备件采购及库存管理优化措施

分析备件采购及库存控制的现状,提出重视备件采购管理及安全库存定额,控制计划源头,优化采购模式,加强定额管理,修旧利废和利库等管理优化措施。     

加强采购监管实行比价采购

通过实行比价采购，采购监管得以加强，使采购工作进入制度化、程序化管理，整个采购过程实现透明化，从而节约了采购成本，为加强企业内部管理提供了一点经验。     

ERP系统采购管理模块的开发

本文详细介绍了福建三钢(集团)ERP系统中采购管理模块的开发过程、运行经验,为正在实施与未来计划实施ERP的企业提供借鉴与参考。     

物资采购科学管理的实践

文章就如何对物资采购实施科学管理进行了总结,从管理目标、管理中运用的原理、管理项的实施几个部分进行了探讨,旨在降低物资的采购成本,保证物资的采购质量,提升企业产品的市场竞争力,进一步加强物资采购的科学管理。     

企业物资采购模式的优化

针对目前企业在物资采购中存在的采购制度不健全、对采购人员管理不严、不注重供应商选择、库存量不合理等问题,提出降低物资采购成本的方法,通过建立健全物资采购制度,采取合理有效的采购方案,并依托现代化库存管理技术,优秀的物资供应商团队及物资采购监督等一系列手段来优化企业物资采购模式,进一步提升企业物资采购的效率。     

浅谈大宗原材料物招标采购的管理

为了降氏采购价格,提高采购质量,铸管公司建立了大宗原材料物招标采购模式。在准备阶段采取了建立强有力的组织保障体系、提供必要的制度保证和综合的质量保证、严格程序和人员培训等措施;在招标采购过程中严格按制度办事,规范操作行为,确保招标采购良好运行,使采购成本平均降低18.8%,提高了工作效率,建立起了系统、完善、行之有效的企业管理新机制。     

实施多种采购模式降低采购成本

济钢通过采取零库存管理、供方代储、总量承包、长寿化攻关、供方代修等多种采购模式,开拓了采购思路,降低了采购成本,减少了浪费,保证了生产的顺利进行。     

深化物资管理提高企业效益

为增加企业效益 ,提高企业竞争力 ,金岭铁矿采取了严格控制物资采购成本、控制物资采购质量、加强物资供应的定 (限 )额管理、加强物资仓储管理等一系列措施 ,2 0 0 2年 1～ 1 1月采购费用比计划价格节约 30 0万元     

浅析大庆油田物资采购方式的应用

企业物资采购,是企业的最大的成本之一,选择合理的采购方式不仅可以降低企业的成本,而且给企业带来很高的经济效益.本文结合大庆油田的实际,分析了各种物资采购方式,为进一步降低企业成本奠定基础.     

企业备件采购效率提升优化设计

甲公司在不断发展壮大的过程中,备件采购任务也随之成倍地加重,以甲公司当前备件供应管理的现状和特点分析入手,总结出其中可能存在阻碍工作效率的节点,并有针对性地提出了分类整合采购策略、质量评价体系、计划与库存整合、统一考核机制等优化设计方案。     

Model for Financial Renegotiation in Public-Private Partnership Projects and Its Policy Implications: Game Theoretic View

Today, government is no longer considered the sole provider of public works or services. Public-private partnership (PPP) has been recognized as an important approach to solving problems for governments in providing infrastructure systems. However, the joint ownership or partnership in PPP complicates the administration of PPP projects. Too often, in PPP, many serious problems occur mainly because of bad administration policies. In particular, the fact that government may rescue a distressed project and renegotiate with the developer causes major problems in project procurement and management. This paper aims to study when and how government will rescue a distressed project and what impacts government’s rescue behavior has on project procurement and management. A game-theory based model for government rescue dynamics is developed. Propositions, corollaries, and important policy implications are then derived from the model. This pilot study, the writer hopes, may provide theoretic foundations to policy makers for prescribing effective PPP procurement and management policies and for examining the quality of PPP policies. The study can also offer researchers a framework and a methodology to understand the behavioral dynamics of the parties in PPP.     

Impact of Using an E-Marketplace in the Construction Supply Process: Lessons from a Case Study

The procurement process is critical for construction companies. To improve it, many are resorting to e-marketplaces although they usually do not know exactly how much they can gain by doing so. This paper describes a study that measured the benefits of using an e-marketplace to support the procurement process of a construction company. The study included three marketplaces currently operating in Chile. However, in this paper, we focus on Iconstruye, the most important one. 70 executives and professionals from 25 construction companies randomly selected from the 89 that used this marketplace, were interviewed and asked to fill out a questionnaire. This data was validated using data from Iconstruye and from 33 suppliers. The results show that the adoption of an e-marketplace reduces turnaround time, errors, urgent orders, and irregular purchases. A more reliable procurement process directly contributes to a leaner construction process by reducing upstream variability, procurement cycle times, and the need for large inventories on site. Users also perceive an improvement in certain global indicators when using an e-marketplace.     

Optimizing Material Procurement and Storage on Construction Sites

Efficient planning of materials procurement and storage on construction sites can lead to significant improvements in construction productivity and project profitability. Existing research studies focus on material procurement and storage layout as two separate planning tasks without considering their critical and mutual interdependencies. This paper presents the development of a new optimization model for construction logistics planning that is capable of simultaneously integrating and optimizing the critical planning decisions of material procurement and material storage on construction sites. The model utilizes genetic algorithms to minimize construction logistics costs that cover material ordering, financing, stock-out, and layout costs. The model incorporates newly developed algorithms to estimate the impact of potential material shortages on-site because of late delivery on project delays and stock-out costs. An application example is analyzed to demonstrate the capabilities of the construction logistics planning model in simultaneously optimizing material procurement decisions and storage layout plans.     

Cost Performance Comparison of Two Public Sector Project Procurement Techniques

Increased industry discussion of the potential benefits of alternative forms of construction project delivery often presents little cost analysis of options. This work presents the results of a cost comparison study of completed public sector municipal facilities design and construction projects—a portion of which delivered using a traditional design-bid-build procurement approach and a portion of which delivered using the procurement technique of a negotiated lump sum construction contracts with in-house construction forces. The study compares costs for all phases of all the projects (design, bid and award, construction, and total project cost) across both methods of project procurement. Conclusions examine the cost trade-offs of using negotiated contracts with in-house forces, outline key success factors identified through this study in order to optimize the use of this form of project procurement, and identify areas for future research.     

Procurement of Design-Build Services: Two-Phase Selection for Highway Projects

In the United States, public agencies are adopting the design-build (DB) delivery method for delivering highway projects after having used the traditional design-bid-build method for generations. In the 2002 design-build contracting final rule, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) strongly encourages the use of two-phase selection procedures for DB procurement. This paper takes a case study approach to investigating the use of a two-phase process for selecting providers of highway design-build services. Using two DB projects in central Texas as case studies, the writers have analyzed project documentation and performed interviews with 37 project participants involved in procurement, including owner representatives and legal consultants. For the first case, the writers selected the $1.3 billion SH-130 tolled expressway project in central Texas. Procurement of the SH-130 DB contract was performed before the FHWA rule on DB contracting was released. In addition, the writers examined procurement activities for the $154 million DB contract for the SH-45 SE tolled expressway, which was procured by the same owner in 2004 following procedures identified in the FHWA rule. As a result, a process was developed that included activities to be performed between the delivery method decision and the contract execution. This process model tracks the differences between the SH-130 and the SH-45 SE processes that are attributable to the latter’s adoption of the FHWA Rule.     

Project Procurement Competence and Knowledge Base of Civil Engineering Consultants: An Empirical Study

This paper reports the findings of a survey designed to capture information on the construction project procurement systems (CPPSs) knowledge base of civil engineering consultants, specifically on their level of competence in terms of advising clients to make appropriate choices of CPPSs. The study included an examination of whether the civil engineering consultants’ advice on CPPSs and CPPSs services fulfilled the client’s needs and also the degree to which the client’s project requirements were being met. The selection criteria used by civil engineering consultants when choosing an appropriate procurement system was investigated. Also included in the study was an investigation into the degree to which civil engineering consultants communicate and inform clients of the range of CPPSs available to them. A postal questionnaire survey was administered to the clients (property developers) and civil engineering consultants in South Africa’s Western Cape Province. The results show that civil engineering consultants are unaware of or underinformed about the various construction project procurement systems available. Their selection criteria for procurement systems is based on biased past experience and conservative choices, with the result that incorrect decisions with unfortunate consequences are made.     

Procurement Effects on Coopetition in Client-Contractor Relationships

Client-contractor relationships are often criticized for being competitive and adversarial, rather than cooperative. The main purpose of this paper is to examine how construction clients’ procurement procedures affect the balance between cooperation and competition (i.e., coopetition) in client-contractor relationships. The empirical results, based on a survey to 87 Swedish construction clients, show that clients’ procurement procedures facilitate a focus on competition. It was also found that clients’ earlier experience of a certain procedure heavily affects their procurement choices, thereby preserving old behaviors. Although two-thirds of the clients wish to increase cooperation with contractors, this does not affect their procurement decisions. This study therefore concludes that the theoretical framework, based on transaction cost economics, is correct in prescribing more cooperation than is empirically observed in the construction sector. The theoretical framework can increase clients’ awareness of how procurement affects cooperation and competition, thereby serving as a basis for more unbiased and systematic procurement decisions, facilitating cooperation-based coopetition.     

Comparing Procurement Methods for Design-Build Projects

The design-build delivery method is increasingly used in the United States due to numerous advantages it can offer a project. An important issue associated with design-build delivery is the procurement method used to select the design-build team. It is a critical decision that involves several key project team members, including the owner, designer, and contractor organizations, and requires the owner to carefully choose the design-build procurement method that will be used to select the team that will deliver the project. This research quantitatively analyzed the correlation between the design-build procurement method and the performance of the design-build project with regard to cost, time, and quality metrics. The procurement methods studied were sole source, qualifications-based, best value, and low bid selection. Data were collected through surveys from 76 design-build projects in the United States. Based on the patterns and relationships identified from these data, a better understanding of the procurement process and how it influences project performance is achieved. The impact of project-specific factors and guidelines are presented to assist owners in selecting the design-build team procurement method that responds to their project goals.     

Development and Application of the Specialist Task Organization Procurement Approach

The study focuses on the development of an innovative procurement method in order to improve owners’ contracting strategies. The aim of this paper is to develop a procurement system that improves the overall project implementation process, in order to meet the project objectives of time, cost, and quality. The Specialist Task Organization (STO) approach is suggested based on a constructive research approach, where extensive theoretical development of the STO concept is developed. The analogical validation was carried out through the review of four case study examples in order to find the analogies between the positive outcomes of four case studies and the elements of the STO route. The proposed task-oriented approach utilizes integrated product (task) development, integrated management, and fragmented execution via task organizations. The merits of the STO approach include, the shifting of competition from only single design and cost based to multiple designs, life-cycle costs, alternative materials, and maintainability implications. The STO approach assumes a modular approach to design, and allows experts knowledge in design and construction through their involvement from preconstruction through project starts up. The suggested STO route is a potential tool in realizing complete sustainability in construction in terms of environmental and social sustainability, as well as economic sustainability.