刚玉细粉加入量对MgO-MA质耐火材料性能的影响

为提高方镁石-镁铝尖晶石(MgO-MA)质耐火材料的性能,分别以质量分数为0、1. 6%、3. 2%、4. 8%、6. 4%、9. 6%、12. 8%和16%的刚玉细粉替代基质中的镁砂细粉,借助热力学软件Factsage计算了不同刚玉细粉加入量对应的尖晶石理论生成量,通过XRD和SEM对试样的物相组成及微观结构进行分析,研究了刚玉细粉加入量对MgO-MA质耐火材料力学性能、抗热震性能和抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:当刚玉细粉加入量(w)为3. 2%时,在渣与试样界面处生成了致密的尖晶石保护层,对试样的抗渣性能有所改善;同时尖晶石生成过程中产生的体积膨胀,在一定程度上改善了试样的抗热震性能。当刚玉细粉加入量超过3. 2%(w)时,生成较多的尖晶石,使得试样产生较大的体积膨胀,力学性能开始下降;当加入量超过9. 6%(w),经1 600℃热处理后的试样有明显开裂,试样整体性能下降明显。     

尖晶石不烧制品的组成、结构和力学性能

研究了全天然原料合成的矾土基尖晶石分别与电熔镁砂和亚白刚玉混合制备的不烧试样的组成、结构和力学性能;分析了试样经高温处理后基质和颗粒中的尖晶石相组成及化学成分的变化规律。     

加入SiC、SiAlON对刚玉-SiC-SiAlON材料组成、结构和力学性能的影响

以刚玉和8%Si粉为原料,1500℃埋碳烧后得刚玉-SiC-SiAlON复合材料.本文研究在加入8%Si粉基础上,另加入0～10%SiC或SiAlON粉对刚玉-SiC-SiAlON复合材料组成、结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:加入SiC或SiAlON首先可促进Si反应完全,生成更多非氧化物使试样微膨胀量增加,重量增加;同时使试样的显气孔率提高,常温抗折强度降低;加入SiC使试样的结构疏松,高温力学性能下降;但由于生成较多O-SiAlON以及气孔率提高使试样的抗热震性明显提高;加入SiAlON,试样中生成较多的SiC,并有粒状的β-SiAlON存在,可明显提高试样的高温力学性能.     

引入泡沫对含多孔基质的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

为了改善刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的抗热震性,以板状刚玉、烧结镁铝尖晶石、活性α-Al2O3微粉为主要原料,以铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,添加十二烷基苯环酸钠和水性高分子泡沫为造孔剂,制备了含多孔基质的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料。研究了泡沫加入量(2 kg的原料中分别加入0、100、150、200、250、300 mL泡沫)对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料1 550℃烧后试样的常温物理性能、抗渣渗透性能、抗热震性及显微结构的影响。结果表明:1)引入一定量的泡沫,耐火浇注料基质中可形成分布均匀、圆球形的单分散气孔,但当泡沫加入量为300 mL时,其基质部分的圆球形的单分散气孔减少,并且基质部分结构疏松;2)当泡沫加入量为0、100、150、200 mL时,对试样的抗渣性和常温物理性能无显著影响,但加入量为250、300 mL,会明显降低试样的抗渣性和力学性能;3)多孔基质结构有效地阻止了裂纹的生长,改变了裂纹的扩展方向,提高了其抗热震性。综合考虑刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的各项性能,泡沫的合适加入量为2 kg的原料中加入200 mL。     

粘土碳热还原氮化二步法制备β-Sialon结合刚玉复相材料

以天然粘土为原料 ,采用碳热还原氮化法合成了β Sialon粉体 ,再将它与刚玉复合 ,常压下烧结制备了β Sialon结合刚玉复相材料 ;研究了合成β Sialon粉体的反应过程和最佳工艺参数 ,在反应温度为 1 5 0 0℃ ,保温 6h ,碳的质量分数为2 0 % ,氮气流量为 1 .5L·min- 1 的工艺条件下 ,产物中的β Sialon可达 90 % (质量分数 )以上。测定了添加不同烧结助剂的 β Sialon结合刚玉复相材料的力学性能 ,并用SEM观察了其断口形貌 ,发现添加稀土氧化物La2 O3和Y2 O3的样品烧结相当致密 ,抗折强度分别为 1 72MPa和 2 0 1MPa。     

新一代β-Sialon复合MgAlON耐火材料抗渣及抗钢水性能

通过对β Sialon复合MgAlON材料的抗渣及抗钢水侵蚀性能的研究发现 ,该材料抗渣侵蚀性能较好 ,侵蚀机理为 β Sialon与MgAlON溶解于渣中并析出针状Sialon和近化学计量的镁铝尖晶石 ,同时渣向材料内部渗透。需要说明的是MgA lON在渣中的溶解低于β Sialon的溶解 ;钢水对试样的侵蚀程度较低。分析表明侵蚀过程主要是基质中β Sialon溶解 ,颗粒基本未变化 ,侵蚀后形成了薄薄的主要由尖晶石和Sialon及刚玉构成的反应层。     

外加剂对Sialon/SiC复合材料结构的影响

本文以α-Al2O3微粉、金属硅粉、金属铝粉、SiC颗粒制备了Sialon/SiC复合材料,研究了不同外加剂对Sialon/SiC材料结构的影响。结果表明：制备的Sialon-SiC复合材料样品显微结构以SiC为主晶相,Sialon为次晶相,还有少量Si3N4和Al2O3,Sialon相晶体呈长剑状;外加Si3N4试样Sialon相为板带状,外加粘土试样Sialon相晶体呈现不规则粒状和短柱状。     

硅粉加入量对刚玉-氮化硅复合材料力学性能的影响

以刚玉、氮化硅、粘土和硅粉为主要原料,在空气气氛下于1550℃保温3h烧成制得刚玉-氮化硅复合材料,研究了硅粉加入量(w)分别为0、4%、8%、12%时对试样常温物理性能、高温抗折强度的影响,并采用XRD、SEM、EDS等手段分析了试样的物相组成和显微结构。结果表明:在硅粉加入量<8%时,Si主要填充在烧成制品基质的空隙中;随着硅粉加入量的增加,制品致密化程度提高,常温强度增大,同时由于硅粉原位生成了纤维状赛隆而使制品的高温强度增大;但在硅粉加入量>8%时,Si可能构成连续相,又导致制品致密度下降和高温力学性能恶化。     

赛隆结合刚玉制品的制备实验分析

本实验对赛隆(Sialon)结合刚玉的制备工艺及性能进行了研究。通过采用烧结助剂,使赛隆(Sialon)结合刚玉材料可在1450℃的温度下氮化烧结,烧结体的密度可达3.18g/cm3,耐压强度大于200Mpa,常温至1600℃的热膨胀系数为6×101-6/K..XRD分析表明:制品的主要晶相为刚玉和β-Sialon,另外还有少量的O-Sialon和β-Si3N4.SEM结果显示,刚玉颗粒与基质中的β-Sialon之间结合牢固。     

β-Sialon-Al2 O3-SiC系复相材料的研制和性能

研究了在 15 0 0℃的流动氮气中 ,用Al粉、Si粉、Al2 O3粉、刚玉和SiC的颗粒及细粉直接制备 β Sialon -Al2 O3-SiC系复相材料的氮化烧结技术。XRD和SEM分析表明 ,结合相 β Sialon的显微形貌随刚玉量的增加由纤维状向棱柱状转变 ,发育良好。复相材料的高温抗折强度高于常温抗折强度。抗热震试验结果显示 :添加适量的刚玉对β Sialon -SiC复相材料和添加适量的SiC对β Sialon -刚玉 复相材料都具有良好的增韧效果 ,这是β Sialon的纤维增强及柱状晶体原位自补强增韧和复合弥散相增韧综合作用的结果。抗碱和抗高炉渣试验均显示了该复相材料优良的抗碱和抗铁渣侵蚀能力。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。