变精度粗糙集模型及其应用研究

介绍了广义粗糙集模型和Ziarko变精度粗糙集模型,找出了它们的不足;借助引入的误差参数β(0≤β<0.5),给出了基于后继邻域的一般二元关系下变精度粗糙集模型的β上近似、β下近似、3边界和β负域的定义以及β近似质量和β粗糙性测度定义;详细讨论了β上、下近似算子的性质、该模型与其他粗糙集模型的关系以及一般二元关系下两种变精度粗糙集模型的关系;最后,举例说明了该模型在信息处理中的应用。     

变精度覆盖粗糙集模型的比较

介绍覆盖粗糙集和Ziarko变精度粗糙集模型,将Ziarko变精度粗糙近似算子应用于覆盖近似空间,借助引入的误差参数β (0 ≤β<0.5),给出2种变精度覆盖粗糙集模型的β上近似、β下近似、β边界和β负域的定义。讨论2种模型中β上、下近似算子的基本性质、2种模型之间的关系以及变精度覆盖粗糙集模型与其他粗糙集模型的关系。     

基于广义变精度粗糙模糊集模型的知识发现

介绍了广义Ziarko's变精度粗糙集模型和广义粗糙模糊集模型,找出了它们的不足.基于支集相对错误分类率及误差参数β(0≤β＜0.5),提出了广义变精度粗糙模糊集模型,讨论了模型中β上、下近似算子的性质;分析了该模型与广义Pawlak's粗糙集模型、广义Ziarko's变精度粗糙集模型和广义粗糙模糊集模型的关系;最后给出了该模型中近似约简的定义和方法,并通过实例分析说明了约简算法的有效性.     

变精度覆盖粗糙集模型的推广研究

基于多数包含关系及误差参数β（0≤β＜O．5）,提出了两种基于对象邻域的变精度覆盖粗糙集模型,讨论了模型中β上、下近似算子的性质;从对偶性角度出发推广了β上近似、β下近似算子apcβ（X）与^—apcβ（X）,得到了两对对偶的上、下近似算子apc′β（X）与^—apc′β（X）和apc″β（X）与^—apc″β（X）;研究了这些近似算子的性质及相互关系。     

变精度覆盖粗糙集

介绍了Ziarko变精度粗糙集模型和覆盖粗糙集模型;定义了多数包含关系;借助引入的误差参数β（0≤β<0.5）,给出了基于对象邻域的变精度覆盖粗糙集模型中β上近似、β下近似、β边界和β负域的定义以及β近似质量和β粗糙性测度定义;详细讨论了β上、下近似算子的性质、集合的相对可辨别性、该模型与Ziarko变精度粗糙集模型和覆盖粗糙集模型的关系;最后探讨了变精度覆盖粗糙集模型中的约简问题并在所给模型的基础上举例说明了它们在信息处理中的应用。     

变精度粗糙模糊集模型研究

介绍了Ziarko’s变精度粗糙集模型和粗糙模糊集模型,找出了它们的不足。基于支集相对错误分类率及误差参数β（0≤β<0.5）,提出了变精度粗糙模糊集模型,讨论了模型中β上、下近似算子的性质;分析了该模型与Ziarko’s变精度粗糙集模型和粗糙模糊集模型的关系;最后给出了该模型中近似约简的定义和方法,并通过实例分析说明了约简算法的有效性。     

变精度软粗糙集

从集合间的包含程度出发,构造了一种基于包含度的变精度软粗糙集模型。提出带参数的变精度近似算子的定义,得到了它的基本性质和定理,并给出了证明;定义了双精度软粗糙集的近似算子,研究了其性质;讨论了该模型与其他粗糙集模型的关系以及退化条件;举例说明了在信息处理中的应用。     

变精度相容粗糙集模型

将变精度粗糙集的思想引入相容粗糙集,提出了两种变精度相容粗糙集模型,在模型I中,目标概念的下近似和边界域的交集非空;在模型II中,目标概念的下近似和边界域的交集为空。研究了两种模型中上、下近似算子的基本性质、两种模型之间的关系,以及与其他粗糙集模型之间的关系。     

变精度粗糙集

本文定义了变精度粗糙集,从精度的取值情况分类讨论了其基本结构.对比一般粗糙集性质,研究了变精度粗糙集三个方面的性质:集合与其变精度近似集的关系、变精度近似算子的幂作用、变精度边界算子对粗糙集性质的修正.得出了若干具有理论和应用价值的结果,并从算子论和集合论的角度丰富了粗糙集理论.     

变精度下近似算子与程度上近似算子的逻辑与运算模型

基于精度与程度的逻辑与需求,提出了变精度下近似算子与程度上近似算子的逻辑与运算模型。在该模型中,得到了变精度下近似算子与程度上近似算子的逻辑与运算的精确描述与基本性质,提出了宏观算法与微观算法,进行了算法分析与比较,得到了微观算法更具空间优势的结论。最后用医疗实例对模型与算法进行了说明。变精度下近似算子与程度上近似算子的逻辑与运算模型,部分拓展了变精度粗糙集模型、程度粗糙集模型和经典粗糙集模型,并在这些模型中得到了近似算子的相应性质。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。