五道库水电站水文自动测报系统方案设计

五道库水电站水文自动测报系统控制面积650.0 km2,根据水文自动测报站网布设原则,五道库水电站设置中心站1处、入库站1处、出库站1处、遥测雨量站6处和坝上水位站1处。根据五道库水电站水文自动测报站点布设的实际情况,通过对超短波通信、有线通信、无线移动通信、卫星通信等4种通信方式的比选,拟选用北斗卫星通信系统作为五道库水电站水文自动测报系统的通信方式,并对五道库水电站水文自动测报系统方案进行总体设计。     

安徽池州市贵池区山洪监测预警系统站点布设及应用

山洪监测预警站点布设是山洪监测预警系统建设中一项重要的工作，根据站点布设原则，确定数量和位置，并使站网密度恰当，分布合理。池州市贵池区按照当地雨洪特点、现有站网、人文条件等综合确定雨情、水情、预警等站点布设，系统在2012年和2013年台风防御过程中发挥了很好的作用。     

生态文明的守护者 都市水文的排头兵

北京市水文总站于1963年成立,主要负责北京市水文行业管理,组织与指导开展北京市水文、水资源和水环境的监测、分析评价及预测预报工作,发布各类雨水情、水资源及水环境信息,开展水文科学研究工作,提供水文专业技术咨询服务,为防汛抗旱、水资源管理、水环境治理和水生态保护与修复提供技术支撑. ●水文概况 截至2016年底,在北京市共布设各类水文站点1 760个.其中,水文站102个、雨量站177个、水质监测站点565个、地下水位监测站点885个及水生态监测站点31个,每年可提供水文水资源基础数据约300万组.     

2005年珠江压成补淡应急调水水文测验技术分析

为保障2005年珠江压成补淡应急调水顺利进行而开展的应急调水水文测验和成潮监测工作，及时向调水指挥部提供大量的水情、成情信息，为研究珠三角网河区枯水期水文情势、成潮上溯规律积累了大量宝贵的资料。简述本次水文测验和成潮监测实施概况，并从水文站点布设、测验方法、测报时机和技术装备方面，以及对存在的问题进行粗浅分析，以期能为今后开展相关工作提供借鉴。     

池潭水电厂水情自动测报系统建设

通过对池潭水电厂水情自动测报系统建设过程的介绍，阐述了水情自动测报系统的工作原理、站点布设、通信方式、软硬件结构及主要功能特点。对系统中继站的不可靠和遥测站点分布的不合理等问题提出了解决方法，对该系统进行了扩容改造和相应的软件功能扩充，同时对特色软件的功能实现及其设计思想进行了讨论。使经过改造后的测报系统功能更加完善，能够更好地为水库的水文预报和科学调度服务。     

伊春地区水文自动测报系统布设分析

根据伊春地区各流域实际情况,按照水文自动测报系统规范的要求,对该地区各水系河流的自动测报水雨情站点布设方式和测报设备选定、安装要求进行了设计分析.     

三峡工程建设动态

三峡库区水文测报系统基本建成　　三峡水库蓄水在即 ,长江水利委员会三峡水文局等单位积极参与库区水文站网建设 ,三峡库区已形成较完整的水文测报系统。三峡开发总公司投资 40 0 0多万元建设的三峡水文测报站网 ,由 90个水文 (位 )站组成 ,经过精心选址布设的水文站点 ,遍布三峡库区、坝区和两坝间。其中 ,长江委有 69个测报站经过改造后纳入了三峡梯调水文测报站网 ,形成了较完整的水文测报系统。此外 ,三峡水文局还负责整个站网的土建设计 ,并承担了2 3个测报站的改造、建设任务 ,整个三峡水文站网 5月底前将全部投入运行。 (长江 )白鹤…     

清江流域遥测和报汛站网雨量数据对比分析

清江水电开发有限责任公司在清江流域布设有水情自动测报系统,又对地方水文部门进行了委托报汛,两套报汛系统站点分布不完全重合,其面雨量数据存在差异。对两套报汛系统的面雨量数据进行了统计对比,找出差异所在,分析造成差异的原因,对站网布设提出了调整建议。     

秦岭北麓部分区域的水文相似性初步分区

以秦岭北麓的部分区域为研究对象,共收集了涝峪口、秦渡镇、大峪、罗李村和马渡王共5个水文站的降雨径流资料和下垫面资料,通过模糊聚类分析进行水文分区研究。根据反映区域水文特性的因子将这5个站点划为3个子区,并通过对分区结果进行分析和一致性检验,确保分区的合理性。最终,凭借分区结果计算各子区的水文特征值,为解决秦岭北麓该地区水文资料短缺河流的资料移用问题提供依据,同时也为陕西省区域代表水文站网的合理布设、规划和调整提供科学依据。     

莲花水电站水情自动测报系统

莲花水电站水情自动测报系统是对莲花水电工程的具体要求而设计实施的。系统覆盖镜泊湖￣莲花区间流域面积１８４００ｋｍ＾２，在满足预报方案对水情信息要求的基础上，共布设２０个雨量站，并由２２个遥测站、６个中继站和１个中心站构成二级中继通信网络，线路储备达１０ｄｂ以上。根据流域的暴雨洪水特性，分别利用现有的水文资料，配置了三水源新安江流域模型、降雨径流预报方案以及河道相应流量预报方案。系统在１９９７年运行     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。