低压并联型有源电力滤波器谐波检测算法的研究

研究了低压并联型有源电力滤波器的谐波检测算法。通过d-q变换对三相电流进行坐标变换,提取其基波有功分量,从而检测出其谐波与无功分量。该改进算法为电流的d-q变换提供精确的参考相位。采用改进的检测算法,电压畸变不会影响该算法检测的精确度,并能有效地检测负载电流的谐波与无功分量。     

并联有源滤波器的一种高可靠性控制策略

为了提高有源电力滤波器的可靠性,针对负载电流波动和负载突停等工况时导致直流侧电压波动过大而无法正常补偿谐波等问题,研究了一种基于多同步坐标旋转的直接谐波提取方法,并将d-q谐波提取方法和直接谐波提取方法对直流侧电压控制的影响进行了分析和对比。提出了把直接谐波提取方法和复合重复控制相结合的指定次补偿控制策略,该策略不仅由于采用直接谐波提取保证了系统的可靠性,与复合重复控制结合也保证了系统的动态性能和稳态精度,而且可以指定次谐波补偿,补偿灵活。仿真和实验结果证明了研究内容的有效性。     

基于多通道信号分离器的MMC网侧背景谐波电流抑制策略

针对模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC)受电网背景谐波影响输出谐波电流的问题提出抑制策略。通过计算子模块能量波动函数得到MMC在背景谐波影响下的输出电压,进而分析了MMC网侧背景谐波电流产生的规律。利用交叉解耦复数滤波器设计了多通道信号分离器,实现了对MMC网侧谐波信号的分离提取。对所分离的各次谐波建立了MMC数学模型,并以此为基础设计了谐波电流抑制器;通过搭建双端HVDC输电模型对理论分析和抑制策略进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,MMC网侧输出背景谐波电流规律与理论分析吻合,所提出的抑制策略能有效降低MMC网侧电流中的背景谐波含量。     

基于直流侧电压周期离散控制的单相并联有源滤波器

针对有源滤波器电流谐波分量检测运算复杂,且在负荷电流变化时出现电源电流畸变现象,从直流侧电容电压与交、直流侧功率传递的关系出发,并结合有功电流的周期性特点,提出了基于直流侧电容电压周期离散控制的新型有源滤波器控制方法.该方法以电网电压为同步信号,在电网电压信号的过零点采样直流侧电容电压,并通过周期离散控制可以获得负荷电流有功分量.采用该周期离散控制方法可实现对直流侧电容电压的线性化控制,并使有源滤波器对谐波的补偿是瞬时的.该文给出了单相并联有源滤波器的直流侧模型,基于该模型推导出周期离散控制方法.以该方法研制了10kVA有源滤波器样机,仿真和实验结果表明该方法控制简单,稳定性好,谐波补偿速度快,能够有效地避免负荷变化时的电流畸变现象.     

城轨车辆牵引过程对配电网电能质量的影响分析

针对以谐波电流95%概率值和电压短时闪变值为指标的城轨电能质量传统评估方法时间粒度大的问题,提出基于小波包变换预处理的改进Hilbert-Huang变换(WPT-HHT)方法分析车辆牵引过程谐波电流时变特性。利用小波包变换的分频特性对检测信号进行预处理,避免了经验模态分解出现模态混叠的问题;分析了检测信号频率波动对瞬时电压d-q分解法计算精度的影响,推导了频率波动情况下的误差公式。采用瞬时电压d-q分解法提取车辆牵引过程网侧电压闪变包络线。对北京地铁一号线某牵引变电站24 h实测录波数据进行了算例分析,结果表明了所提方法的有效性。     

无锁相环d-q谐波电流检测法的实现

电力有源滤波器是补偿电力系统中谐波及无功功率的重要装置，其关键环节是实时准确的检测出谐波电流。基于d-q坐标变换的谐波电流检测方法不受电压影响，并能应用于负荷电流不对称的情况。文中介绍了d-q坐标变换的谐波电流检测的基本原理，在此基础上提出了一种无锁相环的实现方法。分析指出，d-q变换过程中的频率偏差对检测结果不构成影响。该方法用PSCAD／EMTDC软件进行了仿真，并应用于电力有源滤波器样机。实验结果表明，该检测方法是准确可行的。     

改进多通道注入式HAPF与TCR联合系统

针对多通道注入式混合有源电力滤波器(HAPF)无法动态补偿无功功率的问题,在对比两种不同结构多通道注入式HAPF的基础上,提出一种改进多通道注入式HAPF与晶闸管控制电抗器(TCR)联合运行系统,实现中高压配电网谐波与无功的综合动态治理.在提出的谐波电流分频控制方法中,采用改进的ip-iq算法对电网中的各次谐波进行分频检测,各次谐波电流在注入电网过程中产生的相角偏移可在相应的sin - cos函数表中进行校正,直流侧电压实时值与给定值的误差通过PI控制后送入有功通道经d-q变换转化为三相交流值后与谐波电流控制信号叠加形成最终的控制信号.仿真及实验结果证明了所提出的控制方法的有效性.     

有源电力滤波器的高阶微分反馈控制

针对并联型有源电力滤波器(APF)的直流侧电压波动对谐波电流补偿影响的问题,研究利用高阶微分器(HOD)构成高阶微分反馈控制器(HODFC)替代传统PI控制器,对并联型APF直流侧电压进行控制。通过HOD可以高品质地提取输入信号和输出信号以及其一阶微分和二阶微分,结合一定的控制律实现对APF的HODFC控制。仿真结果表明该控制策略具有可行性,与传统PI控制比较,具有良好的静态和动态性能,可使并联型APF直流侧电压在不到1/2个电源周期中就达到稳定,同时电流畸变率从24.49%降到2.31%,能显著改善电网质量。     

并联有源电力滤波器的自适应重复控制

在现有电力有源滤波器重复控制方法的基础上,提出了自适应负载谐波电流数字检测方法和重复控制自适应信号发生器。基于瞬时无功功率理论,在d-q坐标系中实现谐波电流的数字检测算法,并引入自适应的每基波周期采样点数kmax消除电网电压频率变化的影响。采用比例控制与重复控制并联用于输出波形控制。实验结果证明了这种自适应的谐波电流检测和数字重复控制方式的有效性。     

微网蓄电池储能系统滤波及并网控制策略

针对微网中蓄电池储能系统充放电时谐波含量较高情况,在DC/DC与DC/AC变流器之间加入LC滤波器滤除低次谐波,在DC/AC变流器与电网之间加入LCL滤波器抑制高次谐波;并在传统PQ控制基础上以逆变器侧电感电流和网侧电感电流加权值作为内环电流控制信号,降低了解耦分量的纹波含量,减小了储能系统的电压源特性和LCL滤波器阻抗特性对滤波效果和电压波形的影响,提高了控制精度和响应速度;通过隔离变压器调节逆变器输出电压,保证并网电压的稳定。构建仿真模型仿真验证了双层滤波结构和改进控制策略可有效提高蓄电池储能系统的电能质量。     

一种基于改进型ip-iq方法的有源滤波器

在瞬时无功功率理论的基础上,提出一种基于改进型ip-iq谐波电流检测方法的有源滤波器。改进型检测方法用简单的积分、延时加增益环节来代替传统ip-iq方法中的低通滤波器,将检测延时减少到1/6个电源周期。同时这种检测方法还可以推广到单相、三相4线电路和三相不平衡负载的场合中。电流跟踪控制采用滞环比较方式,实际补偿电流能够实时精确跟踪谐波指令电流。采用能量平衡原理实现了逆变器直流侧电压的控制。仿真结果表明,这种有源滤波器能够实时、有效地补偿系统的谐波和无功电流。     

基于二阶广义积分器的改进型ip-iq谐波检测算法*

针对电网直流分量和高次谐波对谐波电流检测精度的影响,提出了一种基于二阶广义积分器的改进型ip-iq谐波检测算法。该算法在传统ip-iq法的结构上加入了改进型SOGI滤波环节,有效滤除了输入信号中的直流分量同时还抑制了高次谐波,改进型SOGI的锁相环在电网电压含高次谐波和直流分量的情况下能提供稳定的电网电压频率,从而能够更准确检测出谐波电流。仿真算例对比分析了传统ip-iq法和基于一般SOGI的ip-iq法,验证了文中提出的谐波检测方法在电网含直流分量和高次谐波时的有效性和可靠性。     

近似逆系统方法应用于HVDC的有源直流滤波器

谐波治理是高压直流(HVDC)输电的关键技术之一。文中分析了应用在HVDC直流侧的有源直流滤波器的工作原理，从跟踪控制的角度出发，选取谐波源电流作为检测对象，把补偿电流作为反馈信号，构建了基于近似逆系统控制的复合控制；在控制器实现中，提出了以滤波器组构建近似逆系统的方法。PSCAD仿真和样机实验结果验证，因避开了弱信号提取问题，加之近似逆系统控制的快速稳定性，有源直流滤波器系统稳定、滤波效果优良，为下一步工业实施奠定了基础。     

Analysis of even harmonics generation in an isolated electric power system

Harmonics bred from loads are mainly odd order because the current waveforms have half‐wave symmetry. Since the even harmonics are negligibly small, they generally are not measured in electric power systems. However, even harmonics were measured at a 500/275/154 kV substation in Hokuriku Electric Power Company after a transmission line fault was corrected. The even harmonics caused malfunctions of protective digital relays because the relays used 4th harmonics at the input filter as the automatic supervisory signal. This paper describes mechanisms of generation of the even harmonics by comparing the measured waveforms with the ATP‐EMTP simulation results. Analysis of these results has clearly shown that there are three different mechanisms of generation of even harmonics. The first mechanism is the appearance of a magnetizing current in transformers due to flux deviation by the DC component of the fault current. The second mechanism is harmonic conversion of a synchronous machine which generates even harmonics when the DC component or the even harmonic current flow into the machine. The third mechanism is an increase of harmonic impedance due to an isolated power system, thus producing the harmonic voltages. The design of the input filter of protective digital relays should take into account even harmonics generation in an isolated power system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 56–63, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20592     

一种实用的串并联混合有源电力滤波器

设计了一种实用的串并联混合有源电力滤波器,分析了其结构、工作原理和滤波性能。在该滤波器中,串联在系统和谐波负载之间的零磁通变流器可自动对基波呈低阻抗、对谐波呈高阻抗,从而实时检测出剩余谐波电流流过变流器时产生的谐波电压降、实现滤波;逆变器可产生一个与检测到的谐波电压成正比的电压。通过将耦合变压器与无源电力滤波器串联后并入电网,减少了流入系统的谐波电流。实验结果验证了该滤波器设计原理的正确性,表明其能有效降低滤波器有源部分的容量,具有良好的滤波性能。     

基于双阻性有源滤波器的背景谐波抑制策略

电力系统中线路电感与电容之间的谐振使得电力系统背景谐波电压放大,严重影响电能质量。针对传统技术中在传输线终端安装与其特征阻抗匹配的阻性有源滤波器(RAPF)只能抑制谐波放大、不能有效衰减谐波的问题,提出新的基于双RAPF的谐波抑制方案,即在传输线终端安装与其特征阻抗匹配的RAPF1,在距离传输线始端主要谐波1/4波长的位置设置电导增益可变的RAPF2。该方案对由上级电网渗透的谐波电压和本级电网的谐波电流引起的电压畸变均有很好的抑制效果。仿真与实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和该策略的有效性。     

Mitigating grid voltage harmonics using a line converter with active filtering feature

A line converter equipped with an LCL-line filter is used as an active filter directly compensating grid voltage harmonics. The control of four individual grid voltage harmonics is implemented using an individual control of corresponding harmonic line currents. The knowledge of the grid impedance is essential to efficient control of the grid voltage harmonics. To overcome the problem of an unknown grid impedance an identification method is used. The method uses the converter control system to measure the grid impedance at selected frequencies. The active voltage harmonic cancellation is tested with a 19 kVA line converter by compensating background voltage distortion and distortion caused by a nonlinear load.     

Feasibility study of AC- and DC-side active filters for HVDCconverter terminals

The authors evaluate the technical and economic feasibility for active filtering of DC-side voltage harmonics and the AC-side current harmonics produced by a HVDC (high voltage direct current) converter. The following designs for the active filter concepts are compared with the existing AC-side and DC-side passive filters used at the Dickinson terminal of the CU HVDC transmission line project: the DC-side active filter consisting of a capacitor coupled current injection source to neutralize the 12th, 24th, and the 36th harmonics actively and the AC-side active filter designed to provide the same fundamental frequency-reactive VARs as the existing passive filters. Controlled currents are injected to filter the 11th and the 13th harmonic current actively. A cost comparison is made between these active filter designs and the cost of the existing passive filter supplied by the United Power Association     

A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-a combinedsystem of shunt passive and series active filters

A novel approach to compensating for harmonics in power systems is presented. It is a combined system of a shunt passive filter and a small rated series active filter. The compensation principle is described, and some filtering characteristics are discussed in detail. Excellent practicability and validity to compensate for harmonics in power systems are demonstrated experimentally. Although the source harmonic voltage was only 1%, the source harmonic current reached about 10% before the series active filter was started. After it was started, no harmonic current flowed into the shunt passive filter. In addition, no harmonic voltage appeared at the terminals of the shunt passive filter, because the source harmonic voltage was applied to the series active filter. The total loss of the series active filter was less than 40 W. It is concluded that the combined system is far superior in efficiency to conventional shunt active filters