Effect of harmful elements on the coke ratio of blast furnace

The circulation and accumulation of harmful elements in the blast furnace leads to a decrease in gas utilisation and an increase in heat consumption, which can cause the increase of coke ratio. In this paper, the effect of harmful elements on the coke ratio was quantitatively studied using the Rist diagram. The results show that the effect degree of each harmful element on the coke ratio varies. The influence orders of accumulation times and loads of harmful elements on the coke ratio are Na?>?K>Zn and Zn?>?Na?>?K, respectively. The increase of heat consumption has more effect on the coke ratio than the decrease of gas utilisation. The total increase of coke ratio by the effect of K, Na and Zn is 14.2, 35.8 and 9.3?kg/tHM, respectively, of which the effect of heat consumption accounts for 55.9, 60.9, 60.9%, respectively.     

基于里斯特操作线解析有害元素对高炉焦比的影响

分析了有害元素在高炉内的循环行为,结合高炉实际生产参数,运用里斯特操作线进行计算,揭示了有害元素对焦比的影响规律,建立了焦比与有害元素入炉负荷和循环富集倍数之间的定量关系.计算结果表明:有害元素在高炉内"还原-氧化-再还原"的循环过程会将高温区的CO转移到低温区,降低煤气利用率,同时消耗了高温区大量热量,从而使焦比升高.不同有害元素的影响程度不同.有害元素循环富集倍数对焦比影响的强弱顺序为:Na > K > Zn,有害元素入炉负荷对焦比影响的强弱顺序为:Zn > Na > K.进一步的分析表明,Na、Zn对高炉焦比的影响大于K.但考虑到K对焦炭劣化的作用更明显,故要严格控制K、Na、Zn的入炉负荷.基于上述计算得到的定量关系,利用高炉不同有害元素入炉负荷以及焦比进行曲线拟合,预测高炉有害元素的循环富集倍数.曲线拟合结果与高炉解剖实验结果相吻合.      

包钢瓦斯灰中K、Na、Pb和Zn的去除

文章以包钢瓦斯灰为原料,通过配加氯化钙焙烧,将金属氧化物转化为水溶性的氯化物,从而将K、Na、Pb、Zn从原料中分离.热学分析表明,只要控制合理的工艺条件,瓦斯灰中K、Na、Pb、Zn的氧化物均可以被CaCl2氯化.在同一温度下,氯化反应完成的程度由大到小依次是K2O＞Na2O＞PbO＞ZnO;由氯化反应实验可知,在4...     

红钢炼铁工序有害元素平衡研究

对红钢炼铁工序中的有害元素来源、平衡及生产进行总结，并就各有害元素在高炉不同生产条件下的分配比率进行统计分析。表明在红钢条件下S、KNa、PbZn等有害元素负荷分别达到5．0kg／t、5．5kg／t、2．0kg／t，对产品质量、炉型、生产技术指标均产生了不良影响；采取了若干有针对性的治理措施后，各有害元素脱除率分别达到了85％、95％、85％以上，不但使高炉继续保持了一定水平的稳定生产，也做到了因地制宜合理利用本地化资源。     

Industrial Practice of BiPCI Process of Pulverized Coal Injection for Blast Furnace Ironmaking at SSAB

BiPCI technology of pulverized coal injection for blast furnace ironmaking was applied to No.2 Blast Furnace of SSAB Oxelösund in Sweden, and notable effectiveness of this BiPCI practice at SSAB has been achieved. The results show that if the tuyere injection rate of pulverized coal is kept nearly unchanged, (1) BiPCI can increase the overall coal rate and decrease the coke rate. When the second injection rate of pulverized coal attains 5 kg/tHM, the coke rate could be reduced by 5 kg/tHM; (2) BiPCI can increase the burden permeability, decrease the pressure drop of the furnace, and produce proper gas flow distribution, which is favourable to keep smooth running of the blast furnace and decrease the total reducing agent rate (RAR). During the test, the RAR showed a decrease by 2.8 kg/tHM (corrected RAR by 1.45 kg/tHM); (3) The pulverized coal through the second injection can be effectively used to protect the coke from fast degradation and improve the coke strength in the blast furnace, which is favourable to lower the high requirement on the coke quality under high coal rate operation.     

首钢矮胖高炉喷煤生产实践

１９９６年，首钢炼铁厂的平均焦比为４６６．６ｋｇ／ｔ，平均煤比为７９．６ｋｇ／ｔ，与上年相比，焦比降低了３２．６ｋｇ／ｔ，煤比提高了２８．９ｌｋｇ／ｔ。能取得了这个成绩，是由于采取了以下主要措施：做好精料工作，改造喷煤系统，探索矮胖高炉合理的操作制度、加强技术管理。     

钢铁粉尘与高氯飞灰协同脱除有害元素的试验

针对钢铁厂难处理粉尘有害元素含量高而制约其资源化利用的问题,以转炉泥为研究对象,通过卧式管炉模拟高温处理工艺生产条件,研究了转炉泥单独焙烧时有害元素的脱除特征,焙烧过程可脱除部分K、Na、Zn、Pb,但因氯低导致氯化挥发的脱除率低、焙烧温度高.针对此问题,将高氯垃圾飞灰配入转炉泥进行协同处置,以强化有害元素的脱除.研究...     

涟钢高炉有害元素的分布与控制

研究分析了K,Na,Pb,Zn,Cu,As,Sn等有害元素在涟钢高炉炉料及产品中的分布情况。以光学显微镜、荧光分析仪、扫描电镜等仪器研究了有害元素在烧结矿、球团矿、块矿、焦炭、生铁、炉渣中的分布形态及其在富集载体渣皮、耐火材料、死铁层中的分布情况。同时,对高炉主要原燃料及产品中有害元素与其他元素的相关性进行了分析,并提出了一些控制高炉有害元素危害的方法与原则。     

ZnO对焦炭与CO2反应的影响

摘要：锌作为有害元素,在高炉内循环富集给生产带来了一系列不利影响。采用醋酸锌水溶液浸泡法向焦炭中添加ZnO,研究了ZnO对焦炭与CO2反应的影响,采用3D光学数码显微镜对焦炭进行了微观观察,并对反应后焦炭表面形成物进行了XRD分析。结果表明,ZnO对焦炭与CO2反应有一定的催化作用,但焦炭表面的ZnO含量过高会降低其催化作用,其主要原因是ZnO和焦炭灰分中的SiO2很容易形成Zn2SiO4,并会在焦炭表面形成一层壳状物,堵塞焦炭气孔,阻碍焦炭与CO2的进一步反应。此外,锌蒸气较CO2更容易进入焦炭内部,并在其中发生还原与氧化循环反应,对焦炭内部结构造成破坏,从而影响焦炭反应后强度。     

低成本矿冶炼条件下鄂钢高炉有害元素的控制

对鄂钢低成本矿冶炼条件下的高炉中有害元素现状进行了总结。结果表明,在现有条件下S、K2O+Na2O、Zn、Pb等有害元素负荷分别达到了6.9、3.5、1.2、0.4kg/t,对高炉顺行和长寿造成了不良影响;提出了合理配矿和优化高炉操作制度等若干针对性的治理措施,以减轻其对高炉稳定顺行的危害。     

Recycling of By‐Product Pellets as Burden in the Blast Furnace Process: A Lab and Pilot Scale Investigation

Cold bonded by‐product briquettes have been recycled in the blast furnace at SSAB Tunnplåt in Luleå since 1993. Recently, much effort has been made to increase the recycling of by‐products. One such project deals with the development of a cold bonded by‐product pellet (CBP) agglomerated from very fine dusts. The pellets used in these tests are produced from a blend containing BF flue dust, filter dust, briquette fines and BOF coarse dust as well as cement binder. The pellets were tested in the laboratory by reduction tests, softening and melting tests, thermo gravimetric analysis, differential thermo analysis, and mass spectrometry measurements. The test results indicate that the CBPs can disintegrate during reduction in the BF shaft, are self‐reducing to a high extent and, as a supplement to the normal ferrous burden, they show quite good softening and melting properties. A pilot scale test in LKAB's experimental blast furnace was performed. CBPs were charged with rates of 150 kg/tHM, 299 kg/tHM and 344 kg/tHM respectively during test periods 1, 2 and 3. The blast furnace operation was very stable during test period 1 with 150 kg CBP/tHM, but the burden descent and gas distribution were disturbed during the periods with greater CBP burden content. The rate of reducing agents was significantly decreased and slag amount was increased when CBPs were charged.     

ICP—AES法测定高纯石油焦和高纯煤沥青灰分中16个元素

研究了采用ICP—AES法快速测定高纯石油焦和高纯煤沥青灰分中16种杂质元素Al、Ca、cr、Cu、C0、Fe、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Pb、Ti、V、Zn的分析方法。对样品的溶解方式和影响测定结果的各种因素进行了研究,确定了试验的最佳测定条件。运用ICP—AES对灰分中16种杂质元素的检出限、回收率及精密度进行TN定,结果显示,各元素的检出限在0．000039～0．025μg／mL,方法的回收率在95．0％～105．9％,相对标准偏差（RSD）≤1．00％。本方法分析高纯石油焦和高纯煤沥青灰分中的杂质元素,能够满足高纯石墨研究工作的要求。     

荷兰霍戈文高炉高煤比操作实践

荷兰霍戈文高炉在相当长的一段时间内煤比保持在１８０￣２００ｋｇ／ｔ，今年以来煤比又进一步提高到２１０ｋｇ／ｔ，霍戈文高炉能保持这么高的煤比生产，除了喷煤工艺及设备先进合理外，关键还在于先进的生产操作技术，诸如：合理的煤气流分布；加强炉顶布料，降低渣比，高富氧（富氧率为６％￣８％），低风速（鼓风速度控制在１９０￣２００ｍ／ｓ）；开发实用的数学模型，指导高炉操作。     

太钢4号高炉喷煤系统改造

太钢4号高炉喷吹系统原设计为双系列多支管喷吹方式,喷吹系统改造时改为总管加分配器喷吹方式,操作上由原来的两个系列同时喷煤改为两个系列交替喷煤。改造取得了较好的效果,喷煤量由70～80kg/t提高到100kg/t以上,压缩空气消耗量降低了90％,喷吹浓度由原来的6～10kg粉/kg气提高到40kg粉/kg气以上。     

The influence of simultaneous adsorption of potassium and sodium vapours on coke structure and performance

Alkali metals are one of the important factors promoting the degradation of coke in blast furnace. Previous studies usually focused on the properties of coke affected, respectively, by K and Na separately, while K and Na will simultaneously affect coke performance in the actual production of blast furnace. Through simulating the actual situation where coke is affected by K and Na vapours simultaneously in blast furnace, the evolution of coke structure and thermal properties (CRI, CSR) after alkalisation with different proportions of K and Na vapours are revealed in this study. Results showed that coke structure was broken when the proportion of alkali vapours reached 3%, and coke fine formation rate increased with the increase of K vapour, indicating that K vapour caused a great damage to coke structure; CRI of coke reached the highest and CSR the lowest when K/Na ratio was 3/7. It was observed with SEM/energy dispersive spectrometer that K and Na existed in both mineral matters and carbon matrix; nepheline, generated when coke reacted with alkaline (K, Na) vapours, was determined by XRD. The content of K and Na in nepheline is dependent on the ratio of alkaline (K, Na).     

国丰1780m~3高炉烧结-高炉系统碱金属平衡的研究

为了弄清国丰1 780 m3高炉中碱金属的来源与去向,降低高炉碱负荷以减轻碱金属对高炉的危害,对国丰1 780 m3高炉以及为其供给烧结矿的230 m2烧结机进行了碱金属的平衡研究。结果表明:国丰烧结过程中的K主要由白灰带入,Na主要由巴西粗矿带入;1 780 m3高炉吨铁碱负荷为5 047 g,进入高炉的碱金属主要来源于烧结矿;高炉中的K、Na主要通过炉渣排出。     

有害微量元素对邯钢高炉炉料冶金性能的影响

为了降低有害微量元素对邯钢高炉冶炼的影响,研究了K,Na,Zn,Cl等有害微量元素对炉料冶金性能的影响,同时研究了抑制其危害的措施。研究结果表明:少量的有害微量元素即可对焦炭的冶金性能产生巨大的危害,而对于铁矿石的影响略轻,有害微量元素含量越高,炉料的冶金性能越差。在焦炭上喷洒质量浓度为0.04%的硼酸溶液,在铁矿石上喷洒质量浓度为0.04%的CaCl2溶液,可有效降低有害微量元素的危害。     

湘钢1号高炉降低焦比的措施

2001年湘钢1号高炉为了降低焦比,采取提高熟料比、降低入炉原燃料含粉率、加强原燃料的日常筛分管理等措施;利用焦丁回收系统对小块焦进行回收入炉,采取大料批结合往复式多环布料,使煤气利用大幅度提高;采取高顶压、高压差、大风量、缩小风口直径、提高风速和鼓风动能等措施进一步强化冶炼;通过提高风温和改善喷吹条件提高煤比,以及强化操作管理维持炉况长周期稳定顺行,使焦比从1999年的490kg/t降至 2000年的440kg/t、2001年的403kg/t.     

酒钢高炉有害元素调查及措施分析

由于受资源条件的限制,酒钢高炉入炉原燃料中K、Na、Zn、Pb等有害元素含量较高,给高炉生产带来极大的危害。本文重点介绍了近年来对1号高炉有害元素的调查及采取的抑制措施,为进一步优化高炉操作提供有益借鉴。     

鞍钢高炉喷吹水熄焦粉的生产实践

为探索高炉喷吹水熄焦粉的可行性,开展了5%~15%水平下的水熄焦粉高炉喷吹用配煤优化实验室实验及工业喷吹试验。结果表明,在现有配煤基础上,最适宜的配入量为15%,鞍钢新2#和新3#高炉喷吹水熄焦粉后,煤气利用率分别提高0.24%和0.58%,燃料比下降0.71 kg/t和1.82 kg/t,水熄焦粉可用于高炉喷吹。