掺Al对ZnO薄膜结构和光电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在普通玻璃片上制备了ZnO∶Al薄膜。通过XRD、UV透射谱和电学测试等分析方法研究了掺Al对薄膜的组织结构和光电性能的影响。分析表明:所制备的薄膜具有c轴择优取向,随着掺Al浓度的增加,(002)峰向低角度移动,峰强逐渐减弱。薄膜电阻率随掺Al浓度变化,当掺Al浓度为1.5%(摩尔分数),薄膜电阻率降至6.2×10-4Ω·cm。掺Al量的增加同时使得薄膜的禁带宽度变大,光吸收边出现蓝移现象。     

Bi掺杂ZnO籽晶层生长纳米ZnO薄膜性能研究

采用溶胶 凝胶法制备得到不同浓度Bi3+掺杂ZnO籽晶层,又进一步采用水热法合成了六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO纳米棒。通过X线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、光致发光（PL）谱等测试手段对样品结构、形貌和光学性能进行测试和表征。结果表明,在不同浓度Bi掺杂ZnO籽晶层上生长纳米ZnO薄膜,ZnO的晶体结构没有改变,均为六方纤锌矿结构,且(002)晶面的峰强明显高于其他晶面的峰强值;在FESEM电镜观察下发现,不同掺杂浓度Bi掺杂ZnO籽晶层上水热生长的纳米ZnO薄膜均为纳米棒状。PL光谱显示随着Bi掺杂量增加,样品的近紫外发射峰和晶格缺陷峰等峰值明显增大,且有红移现象产生。其中禁带宽度随着Bi掺杂量的增大而减小,说明Bi3+可以有效地调节ZnO的禁带宽度。     

Al掺杂对ZnO薄膜形貌和光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法在FTO玻璃衬底上制备得到了不同Al掺杂浓度的ZnO薄膜(AZO)。利用XRD、FESEM、UV-vis和PL等测试手段对样品结构、形貌和光学性能进行了表征。结果表明,合成的AZO薄膜均为六方纤锌矿结构且峰强随掺杂浓度的升高而减弱;同时,颗粒形貌由不规则向规则球形转变且尺寸逐渐减小;PL谱中的近紫外发射峰和晶格缺陷峰值随掺杂浓度的升高先增大后降低;由UV-vis吸收光谱可知,AZO薄膜在设定波长内的光吸收处于波动状态,且当Al掺杂浓度为3%时,光吸收强度最高,禁带宽度减小到3.12eV。     

退火温度对ZnO薄膜结构和发光性能的影响

采用常压金属有机物化学气相淀积法在(0001)Al2O3衬底上生长出高质量ZnO单晶膜,在空气中进行了710～860℃不同温度的退火处理．用X射线双晶衍射、光致发光法研究了退火温度对ZnO薄膜的结构、发光性能的影响．ZnO（002）面X射线双晶ω扫描曲线的半高宽(FWHM) 随退火温度的升高变小,770℃后基本保持不变,ZnO（102）面双晶ω扫描曲线的FWHM一直变小．770℃退火后ZnO样品X射线ω-2θ扫描曲线中出现ZnO2（200）衍射峰．同时,光致发光测试表明,随着退火温度升高,带边发光强度减弱,与深能级有关的绿带发光出现并逐渐增强．通过ICP刻蚀,去除退火后样品的表面层,ω-2θ扫描曲线中ZnO2（200）衍射峰和PL谱中绿带发光均消失,表明ZnO2相和深能级缺陷在样品表面．     

退火对N离子注入ZnO:Al薄膜性能的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法在(0001)Al2O3衬底上制备了Al/Zn原子比为1%的ZnO:Al薄膜,将能量56keV、剂量1×1017ions/cm2的N离子注入到薄膜中.离子注入后,样品在500～900℃氮气气氛中退火,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光(PL)、透射谱和四探针研究了退火温度对薄膜性能的影响.结果显示,在800℃以下退火,随退火温度提高,薄膜结晶性能逐渐变好;在600℃以上退火,随退火温度提高,紫外近带边发光峰(NBE)和缺陷相关的深能级可见光发光带都逐渐增强;600℃退火时,样品的电阻率仅为83Ω·cm.     

Sn掺杂量对Sn-Al共掺ZnO薄膜光学性能的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法在玻璃和硅衬底上制备了不同Sn掺杂量的Sn-Al共掺的ZnO薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、光致发光谱(PL)等测试手段,对薄膜的结构、形貌和光学性能进行了表征。结果表明:所制备的样品晶粒均沿(002)方向择优生长,且随着Sn元素掺杂量的增加,择优取向性先增强后减弱,同时薄膜的半高宽先减小后增大,半高宽最小时,薄膜的结晶质量最好。与只掺Al元素的ZnO薄膜相比,共掺后的薄膜近紫外发光峰的强度明显降低,出现了轻微的蓝移,且在600 nm处的缺陷发光强度明显增强;随着Sn掺杂量的增加薄膜的透过率先增加后减小。与AZO薄膜相比,当Sn的掺杂量为0.020时,薄膜的结晶质量更好,缺陷发光更强,光透过率更高。     

Na/Mg共掺ZnO薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及特性研究北大核心CSCD

利用溶胶-凝胶旋转涂膜法在耐热玻璃衬底上制备了不同膜厚的Na/Mg共掺ZnO薄膜。重点研究了膜厚对Na/Mg共掺ZnO薄膜结构和光学特性的影响。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像和X射线衍射（XRD）图谱分析结果表明,膜厚为200~500 nm时,随着膜厚的增加,薄膜的结晶性、致密性及c轴择优取向生长特性都呈现出先增强后降低的趋势。透射光谱分析结果表明,薄膜在可见光范围内的平均透光率随着膜厚的增加而显著下降。实验条件下,膜厚约为300 nm的Na/Mg共掺ZnO薄膜具有优良的结构特性和透光特性。荧光光致发光（PL）谱表明该薄膜中缺陷很少,是优良的紫外发光材料。     

ZnO:LiCl/p-Si薄膜中的施主-受主发光

用溶胶凝胶法(sol-gel technique)在p-Si上制备LiCl:ZnO薄膜.试样分别进行O2-600℃,O2-900℃热退火处理.在77～325K温度范围内作电流-温度(I-T)和深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)测量.DLTS测量获得的两种试样中存在一个稳定的深能级中心.(I-T)测量证实这个深能级中心是与ZnO的本征缺陷相关的.室温PL谱测量得到两种试样存在较强的深能级发光,而紫外发光较弱.由实验结果推测,试样主要的深能级发光过程是电子从双离化Zni**施主能级向单离化V'zn受主能级的跃迁.在O2气氛退火作用下深能级的发光强度增强.     

氧分压对PLD法生长Si(111)基ZnO薄膜性能的影响

在不同氧分压下用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在n型硅(111)衬底上生长ZnO薄膜。通过对其进行XRD、傅里叶红外吸收(FTIR)和光致发光谱(PL)的测量,研究了氧分压对PLD法制备的ZnO薄膜的结晶质量和发光性质的影响。XRD显示,氧分压为6.50Pa时可以得到结晶质量最佳的ZnO薄膜。PL谱显示,当氧分压由0.13Pa上升至6.50Pa时,位于380nm附近的主发光峰的强度最大。当氧分压进一步上升至13.00Pa时,主发光峰减弱,与氧空位有关的发光峰消失,显示出ZnO薄膜的PL谱和氧分压的大小密切相关。     

衬底温度对ZnO:N薄膜结构和光学性能的影响

利用超声喷雾热解方法,以不同的沉积温度(450～510℃)在石英衬底上制备出具备较高光学质量的氮掺氧化锌(ZnO:N)薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)谱研究了薄膜的结构,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了薄膜的表面形貌,用紫外可见(UV)分光光度计、光致发光(PL)谱对薄膜的光学特性进行了测试分析。结果表明,所制备薄膜在可见波段具有较高透过率,并且沉积温度对ZnO:N薄膜的透过性能有很大影响。在衬底温度为500℃时得到的ZnO:N薄膜为六角纤锌矿结构,结晶质量最好、光透过率最高。PL谱的测试结果显示,在该条件制备的ZnO:N薄膜只在389.4nm处有一个较强的近带边紫外发光峰。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks