福建武平膨润土结构及性能的研究

通过X射线衍射分析,CEC测试,以及胶质价,pH值,吸蓝量,膨胀倍,比表面积等的测试实验,我们可以确定福建武平膨润土的主要矿物组成和其理化性能,武平膨润土为铝(氢)基膨润土,适合制备活性白土。     

辽西膨润土提纯及活性白土制备研究

本文以辽西地区膨润土为原料,进行提纯实验,并采用干法制备活性白土.通过对原土的基本性能测试、结构分析以及实验结果分析,初步确定其制备活性白土的工艺技术路线.     

膨润土pH值测定的不确定度评定

文章通过对膨润土pH值测定的不确定度进行分析,建立不确定度的数学模型,找出不确定度的来源,并对各个分量进行分析,评定了合成标准不确定度,为膨润土性能指标测定提供了依据和参考。     

恩斯林装置的改进及吸水率影响因素分析

吸水率是球团用膨润土的重要指标,直接影响造球效应和生球质量的稳定。研究表明,恩斯林装置中市售毛细管内径的差别,对膨润土吸水率的测定带来较大的误差。测定方法参照《非金属矿物化性能测试规程》。对恩斯林装置进行改进,使用2 ml的移液管代替毛细管,测试体积直读;并对试验装置进行固定、水平检测,试验条件进行优化,并分析了影响膨润土吸水率的几个因素。实验测试可以达到准确、简便检测的目的。     

改性膨润土吸附脱色糖蜜酒精废液的研究

采用XRD、FTIR技术分析了改性膨润土的结构,考察了钠化膨润土、有机膨润土吸附脱色处理糖蜜酒精废液的影响因素,确定了适宜的处理条件。实验结果表明,有机膨润土对糖蜜酒精废液的脱色率比钠化膨润土高,可达到89.6%,而钠化膨润土对糖蜜酒精废液的脱色率仅有41.3%。有机膨润土对糖蜜酒精废液的脱色处理工艺条件为:有机膨润土投加量为5g(100mL)-1,处理体系pH值为9,吸附温度为70℃,吸附时间为60min。     

膨润土改性产品性能的分析检测

对膨润土改性产品性能的分析检测方法进行了较为系统的归纳和总结，介绍了膨润土主要改性产品的技术要求及其主要质量指标的测试，为膨润土矿的开发利用和膨润土深加工产品技术性能的评价提供了依据。     

Na基膨润土纳米层间有机改性研究

研究十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(TTAB)、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTMAB)等不同碳链长度的季铵盐对所制备的有机膨润土(001)面层间距的影响,同时研究CTMAB不同掺量对所制备的有机膨润土(001)面层间距的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)、红外光谱(IR)等测试手段对有机改性膨润土进行结构和性能的表征.实验结果表明,季铵盐碳链长度的增加和掺量的增大都可以使得膨润土(001)面层间距增大,确定了有机改性剂的最佳掺量和碳链长度.制备的有机膨润土由于其层间较长的烷基链的存在,完成了膨润土的层间由亲水性向亲油性的转变,为有机膨润土在相变储能建筑材料、油漆、涂料等领域的应用奠定了基础.     

中低品位膨润土的有机化及在泥浆中的应用

以新疆乌兰陵格产中低品位钠基膨润土为原料,用十六烷基三甲基铵盐(氯化物D1631和溴化物CTAB)作插层剂,制备有机膨润土。通过实验确定了制备有机膨润土的季铵盐加入量是85～90mmol/100g土。用红外(FTIR)、X-衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了有机土结构。FTIR谱显示有机插层剂已进入膨润土的层间,XRD特征峰位移表明膨润土的层间距由1.23nm增加到3.26nm。SEM观察到有机土形貌显著改变,颗粒松散。结果表明膨润土的层间距增大,粒层厚度约为72nm左右。测试了有机膨润土的钻井油基泥浆性能,结果表明,其塑性粘度为7.0mPa·s,表观粘度为8.5mPa·s,动切力为1.5Pa,滤失量40.0mL,均已达到钻井液用有机土的质量指标要求。     

弱酸性蓝GR在羟基铁柱撑膨润土上的吸附研究

用无机大分子羟基铁离子对浙江天然膨润目进行柱撑,研究表明羟基铁子交换制得的柱撑膨润土具有很好的吸附能力（好于单纯钠有机化膨润土）;并研究了各测试条件的改变对弱酸性深蓝GR在改性膨润土的吸附去除率影响;测试了各种改性膨润土的等温吸附线。     

膨润土锂化工艺研究

通过对膨润土锂化改性及其过程各主要因素的讨论．得出锂基膨润土制备的最佳工艺。并对在最佳条件下制得的改性膨润土进行了物化性能测试和分散性实验．结果表明．改性膨润土的分散性、悬浮性、吸附性均得到很大的提高。     

多孔碳柱撑膨润土的制备与表征

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和苄基三甲基氯化铵改性膨润土制备了多孔碳柱撑膨润土.用Fourier变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和氮气吸附-脱附、热分析系统地研究了有机改性剂对多孔材料性能的影响.结果表明:膨润土微粒与有机改性剂以共价键和离子嵌入2种形式结合;多孔碳柱撑膨润土的微观形貌呈针片状,最可几孔径分布大约在1.7nm;多孔材料的主要结构是由碳化的大粒子柱撑而构建的二维孔径,烧结后的有机黏土热稳定性大大提高.     

膨润土作黏结剂制备型煤的研究

以膨润土为黏结剂,采用冷压成型制备出型煤,主要研究了膨润土含量、水分、成型压力和粉煤粒度对型煤抗压强度的影响.结果表明:型煤抗压强度、灰分均与膨润土含量成正比,并得出其线性方程,可根据其工艺需要确定膨润土加入量,计算产品的灰分.水分控制在14％～16％,成型压力为40 kN,膨润土含量为7％时,可制备出平均抗压强度为1420 N/个,灰分为11.7％的型煤.     

THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ADDITION AGENTS AND TREATMENTS ON THE GREEN STRENGTH OF MISSOURI REFRACTORY CLAYS1

Tests were made with the plastic and semiflint fire clays of north central Missouri and the burley diaspore of south central Missouri. Aging plastic fire clay ten days produces about a 38% increase in modulus of rupture. Na₂CO₃ treatment produces about a 50% increase. Tannic acid which flocculates the colloids improved the modulus a good deal; an acid treatment after an alkali treatment, however, produced no added effect of importance. The effect of developing bacterial growth was marked, especially if aged for a considerable time. The addition of bentonite Collotone R increased the modulus almost 3 times. The maximum is reached with about 8% bentonite. The additive effect of dextrine in combination with bentonite is positive but of negligible consequence. Tennessee ball clay is without important positive effect in amounts up to 8%. Sodium silicate additions up to 8% gave negative results. With as little as 4% bentonite the modulus of rupture of flint clay is tripled. Aging of flint clay has an important positive effect. Effect of the bentonite can be obtained in the dry-press, stiff-mud, or soft-mud bodies, but it is greatest in the stiff-mud. Burley clay is less self-bonding than the flint and the effect of the bentonite was more marked even than in the case of flint. Four per cent bentonite increased the modulus of rupture to about 4 1/2 times its original modulus of rupture. The modulus of rupture of flintclay-bentonite mixtures might approach that of plastic fireclay-bentonite mixtures at high contents of bentonite, leading to the indication that in the case of these two clays the total colloidal content is the determining factor. With 3% bentonite the modulus of rupture of the flint is made equal to that of the plastic and straight, a result applicable to problems where the dissolving out of the bonding material in the refractory is a determining factor in service. The P.C.E. of the plastic fire clay drops 1 cone for 3% and 2 cones for 6% of bentonite addition.     

EFFECT OF EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS ON HYDROPHILIC NATURE OF KAOLIN AND BENTONITE*

The affinity for water of a kaolinite-type clay (kaolin) and a montmorillonite-type clay (bentonite), saturated with hydrogen, calcium, sodium, and potassium, was studied by three methods, namely, heat of wetting as determined by calorimetric measurements, sorption of water from the vapor phase by weighing, and desorption or removal of water by differential-thermal analysis. It was shown that hydrogen and calcium clays had a greater affinity for water than sodium and potassium clays. Although the bentonite evolved more heat and sorbed more water per gram of clay, it evolved less heat and sorbed less water per milliequivalent of exchangeable cation than did the kaolin; the differences in the effects of various cations were more pronounced in bentonite than in kaolin. The results may be explained as follows from considerations of the mineral structures: (1) A greater amount of water hydrates the surface of kaolinite in proportion to that hydrating the exchangeable cations than is the case in montmorillonite and (2) the exchangeable cations may be hydrated to a greater degree (i.e., less strongly held) on kaolinite than on montmorillonite.     

膨润土增稠流变剂的特性与应用

膨润土增稠流变剂具有流变性能稳定、适用范围广、价格低廉等特点。阐述丁该类流变剂的结构、特性及其作用机理。介绍了有机膨润土在溶剂型漆和乳胶漆中的使用方法及应用实例。     

改性膨润土在丁苯橡胶中的应用

改性膨润土吸附有机物后，晶胞中的部分基团发生了变化，但蒙脱石的晶胞形状没有改变。随着丁苯橡胶中改性膨润土粒径的减小，丁苯橡胶硫化胶的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、３００％定伸应力、撕裂强度都有所增加，硬度下降。其填充效果比碳酸钙的效果好。     

改性膨润土在橡胶中应用

讨论了改性膨润土对丁苯胶和天然胶硫化胶的力学性能影响，并同活性碳酸钙和活性陶土进行了比较，还用哈克流交仪研究了改性膨润土同丁苯胶的混合性能及改性膨润土对丁苯胶和天然胶硫化的焦烧时间的影响。     

低阶烟煤制取型煤的成型机理研究

选用水玻璃、膨润土和赤泥三种无机黏结剂,分别以四种不同的掺入量和低阶烟煤粉煤混合制取型煤.对型煤样品进行抗压强度的测定表明,型煤抗压强度随黏结剂掺比增大而增大,其中以膨润土为黏结剂的型煤强度远高于以水玻璃和赤泥为黏结剂的型煤强度,进一步的型煤微观结构电镜分析也证实了以膨润土为黏结剂的型煤其黏结性能相对最好,电镜切片表明,膨润土以朵状凝胶体楔入煤粒孔隙中并在煤粒表面形成整体网状结构.由于低阶烟煤自身的性质,以其制取的型煤往往对成型压力比较敏感,实验表明型煤的冷强度随成型压力的增大先增大后减小,存在一个最优成型压力.     

建筑涂料用膨润土的探讨

概述了膨润土的特性及其在建筑涂料中的作用。提出建筑涂料中采用膨润土是降低涂料成本和改善涂料性能的有效措施之一。为了提高涂料用膨润土的质量，对膨润土资源的开发、利用等提出建议