Sorption of transition metals by polyfunctional vion fibre sorbents

The selectivity and sorption capacity of polyfunctional fibre sorbents containing carboxyl, hydrazidine, and amidoxime groups are a function of the ratio of these groups in the polymer chain in absorption of transition metal ions from low-concentration solutions. The selectivity for nickel ions is determined by the ratio of carboxyl and hydrazidine groups, while the selectivity for copper ions increases significantly when 3–5 wt. % amidoxime groups are incorporated in the polymer chain in addition to the indicated units.All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Fibres, Mytishchi. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 24–26, May–June, 1995.     

New carbon sorbents

The formation of the structural and absorption properties of carbon sorbents based on various carbon-containing materials was studied. Carbon sorbents and catalysts on carbon supports with a wide range of physicochemical properties and structural parameters were prepared and tested in air separation, natural gas-gasoline processing, direct oxidative degradation of hydrogen sulfide, and the recovery of noble metals from solutions and pulps. It was found that the targetoriented synthesis of a pore structure makes it possible to obtain carbon sorbents and catalysts on carbon supports, which are effective in gas decomposition, gas mixture separation, and the recovery of valuable components from liquid media.     

Heavy petroleum products as possible feedstocks for carbon black production

The possibility of producing carbon black from Iraqi refinery products has been investigated. The products considered as feedstocks included five different furfural extracts from lube oil processing in addition to vacuum residue, reduced crude and a heavy Qaiyarah crude oil. A laboratory-scale experimental apparatus based on the oil furnace process and operated at different air/feed ratio was used to compare the suitability of the feedstocks for carbon black production. The results indicate that the most suitable feedstocks were extracts LVI 60 and LVI 150, and vacuum residue.     

Electrically conducting carbon fiber sorbents

A new class of carbon fiber materials has been developed: electrically conducting fiber sorbents. Studies have been made on the effects from ACFM production parameters on the porosity, pore structure, bulk resistivity, and electrical capacity. This enables one to forecast the properties of electrically conducting ACFM over wide ranges and to make sorbents with given sorption and electrophysical characteristics. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 38–41, July–August, 2008.     

Study of carbon fibre sorbents by the method of dynamic sorption

A rapid method of studying the characteristics of carbon fibre sorbents by dynamic sorption was developed. It was shown that in the 40–200°C temperature range, equilibrium between the sorbed and vapor phases of benzene is attained in the selected desorption conditions. The results obtained are in agreement with the static sorption data and can be used to comparatively evaluate the porosity of CFS.Avtor Scientific and Industrial Association, Mytishchi. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 39–41, November–December, 1995.     

Electrocracking of petroleum products: Effect of process duration on characteristics of carbon black

The production of carbon black through decomposition of straight-run petroleum products in electric discharges has been studied. It has been shown that the duration (time) of decomposition of the organic feedstock in the electrocracking process substantially affects both the fractional composition of the feedstock and the characteristics of the carbon black being formed.     

Surface modification of carbon sorbents with polycarbosilane

Modified carbon sorbents containing silicon oxycarbide, which did not form a continuous protective layer on the surface, were prepared by the liquid-phase supporting of polycarbosilane onto the surface of carbon sorbents followed by thermal treatment. The silicon-containing sorbents were characterized by increased stability to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen at high temperatures (as compared with that of the initial sorbents) with the retention of sufficiently high sorption activity.     

Sorption of aromatic compounds in water using polymer sorbents containing amino groups

Porous organic sorbents containing primary amino groups and crosslinked with divinylbenzene or ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate were used for the recovery of various organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. The kinetics of sorption of these solutes is dependent on the specific area and the average pore radius of the sorbent. Physical sorption and chemical interaction of the acid solutes with the amino functions are both involved in the sorption process. The variation of the sorption capacity with the specific area of the solute depends on the nature of the solute. Experiments with mixtures of organic solutes show that the sorption of a given solute may be increased or decreased by the presence of another one. The capacity is increased during cycles of using and regenerating the sorbent. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

X射线荧光分析法测定石油及石油产品中的硫含量

在石油化工生产过程中,硫含量的测定是需要严格控制的一项重要指标,也是与发动机的腐蚀及环保排放有关的重要项目。硫的存在还降低了油品的氧化安定性,使油品颜色变深,产生特殊的气味和讨厌的沉渣而降低油品的质量。炼厂及石油化工装置排放气中的硫化氢、二氧化硫,在空气中还会形成酸雨,污染环境。破坏生态平衡,因此硫含量分析至关重要。分析硫常用的方法有很多：燃灯法、氧弹法、氧瓶燃烧法、微库仑法和荧光法等。本文就X射线荧光分析法（XRF）操作方便、速度快、效率高,减轻工人工作量等优点,对各种影响因素进行对比和研究。找到了最佳的分析条件,并选择校正曲线法建立汽油、柴油和重油中硫分析方法。结果表明：上述方法对于不同石油产品中显示出良好的选择性（重复性、再现性和灵敏度）,满足了生产过程中不同石油产品中硫含量的检测需要．     

微库仑法测定石油及石油产品中的硫含量

在石油化工生产过程中,硫含量的测定是需要严格控制的一项重要指标,也是与发动机的腐蚀及环保排放有关的重要项目。硫的存在还降低了油品的氧化安定性,,使油品颜色变深,产生特殊的气味和讨厌的沉渣而降低油品的质量。炼厂及石油化工装置排放气中的硫化氢、二氧化硫,在空气中还会形成酸雨,污染环境,破坏生态平衡,因此硫含量分析至关重要。分析硫常用的方法有很多:燃灯法、氧弹法、氧瓶燃烧法、微库仑法和荧光法等。本文就微库仑法灵敏度、快速、准确的特点,通过大量的实验,针对各种影响因素进行对比和研究,找到了最佳的分析条件,并选择校正曲线法建立汽油、柴油和重油中硫分析方法。试验表明:上述方法对于不同石油产品中显示出良好的选择性(重复性、再现性和灵敏度),满足了生产过程中不同石油产品中硫含量的检测需要。     

VPO法测定石油产品中分子量

简要论述了VPO法测定石油产品分子量的简单原理、分析流程、结果与讨论.适用于测定包括原油、蜡油、渣油、馏分不低于220℃、相对分子量3000以内的石油产品.具有操作方便、重复性良好等优点.     

Removing petroleum products from coke-plant wastewater by means of coal concentrates and coking products

The use of raw materials and products at OAO Moskoks in absorbing petroleum products is explored. These materials are compared with mass-produced carbon absorbers. The possibility of producing carbon adsorbents from the raw materials at coke plants is evaluated.     

Stability of mercury on three activated carbon sorbents

The stability of adsorbed mercury on activated carbon (AC) is very important for avoiding reemission. Based on research concerning the stability of mercury on the AC relative to leaching and thermal desorption, our conclusions are as follows. Leaching tests show that mercury appears to be very stable on the AC. The Hg concentration in the leachate is much lower than the TCLP safety limit of 0.025 mg/l. Leaching time and liquid to solid (L/S) have some influence on the leaching results, but the influence is far less than which leads the Hg concentrate to exceed the safety limit. Leaching tests for mercury at lower and higher pH are aggressive compared with the neutral pH test. There is much more mercury released from the AC at longer heating time for mercury. At the same time, it seems that the stability of adsorbed original Hg⁰ on the AC is stronger than that of adsorbed original Hg²⁺.     

Sorption of bioactive materials on carbon

Adsorption of biologically active materials on carbon is reviewed. Solvent desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is shown to be strongly dependent on PAH size and surface concentration. On carbon black, a model carbonaceous adsorbent, type II isotherms are obtained for the adsorption of pyrene from cyclohexane solution and cyclohexane from the vapor phase. Isosteric heats of adsorption for cyclohexane show a broad maximum at θ ~ 0.4, whereas the net heat for pyrene decreases steeply from an initial maximum to a limiting value at surface concentrations >30 μg/m². PAH desorption in organic solvents increases in the presence of polymers, particularly at very low loadings of PAH. In aqueous media, PAH are strongly retained by carbon and exhibit negligible bioavailability in physiologic fluids and in lipid bilayer membrane systems.     

FV-10型催化剂加氢制取多种重质石油产品

介绍了使用中国石油化工股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院研制的FV-10型石蜡加氢催化剂进行高压加氢制取食品级微晶蜡、医药及食品级凡士林和润滑油基础油的试验情况。其中,微晶蜡和凡士林加氢试验采用高压一段串联工艺,轻脱沥青油脱蜡油加氢制取润滑油基础油试验采用高压一段加氢工艺。结果表明,在试验条件下,微晶蜡加氢产品质量符合GB22160-2008食品级微晶蜡标准;凡士林加氢产品质量分别符合GB1790-2003医药白凡士林标准和SH/T0767-2005食品级凡士林标准;轻脱沥青油脱蜡油加氢产品质量符合中国石化HVIⅠa润滑油基础油标准。     

Some synthetic detergents from petroleum products

Deodorized and dewaxed Egyptian petroleum fraction, boiling range 200–270 C, was subjected to liquid phase oxidation at various temperatures in the presence of Co acetate as catalyst. The synthesized naphthenic acids were then converted to naphthenic acid amides and naphthenic alcohols. These products were ethoxylated to different mole ratios of ethylene oxide. The ethoxylates with an average 5 mol ethylene oxide/mol prepared hydrophobes were sulphated and phosphated to anionics. The surface active properties of all the nonionic and anionic surfactants were evaluated.     

Internal diffusion kinetics of caprolactam in adsorption from aqueous solutions by carbon sorbents

The internal diffusion kinetics of liquid-phase adsorption of caprolactam by carbon sorbents were investigated. The effective internal diffusion coefficients were determined. A method of evaluating the correctness of the experimentally found values of the effective internal diffusion coefficient was developed for microporous sorbents. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 38–41, May–June, 1998.