Entwicklungstendenzen bei der Partikelabtrennung aus Gasen mit filternden Abscheidern

Cleanable surface filters are used as highly efficient separation devices for removing particles from gases in three major areas of application, viz. reduction of emissions, product recovery, and process gas purification. In order to utilize their excellent separating properties in processes where unfavorable operating conditions mean that competing kinds of separators have hitherto been used, filtering separators are undergoing constant development. This paper presents and discusses future-oriented developments from current work and completed plant in the three areas of ‘modeling/computer simulation’, ‘filter medium development’, and ‘crude gas conditioning’.     

Entwicklungstendenzen in der Feststoff-verfahrenstechnik

This paper describes trends in the field of particle technology. The properties of dispersed matter which has to be handled in the chemical engineering processes or which has to be produced are of decisive importance. Future trends can be characterized by improvement of existing technologies, by a better understanding of fundamentals, combination of principles, extension of process parameters, process control and simulation, and new processes. An important trend is the production and handling of finer particles. Traditional methods of comminution and classification reach their limit around 1 μm. New processes for synthesis of particles by physical and chemical methods appear to becoming more popular. Nano-sized particles may become of future relevance in various fields of technology such as material science, micro electronics or medicine.     

Entwicklungstendenzen bei der Züchtung von Ölfrüchten anhand der Anmeldungen beim Bundessortenamt

Trends in the Breeding of Oilseeds on the Basis of Registrations in ?Bundessortenamt”? Trends in the breeding of oilseeds can be well assessed on the basis of registrations for the protection of varieties filed at the ?Bundessortenamt”?. Rapeseed, the most important oilseed in our climatic region, has undergone considerable progress since 1970 as the first registrations of the zero-erucic varieties were made. Differentiation is made between two different types of rape, i. e. those grown for producing oilseed and those grown as intermediate crop for the production of feedstuff. In the production of rape as oilseed, which was switched over in 1974 to zero-erucic varieties, the yield is now higher than the former varieties containing erucic acid. Registrations of the double-low varieties, i. e. zero-erucic and lowglucosinolate, are often being made mainly for use as intermediate crop.     

Entwicklungstendenzen in der Technik katalytischer Fluid-Reaktionen

Development trends in catalytic fluid reactions . Problems associated with raw materials, energy, and the environment have had many repercussions on the industrial development of catalytic processes. Apart from efforts to increase the use of coal-based feedstock such as synthesis gas and methanol, particular attention is focussed upon improvements in the selectivity of industrial reactions. There appears to be a reversal of direction in the choice of phase: proven homogeneous catalysts are being heterogenized, and heterogeneous catalysts are being employed in homogeneous or liquid form. Other typical features are increased efforts to replace conventional multistep syntheses by direct syntheses, and high pressure syntheses by medium or low pressure syntheses. Finally, measures designed to regenerate or conserve catalytic activity and selectivity are becoming more and more important.     

Wasserstoff-Produktion aus Kohlenwasserstoffen. Fortschritte und Entwicklungstendenzen bei Synthese und Reinigung

Production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are the preferred starting materials for the industrial production of hydrogen. Most hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of light hydrocarbons. Partial oxidation of heavy oil and residue is used for the production of H₂ and synthesis gas in large plants. In both cases gas purification was improved. Hydrogen-rich gases like coke oven gas, refinery-offgas, and offgases from the chemical and petrochemical industry have high potential for becoming a major source of hydrogen. Processes for recovering H₂ (and by-products) are condensation and rectification at low temperatures and, most attractive and versatile for the production of very pure H₂, adsorption (PSA). The environmental impact of H₂ production lies mainly in the emission of CO₂ and heat. Other forms of pollution can be considerably reduced by conventional methods. The economy of H₂ production depends essentially on price and availability of the raw materials.