同位素稀释质谱用子化学计量溯源性的探索与研究

自从六十年代国际上实现了物理量量值的溯源,由此为化学计量的溯源提供了物理基础与实践经验。由子化学测量及化学成份量的多样性与复杂性,目前实现化学计量溯源还面临着一些理论与实践问题。建立国际化学成份量的溯源体系（该体系包括组织严密的机构和网络,传递有效的基、标准物质和可靠的分析方法。）实现化学成份量的溯源是摆在世界各国科学工作者面前有待研究开拓解决的跨世纪课题。１９９３年国际计量委员会（ＣＩＰＭ）化学计量工作组（ＷＧｏｎＭｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｙｉｎＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ）首先组织了同位素稀释质谱（ＩＤＭＳ）国…     

浅析颗粒度计量油相颗粒标准物质

颗粒度计量油相颗粒标准物质保证颗粒度领域的量值溯源与传递。本文结合国内外颗粒度计量油相标准物质发展与应用,详细分析了我国颗粒度计量油相标准物质组成、分类、研制和应用,说明现有的种类与颗粒度计量领域目前的技术发展状况基本相适应,满足颗粒度领域的计量量值传递体系的服务需求,利于颗粒度领域的计量管理和量值统一。     

同位素标准物质量值不确定度的表达

〕本文给出了同位素标准物质研制中不确定度的表达公式,讨论了原料富集情况、质谱测量、同位素标准物质预期丰度等因素的影响,并对所述方法进行了应用举例     

标准物质的管理与量值溯源

标准物质是实行法制管理的计量标准。本文重点介绍了我国标准物质的分级、编号、分类及管理；并详细阐述了我国标准物质溯源体系和定值，测量结果的溯源性。     

中国计量科技国际地位日益提高

计量科学是一门测量科学。在现代化建设中，计量科学是准确测量的基础。利用现代化的科学技术和成果研究建立新型的计量基准、标准装置和标准物质，开展前沿计量科学技术研究，特别是以量子理论为基础的现代化计量科学研究是中国计量科学研究院科研发展的方向。     

热电离质谱计信号放大器非线性校正技术

从理论上研究了热电离质谱计法拉第杯接收器放大器的非线性效应,建立了校正的数学模型。应用该模型,可以用一种同位素标准物质直接检验法拉第接收器放大器的非线性,而不用常规的系列同位素标准物质来检验放大器非线性。应用UTB-500铀同位素标准物质、峰跳扫描质谱测量技术,检验了一台热电离质谱计法拉第接收器放大器的非线性,并对存在的非线性进行了校正。同时,验证了在同位素丰度比值一定的情况下,非线性校正因子是恒定的,它不随离子流信号强度的变化而变化。     

超精密测量是支撑光刻机技术发展的基石

光刻机是尖端装备的珠穆朗玛峰。超精密测量是支撑光刻机产品研发与制造,保证光刻机产品制造精度等级与质量水平的基石。本文综述了光刻机产业的特点与发展趋势。在此基础上,从零部件、分系统、整机集成、整机性能层面阐述了超精密测量对光刻机技术发展的支撑作用。分析了光刻机产品精密能力提升的途径和超精密光刻机产业测量体系建立的必要性,包括管控超精密光刻机产品制造质量的工业测量体系和管控光刻机产品工业测量体系量值准确可靠的计量体系。提出了建设光刻机产业计量测试中心的必要性。     

百年公司牵手权威院所、共促中国纳米技术发展

2006年5月9日下午在北京顺义天竺空港工业区约翰内斯·海德汉博士(中国)有限公司举行了向中国计量科学技术研究院赠送标准光栅尺仪式。在仪式上海德汉总部市场总监布拉许博士、中国计量院童光球院长、机械联合会科技部李冬茹主任和计量院长度所高思田所长分别致词。微机械和纳米技术作为新兴的高科技是很多国家科技发展的重点。我国在第十一个五年规划中明确将发展微机械和纳米技术作为重要发展目标。要发展微机械和纳米应用技术,必须有高水平的纳米测量技术和准确的纳米计量标准作为保证。中国计量科学研究院成立于1955年,是中国最高的计量科学研究中心和法定计量技术机构,是保证国家计量单位量值统一和确保我国计量单位量值与国际一致的最高技术机构。该院作为国际知名的计量研究机构,具有权威声望。中国计量科学研究院十分重视纳米计量标准的研究,并积极开展和参与国际间的研究与合作,取得了令人瞩目的成就。在2000-2003年间,该院代表中国参加了由国际纳米计量技术论坛(WGDM)组织的NAN03纳米计量比对,并圆满完成了所分担的测量任务,验证了我国纳米测量的现有水平。海德汉公司——有着一百多年历史的德国公司,一直专著于光栅检测产品的研发与制造,在业内处于领先的地位。该公司作为全球领先的长度和角度计量与测量产品生产厂,拥有第一流的研发和生产条件。其生产的纳米精度级的产品已经在电子、舫     

电子电气计量检测仪器维护与发展探讨

在简单介绍电子电气计量检测仪器使用功能及国内研发工作实际状况的基础上,对其实际应用过程中维护工作涉及的主要内容、需要注意的问题进行了分析和讨论,并对电子电气计量检测技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

同位素稀释质谱法测定酸雨标准物质中微量钾和镁

本文叙述了同位素稀释质谱法（ＩＤＭＳ）测量微量钾和镁的方法，并用该法对酸雨标准物质中含量在１０－８～１０－７量级的钾和镁进行了测定，同时对如何减小污染、降低空白、提高测量精度等问题进行了研究。     

非传统同位素体系计量标准研究

A new generation of multi-collector isotope ratio mass spectrometers is now capable of measuring isotope ratios with extremely high precision for non-traditional isotope system. As a result, the application of non-traditional isotope system on geology, environmental science, oceanography, medicine and other fields is developing rapidly. However, as there is still lack of the related isotope primary/ standard reference in metrology, it causes a key problem in terms of how to obtain reliability and comparability of measurement results for non-traditional isotopes applied research. Therefore, Researching, developing and promoting the use of accurate and reliable isotope CRMs are a key element for underpinning a good application of non-traditional isotope system. This article reviews the main problems of the isotope measurement, R & D status and development trend related to the non-traditional isotopes. The emphasis is on raising the understanding for the importance of R & D and use the relative metrology standards, promoting the well development of isotopic metrology standards and insuring the fully playing the role of its measurement traceability.     

Design of an analytic-hierarchy-process-based expert system for non-traditional machining process selection

The selection of a non-traditional machining (NTM) process is often observed to be a multi-criteria decision-making problem with conflicting and diverse objectives. This paper presents a systematic methodology for selecting the best or optimal non-traditional machining process under constrained material and machining conditions. The paper also includes the design of an analytic-hierarchy-process-based expert system with a graphical user interface to ease the decision-making process. The developed expert system relies on the priority values for different criteria and sub-criteria, as related to a specific non-traditional machining process selection problem. It also depends on the logic table to discover the non-traditional machining processes that lie in the acceptability zone, and then selects the optimal process having the highest acceptability index value. The proposed expert system can automate the selection of a non-traditional machining process and provide artificial intelligence in the multi-criteria decision-making process.     

Research on the design of non-traditional dynamic vibration absorber for damped structures under ground motion

An analytical approach is presented to investigate the optimal problem of non-traditional type of Dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) for damped primary structures subjected to ground motion. Different from the standard configuration, the non-traditional DVA contains a linear viscous damper connecting the absorber mass directly to the ground instead of the main mass. There have been many studies on the design of the non-traditional DVA for undamped primary structures. Those studies have shown that the non-traditional DVA produces better performance than the standard DVA does. When damping is present at the primary system, there are very few works on the non-traditional dynamic vibration absorber. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the design of non-traditional DVA for damped structures under ground motion. We propose a simple method to determine the approximate analytical solutions of the nontraditional DVA when the damped primary structure is subjected to ground motion. The main idea of the study is based on the criterion of the equivalent linearization method to replace approximately the original damped structure by an equivalent undamped one. Then the approximate analytical solution of the DVA’s parameters is given by using known results for the undamped structure obtained. Comparisons have been done to validate the effectiveness of the obtained results.     

Genetic-algorithm-based optimal tolerance allocation using a least-cost model

Conventional tolerance analysis is tedious and time consuming, which makes engineers resist doing it. Complex assembly problems are generally beyond the capabilities of most design and manufacturing engineers. In this paper, genetic algorithm, a kind of non-traditional optimization technique is used as the basic foundation for optimal tolerance allocation to help design and manufacturing engineers to overcome the shortcomings in the conventional tolerance stack analysis and allocation system.     

磨料水射流加工技术的研究现状

磨料水射流加工是一种新型的特种加工方法，由于它具有无热影响、加工力小、多功能等优点，已越来越多地应用于一些难加工材料的切削加工中。文中综述了磨料水射流的切割性能、切割机理、切割模型的建立以及提高加工表面质量的方法。最后综述了磨料水射流在车削、铣削和钻削中的应用。     

工程陶瓷的加工技术

主要介绍了国内外工程陶瓷材料特种加工技术如电火花加工、激光加工、高速往复磨削、复合磨削、振动钻孔、超声波微孔等6项加工技术，以及3项常规加工新技术的开发及应用近况。     

保证安全，保护环境，促进特种加工技术的持续发展

综述了特种加工,如电火花加工,电解加工,激光加工等加工过程中可能产生的有害有毒气体,废弃物,电磁辐射等危害因素,并列举了相应的防治措施,对电气安全,防火防焊等极为重要的安全生产问题,进行了专门论述,提出了预防措施,对保护环境,保证安全生产有一定的指导作用。     

特殊双转台结构五轴联动加工中心后置处理算法研究

针对非传统笛卡尔坐标系统的特殊双转台结构五轴联动加工中心,通过研究机床结构及其后置处理算法,推导出转台运动角度计算和直线坐标变换公式,开发了其后置处理器并集成到UG软件中,利用DMU 70eV五轴联动加工中心进行了复杂工件加工实验,验证了该算法正确性,实现了复杂零件产品的CAD/CAM一体化无图纸设计与制造.     

Analysis,fabrication, and field test of an advanced embedded throwing electromechanical sensing system

Scientific measuring equipment is important in maintaining and further improving the daily training quality of professional athletes. In throwing sports, only kinematic information is usually recorded by several high-speed cameras, whereas the dynamic data are lacking. An advanced embedded throwing system is analyzed, fabricated, and field tested. This throwing system can be used to substitute the normal shot-put that obtains acceleration information from the upper limb when force is applied onto the device. This device has four main parts, namely, a mechanical shell, an embedded sensor, a signal processing circuit, and interface ports. The detailed design, simulation, and prototyping process are introduced in this work. The practical results obtained from the field test and feedback from users prove that the proposed throwing system is efficient for technical training and monitoring. This design provides a unique solution for the modeling and development of non-traditional, electro-mechanical sensing devices.     

特定化合物同位素分析技术在海洋食物网研究中的应用

海洋食物网研究是海洋生态系统研究中的重要部分。特定化合物同位素分析(CSIA)技术是一项研究海洋食物网的新技术，较测定总有机物的稳定同位素技术，为海洋食物网研究提供了更为深入和丰富的信息。通过脂肪酸、氨基酸等分子的稳定同位素特征，可以更细致更准确地了解食物网的营养结构、物质和能量的传递过程。该技术在海洋食物网研究中，特别是在海洋热液系统食物网研究之中表现出广泛的适用性。虽然特定化合物同位素分析技术仍有一些局限性有待改进，但在海洋食物网研究的应用中已经显示出很大的发展潜力。