)

A solution blend of poly(vinyl chloride) and a segmented poly(ether ester) and blends containing these two polymers plus poly(methyl acrylate) were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and electron microscopy. The binary blend, which contained 75% by weight of the poly(ether ester), showed only one loss peak, but also evidence of some phase separation. It is believed that the polyether sequences of the poly(ether ester) are extensively mixed with poly(vinyl chloride). Poly(methyl acrylate) was added to spread the damping range and produce a material of potential use as an acoustic damper. It is evident from both electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis that poly(methyl acrylate) is substantially incompatible in the other polymers.     

Synthesis of poly(ether amide)s from p‐xylylene glycol and bis(ether nitrile)s

BACKGROUND: Poly(ether amide)s have been well studied in terms of improving the physical and thermal properties of aromatic polyamides. Poly(ether amide)s of high enough molecular weight to be useful for industrial purposes are generally difficult to prepare. The objective of this project was to introduce a simple and commercially feasible process to prepare poly(ether amide)s by a polymerization reaction at relatively low temperature. RESULTS: A series of poly(ether amide)s were prepared by direct polyamidation of p‐xylylene glycol with bis(ether nitrile)s via the Ritter reaction using concentrated H₂SO₄ in acetic acid. The synthesized poly(ether amide)s showed good solubility in polar aprotic solvents. The resultant poly(ether amide)s had inherent viscosities in the range 0.36–1.03 dL g^?1. The glass transition temperatures of the poly(ether amide)s were determined using differential scanning calorimetry to be in the range 190–258 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis data for these polymers indicated the 10% weight loss temperatures to be in the range 290–390 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. CONCLUSION: The Ritter reaction was applied for the synthesis of a variety of poly(ether amide)s with moderate to high molecular weights. This procedure provides a simple polymerization process for the convenient preparation of poly(ether amide)s in high yield at room temperature. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of the compatibilizer on the physical properties of biaxially deformed in situ composites

The effect of a compatibilizer (poly(ester imide), PE^sI) on the biaxial deformation of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP, poly(ester amide)) in a poly(ether imide) and the properties of biaxially deformed in situ composites were studied. The compatibilizer improved dispersion of the TLCP and the adhesion between TLCP and the matrix. The properties of blown films were affected by the amount of the compatibilizer used. The morphology evidently shows that ca. 0.6 wt% PEsI provides the best morphology when 10 wt% VB phase is included. The mechanical properties, especially in the hoop direction, were significantly improved for the compatibilized films compared to uncompatibilized one. The impact strength of a compatibilized blend film with 0.6 wt% PEsI was almost twice that of an uncompatibilized blend film.     

Poly(ether amide) segmented block copolymers with adipic acid based tetraamide segments

Poly(tetramethylene oxide)‐based poly(ether ester amide)s with monodisperse tetraamide segments were synthesized. The tetraamide segment was based on adipic acid, terephthalic acid, and hexamethylenediamine. The synthesis method of the copolymers and the influence of the tetraamide concentration, which was varied between 3 and 44 wt %, were studied. The copolymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and temperature‐dependent Fourier transform infrared, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The monodisperse tetraamide segments crystallized fast, forming crystalline ribbons with high aspect ratios, and the crystallinity of the tetraamide segments in the copolymers was typically 90%. The glass‐transition temperature of the poly(tetramethylene oxide) phase was low (?65 to ?70°C), and the modulus in the plateau region of the copolymers was virtually temperature‐independent. With increasing content of crystallizable amide segments in the copolymer, the storage modulus at room temperature increased from 1 to 102 MPa. This strong increase in the modulus with the tetraamide content could be approximated with a model for fiber‐reinforced polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

含锌聚醚酯酰胺的热性能研究

以氧化锌、脂肪族二羧酸、聚乙二醇为原料合成含锌聚醚酯(PEEM),再将PEEM与聚己内酰胺低聚合物反应,制备含锌聚醚酯酰胺(PEEAM),借助差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重(TG)分析,研究了PEEAM的热性能。结果表明:PEEAM呈双熔融和双结晶峰,随PEEM含量增加,PEEAM中PEEM链段的熔融温度降低,熔融热焓增大,聚酰胺链段的熔融温度略有下降,结晶放热和结晶温度随PEEM含量变化有最小值;PEEAM中含脂肪族二羧酸种类不同,其相应的熔融温度、熔融热焓、结晶温度及结晶放热不同,没有明显规律可循。脂肪族二羧酸种类对PEEAM的初始降解温度和最大质量损失温度没有明显影响。PEEM含量增大,PEEAM的热失重速率增大。     

Influence of polydispersity of crystallizable segments on the properties of segmented block copolymers

Poly(ether‐ester‐amide)s (PEEAs) based on poly(tetramethylene oxide) and tetra‐amide segments were synthesized by a solution/melt polymerization. The tetra‐amide segments (T6A6T) were based on adipic acid (A), terephthalic acid (T), and hexamethylene diamine (6), and were synthesized prior to the polymerization. Monodisperse tetra‐amide segments, i.e. T6A6T, as well as polydisperse segments, consisting of a mixture of uniform segments of diamide (T6T), tetra‐amide (T6A6T), and hexa‐amide (T6A6A6T), were utilized in the preparation of the PEEAs. In this way, a polydispersity index ranging from 1.0 to 1.09 could be obtained. In addition, a random copolymer, synthesized by a one‐pot polymerization, was also studied and the copolymer had a polydispersity of 1.2. The low polydispersity of the one‐pot synthesis amide segments was mainly due to the uneven reactivity of the terephthalic ester groups. The properties of copolymers were studied by DSC, FTIR, DMTA, compression set, and tensile set measurements. When the polydispersity of the amide segments was increased, the copolymers displayed a slower crystallization, a lower final crystallinity, a broader melting transition, a decreased storage modulus at room temperature, as well as a decreased yield strength and inferior elastic properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Evaluation of the dielectric properties of grease containing copolymers and ester

Poly(1-octadecene-co-maleic anhydride) bis behanate ester, poly(1-octadecene-co-maleic anhydride) bis stearate ester, and ethylene glycol bis stearate ester were prepared and their structures were confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Wax gel was prepared from base oil blend (base lube oil grade 260/290, transformer oil) and microcrystalline wax in ratio 2.3 : 1, respectively, in the presence of antioxidant and anticorrosion additives in ratio of 0.1–2%. Atactic polypropylene was added in mixture with the above copolymers and ester to the wax gel in different proportions. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and volume resistivity at frequency range of 1–10³ kHz 35°C have shown better results than that of wax gel alone. The grease which includes poly(1-octadecene-co-maleic anhydride) bis behanate ester in mixture with atactic polypropylene recorded the best results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Yttria–polystyrene–polypropylene composite for fine dyeable fibers

Fine polypropylene fiber has many excellent properties, but it is difficult to dye because of the absence of dye sites in the molecular chain and high crystallinity. Fine polypropylene/hybrid polystyrene (yttria) fiber melt‐spun from blends of polypropylene and a small amount of nanohybrid polystyrene with modified yttria incorporated was prepared to improve the dyeing properties. The dyeability, orientation, degree of crystallinity, phase morphology, and mechanical properties of pure polypropylene and the blend fibers were investigated. It was found that the crystallinity and morphology of these phases in the blend systems were different. With the existence of nanohybrid polystyrene, the fine modified polypropylene filaments had practical mechanical properties, the amorphous region of the polypropylene/hybrid polystyrene (yttria) fiber increased, and the modified polypropylene fiber dyed easily and had good fastness to soaping because of the complexation of the disperse dye and yttrium in the blend system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008