ⅠD型三角纤维软骨复合体损伤的关节镜下修复

目的 评价通过腕关节镜对创伤性三角纤维软骨复合体(TFCC)Ⅰ D型损伤进行缝合修复的治疗效果.方法 选有急慢性外伤史的13例腕关节三角纤维软骨复合体损伤病例,其中男8例,女5例.年龄17～35岁,平均26.6岁.关节镜下确诊为Palmer分型ⅠD型,并在关节镜下行TFCC缝合修复术.术后平均随访时间为15个月.利用Green-O' Brien功能评定方法.结果 优11例,良2例.结论 ⅠD型TFCC损伤可以通过关节镜下缝合修复取得良好的治疗效果.     

鼻翼软骨整形结合假体植入矫正单侧唇裂继发的鼻部畸形

目的探讨矫正唇裂术后继发鼻部畸形的方法。方法对36例唇裂继发鼻畸形患者采用鼻翼软骨整形结合假体植入治疗：将患侧塌陷的鼻翼组织做彻底解剖后,利用健侧部分正常的鼻翼软骨加强患侧鼻翼软骨的强度,并与鼻背软骨组织固定,形成一个完美的穹隆结构,为鼻翼提供一个很好的支持。通过放置人工硅橡胶鼻假体,加强鼻小柱对鼻尖部位的支撑作用,同时改善鼻背部的形态。结果随访6个月~2年,36例患者术后鼻部畸形均有明显的改善,手术后患者对鼻部外形美容效果进行评估：好和很好占85.1%,满意占11.1%,差的占2.8%。测量结果统计分析显示,术后鼻部的畸形有明显的改变（P〈0.001）。结论对鼻部畸形的鼻翼软骨重新解剖、复位,同时与置入的硅橡胶鼻假体固定,可以有效地矫正单侧唇裂继发的鼻畸形。     

电力电线电缆的应用比较与分析

对电力电线电缆在主要性能,安全参数,应用场所及经济性等方面作出比较与分析,有利于建设单位和设计单位合理地选用电线电缆,使配电线路有较高的性能价格比。     

矿物绝缘电缆与柔性无机矿物绝缘电缆在工程应用中的比较

目前,建筑市场上的矿物绝缘电缆（BTTZ）和柔性无机矿物绝缘电缆（YTTW）因各自的实施效果不同,而引起了业界人士的普通关注。由此,通过对矿物绝缘电缆与柔性无机矿物绝缘电缆在产品标准、产品结构、电缆载流量、应用业绩等方面在工程应用中的比较,总结了这两种产品的优劣,并为相关工程施工提供了参考。     

矿物绝缘电缆与非标矿物绝缘电缆的比较

从矿物绝缘电缆产品的标准、结构、载流量、使用寿命等方面与非标矿物绝缘电缆进行综合比较,结合矿物绝缘电缆在实际工程中消防设施、重要场所的应用情况,提出民用建筑消防设施中采用矿物绝缘电缆的必要性。     

耳屏软骨环-软骨膜鼓室成形术和外耳道成形术的临床应用

目的探讨耳屏软骨环-软骨膜鼓室成形术和外耳道成形术在单纯型中耳炎并外耳道狭窄治疗中的应用。方法22例（25耳）单纯型中耳炎并外耳道狭窄患者均行耳屏软骨环-软骨膜鼓室成形术,同时行外耳道成形术。磨除外耳道前下方悬骨及周边骨质,扩大骨性外耳道,开放鼓沟,充分暴露鼓环,鼓膜彻底去上皮化。清除中耳病变后,内置法铺放软骨环-软骨膜复合体,回复外耳道皮瓣,明胶海绵固定。结果22例（25耳）患者中7例8耳同时行完壁式乳突根治术。随访2年6个月,22例患者均一次性干耳,无皮瓣坏死、外耳道狭窄、彭膜外移、钝角形成、胆脂瘤珠和上皮囊肿形成及风吹后出现眩晕等情况。结论耳屏软骨环-软骨膜鼓室成形术和外耳道成形术治疗单纯型中耳炎并外耳道狭窄,具有扩大手术视野、残余鼓膜彻底去上皮化、便于软骨环-软骨膜复合体铺放和术后观察及防止胆脂瘤珠形成等优点,是一种较好的治疗方法。     

壳聚糖／磷酸甘油复合自体间充质干细胞修复关节软骨缺损的实验研究

目的探讨壳聚糖／磷酸甘油（C／GP）复合自体间充质干细胞（MSCs）对兔关节软骨缺损的修复作用。方法选择3个月龄新西兰大耳白兔18只,双下肢髁关节面上共制作3个直径3mm、深3mm的全层软骨缺损,自左到右为：C／GP复合自体MSCs组（A组）,C／GP组（B组）,空白对照组（c组）。分别于术后4、8、12周各处死6只,应用大体观察、组织学观察及组织学评分评估缺损软骨的修复情况。结果A组术后12周,组织切片显示新生组织中可见大量类透明软骨细胞出现,修复组织和周围软骨整合良好。A组各个时间点组织学评分均高于其他2组（P〈0．05）。结论C／GP复合自体MSCs可促进对兔关节软骨缺损的修复。     

注射性C/GP复合自体MSCs修复兔关节软骨的实验研究

目的探讨可注射性壳聚糖/磷酸甘油（C/GP）复合自体骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）对兔关节软骨缺损修复的作用。方法将54只3个月新西兰大耳白兔双下肢髁关节面上制作2个直径3 mm、深3 mm的全层软骨缺损,随机分成A,B,C3组,每组18只。术后1周,A组注入壳聚糖/磷酸甘油（C/GP）复合自体MSCs混悬液1 mL;B组注入C/GP混合液1 mL;C组注入生理盐水1 mL,3组分别术后4、8、12周各处死大耳白兔6只,应用大体观察、组织学观察及组织学Wakitani评分评估各组大耳白兔缺损软骨的修复情况。结果大体观察：术后12周A组修复区与正常组织难以区别,B组修复区与正常组织接近但仍可区分;C组缺损明显,可见肉芽组织部分充填缺损。组织学观察：A组术后12周组织切片显示新生组织中见细胞体积较大,数量较多,与周围正常软骨组织相近;B组术后12周见短小卷曲的胶原纤维和软骨陷窝样组织;C组术后12周见纤维组织颠充部分缺损。组织学评分：A组4、8、12周组织学评分明显低于B、C组（P〈0.01）;B组4、12周组织学评分低于C组（P〈0.01）。结论可注射性C/GP复合自体MSCs提高了对兔关节软骨缺损的修复效果。     

高强混凝土断裂特性的试验研究与分析

试验研究了掺超细矿渣和硅粉的高强混凝土的断裂特性并与欧洲国际混凝土协会提出的ＣＥＢ－ＦＩＰ 中的相关内容进行了比较与分析，混凝土的抗压强度，抗拉强度和弹性模量随超细矿物掺合料的掺加有明显的增大，且变化情况与ＭＣ９０相近，而超细矿物掺合料对混凝土脆性的影响比较复杂；单掺超细矿渣基本上不影响高强混凝土的脆性，双掺超细矿渣和硅粉明显增加混凝土的脆性，而且它们的变化情况与ＭＣ９０相差较大。     

陕西汉中地区蛇纹石玉的矿物成分与成因分析

陕西汉中地区发现了较大储量的汉中玉矿床,汉中玉种类繁多,其中以蛇纹石玉储量最大。通过对汉中玉中蛇纹石玉手标本及镜下薄片的观察和研究,总结出了蛇纹石玉的矿物组成特征,其主要矿物成分为蛇纹石,个别样品中发现有方解石、角闪石的蚀变残余物。电子探针分析显示,蛇纹石玉石中的SiO_2含量为41. 5%～44. 5%,MgO含量为35. 4%～39. 7%,其他氧化物含量较低。结合已有地质资料及显微镜观察可推测,汉中玉中蛇纹石玉形成于中酸性岩浆与碳酸岩盐接触的矽卡岩环境中。     

Xenobiotic and endobiotic induction of mixed function monooxygenase in carp Cyprinus carpio

3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC) significantly induces aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) activity in mature and juvenile Cyprinus carpio of both sexes. The degree of induction of AHH by 3-MC in mature fish is significantly lower than that in juveniles and induction in mature males is significantly higher than in mature females. Pretreatment with sex steroids (testosterone in males and estradiol in females) significantly reduces 3-MC-inducibility of AHH in both mature and juvenile fish, while gonadectomy in mature fish elevates AHH inducibility. AHH induction is slightly decreased by hydrocortisone and increased by metyrapone pretreatment in mature fish only. Gonadectomy further elevates metyrapone affected 3-MC inducibility of AHH in C. carpio.     

Influence of potassium permanganate on chronic toxicity of cadmium to common carp,Cyprinus carpio,and aquatic ecosystem

Common carp Cyprinus carpio was chronically exposed to cadmium (2.5 mgL^‐1) and combined treatment of cadmium and KMnO₄ (1 mgL^‐1) for 90d in outdoor artificial enclosures. Although total and filtrable (dissolved) cadmium of water gradually decreased during the experiment whole body concentration of cadmium in common carp progressively increased in both treatments. Combination of KMnO₄ with cadmium marginally reduced the accumulation of cadmium during the initial periods (30 d) but failed to produce any impact on accumulation at the end of experiment (90 d). Cadmium treatment alone did not reduce the length and weight of fish, but there was abnormality in the length weight relationship. KMnO₄ alone and in combination with cadmium significantly reduced the length, weight and yield of fish. Limnological parameters were not affected by KMnO₄ alone, but combined treatment of Cd and KMnO₄ reduced the zooplankton and phytoplankton population, primary productivity of water and NPP/CR ratio. Judicious use of KMnO₄ in aquaculture to avoid toxic interaction with cadmium has been recommended.     

Correlations of nonylphenol-ethoxylates and nonylphenol with biomarkers of reproductive function in carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the Cuyahoga River

Various chemical and biological measures were determined in carp (Cyprinus carpio) sampled from seven sites along the Cuyahoga River, Ohio; from the relatively pristine headwaters to the lower portion heavily polluted from various industrial, urban and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Levels of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs; NP1EO, NP2EO) and total NPEs (NP plus the NPEs) in fish increased in a downstream direction, with maximal values observed below the discharge of the Akron WWTP. In female fish there were no significant differences between sites in GSI or levels of vitellogenin (VTG) and 17beta-estradiol (E2). However, differences were observed between sites using measures of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and the ratio E2/11-KT. In male fish the highest levels of VTG were observed downstream of the Akron WWTP and a significant correlation (r=85%) between levels of NP and VTG was demonstrated. No site differences were observed in the measures of GSI, E2, 11-KT or the E2/11-KT ratio in male fish. These data suggest that endocrine active chemicals, such as, NP and NPEs are impacting fish downstream of the Akron WWTP; however, further work is warranted to separate linkages to other possible chemical factors in the water.     

Plasma vitellogenin levels and gonadal morphology of wild carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in a receiving rivers downstream of sewage treatment plants

A field study was carried out in order to assess, in a wild cyprinid fish, the biological effects related to the exposure to estrogenic compounds. The gonadosomic index (GSI), plasma vitellogenin (VTG) level and histological observations of gonads were performed to evaluate the reproductive health in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from three rivers receiving sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents (Guadarrama, Henares and Jarama rivers, Spain) and from a reference site (Lozoya river). No significative differences in male GSI between sites were described. Only in the 18% of fish from Guadarrama river were elevated plasma VTG levels detected. The presence of oocytes in the testis was not found in any of males examined. The results suggest that the released estrogenic compounds by STPs effluents are not enough capable to adversely affect the gonadal development of the fish studied. Additional studies will be required to assess the risk of estrogenic compounds on fish from other sites of this area.     

常规控制测量与GPS控制测量点位精度比较

应用测量误差的基本理论,通过实际观测对常规控制测量和GPS控制测量进行精度比较与分析,得出二者在平面控制测量方面精度相当,而在高程控制测量方面水准测量的精度略高于GPS高程控制测量的结论.     

Vitellogenin in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and perch (Perca fluviatilis): purification,characterization and development of an ELISA for the detection of estrogenic effects

Vitellogenin (VTG), a phospholipoglycoprotein precursor of egg yolk is synthesized and secreted in the liver in response to circulating estrogens in female fish. Thus, the presence of VTG in male fish is a useful biomarker to identify estrogenic activity of natural or anthropogenic substances in sewage effluents. We report the purification of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) VTG with the subsequent development and characterization of a specific ELISA for VTG measurement. VTG was purified by combination of ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The purified proteins were used as antigen for antibody production, as standard and tracer in the assay. Carp VTG was stable and showed a characteristic double band after Western blotting of the purified protein and in serum samples, respectively. In perch samples, several bands with lower molecular weight were present and appeared to be degradation products of VTG. The development of the carp VTG ELISA led to a sensitive and valid test system with inter-assay coefficients of variation between 3.0 and 12.3%. In contrast to carp, the described ELISA for perch VTG showed a much higher inter-assay variation up to 24%, possibly attributable to fast protein degradation. In conclusion, the described two-step chromatography is a simple purification method for VTG. Immunological and electrophoretical test systems are valid methods to determine VTG in some species like carp, but for other species like perch in which VTG is not stable, these methods are not applicable.     

Comparative study of the estrogenic responses of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to treated municipal sewage effluent (Lisbon) during two periods in different seasons

To assess the estrogenic potency of the treated domestic sewage effluent from a sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Lisbon (Chelas), 60 mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to different concentrations of the sewage effluent (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) for two periods of 28 days in two different seasons (winter/spring). Vitellogenin induction in males was used as a biomarker of exposure to xenoestrogens. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for vitellogenin analysis and the fish were sacrificed and dissected. Gonad samples were taken for histological evaluation of the sewage effects. The results showed an increase in vitellogenin induction in exposed fish, both males and females, depending on the different dilutions of the sewage effluent. In comparison with controls, the gonadosomatic index decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in fish exposed to 100% treated effluent. Although statistically not significant, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was high in all exposed fish. Histological abnormalities in fish gonads were evaluated and related to the different percentages of sewage effluent. Seasonal variations found in estrogenic responses were attributed to weather influences on sewage dilution.     

VRF系统与FCU系统末端控制的比较

通过对VRF系统与FCU系统末端控制方式的分析,提出了设计时的注意事项.     

Identification of methyl triclosan and halogenated analogues in male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Las Vegas Bay and semipermeable membrane devices from Las Vegas Wash, Nevada

Methyl triclosan and four halogenated analogues have been identified in extracts of individual whole-body male carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissue that were collected from Las Vegas Bay, Nevada, and Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMD) that were deployed in Las Vegas Wash, Nevada. Methyl triclosan is believed to be the microbially methylated product of the antibacterial agent triclosan (2, 4, 4'-trichloro-4-hydroxydiphenyl ether, Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number 3380-34-5, Irgasan DP300). The presence of methyl triclosan and four halogenated analogues was confirmed in SPMD extracts by comparing low- and high-resolution mass spectral data and Kovats retention indices of methyl triclosan with commercially obtained triclosan that was derivatized to the methyl ether with ethereal diazomethane. The four halogenated analogues of methyl triclosan detected in both whole-body tissue and SPMD extracts were tentatively identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. Methyl triclosan was detected in all 29 male common carp from Las Vegas Bay with a mean concentration of 596 μg kg^− 1 wet weight (ww) which is more than an order of magnitude higher than previously reported concentrations in the literature. The halogenated analogs were detected less frequently (21%-76%) and at much lower concentrations (< 51 μg kg^− 1 ww). None of these compounds were detected in common carp from a Lake Mead reference site in Overton Arm, Nevada.     

常见的墙体裂缝原因及预防

针对墙体裂缝这一常见的质量事故，就其产生的原因，从地基的不均匀沉降、不均匀冻胀、温差及地震灾害等方面，就其产生裂缝的原因作了分析，提出了相应的预防处理措施。