20味中草药对3种奶牛乳腺炎致病菌的体外抑菌试验

本试验采用琼脂平板打孔灌药法,根据中兽医理论选择当归、川芎、金银花等20味中草药对奶牛乳腺炎3种主要致病菌进行体外抑菌试验。并测定所筛选的11味中药的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。试验结果表明,当归、川芎、蒲公英、川红花、白术、金银花6味中药对奶牛乳腺炎3种病原菌的综合抑菌效果较好,此结果为进一步研制治疗奶牛乳腺炎复方中药制剂提供实验数据。     

10种中草药的提取及其对台湾乳白蚁的活性测定

[目的]研究10种中草药甲醇提取物对台湾乳白蚁Coptotermesformosanus的效果。[方法]采用药膜法评价10种中草药甲醇提取物对台湾乳白蚁eformosanus的药效作用。[结果]所有中草药提取物均有杀虫活性,其中细辛提取物效果最好,其次为雷公藤。     

中草药提取物对种用广西麻鸡生产性能的影响

为研究复方中草药提取物对种用广西麻鸡生产性能的影响,试验随机选取121日龄广西麻鸡6 300只为试验动物,进行为期272 d的饲养试验。试验鸡群随机分为3组,每组3个重复组。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验A组和试验B组分别在基础饲粮中添加相应的中草药提取物300 mg·kg~(-1)。结果表明,试验A组和试验B组在各项种用生产性能均明显高于对照组。中草药提取物能显著提高广西麻鸡种用母鸡的生产性能。     

几种中草药对刺参幼参的急性毒性试验

为探究刺参Apostichopus japonicus对中草药的毒性反应,在水温13~15℃下采用水生生物急性毒性试验方法对体质量为(2.36±0.41)g的刺参幼参进行了5种中草药急性毒性试验。结果表明:单方中草药对刺参幼参的毒性大小依次为五倍子>乌梅>石榴皮>黄芩>甘草;五倍子、乌梅、石榴皮、黄芩和甘草对刺参幼参的48 h半致死浓度分别为0.340、2.027、2.149、2.234、4.900 g/L,安全浓度分别为0.055、0.272、0.166、0.271、0.605 g/L;6组复方药物中毒性最大的是五倍子+甘草,其次是五倍子+黄芩、甘草+黄芩、石榴皮+五倍子,乌梅+石榴皮、五倍子+乌梅两组复方的毒性最低。研究表明,在安全浓度范围内,单方中草药五倍子、乌梅,复方五倍子+乌梅、石榴皮+乌梅可用作刺参细菌性疾病的防治药物。     

中草药提取物对种用广西麻鸡公鸡精液品质的影响

为研究复方中草药提取物对种用广西麻鸡种公鸡精液品质的影响,试验选取合格的成年广西麻鸡种公鸡270只为试验动物,进行为期5个月的饲养试验。试验鸡群随机分为3组,每组3个重复组。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验A组和试验B组分别在基础饲粮上添加相应的中草药提取物300 mg·kg~(-1)。结果表明,试验A组和试验B组在采精量和精子浓度方面均明显高于对照组。试验表明,中草药提取物能显著提高广西麻鸡种公鸡的精液品质。     

中草药提取物对种用广西麻鸡公鸡生产性能的影响

为研究复方中草药提取物对种用广西麻鸡种公鸡生产性能的影响,试验选取合格的成年广西麻鸡种公鸡270只为试验动物,进行为期5个月的饲养试验。试验鸡群随机分为3组,每组3个重复组。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验A组和试验B组分别在基础饲粮中添加相应的中药提取物300 mg·kg~(-1)。结果表明,试验A组和试验B组与对照组相比,能显著提高所配母鸡的受精率、受精蛋孵化率和健雏率(P<0.05)。试验表明,中草药提取物能显著提高广西麻鸡种公鸡的生产性能。     

中草药复方制剂、糖萜素、微生态制剂联合应用对广西麻鸡生产性能的影响

试验选取1日龄广西麻鸡6000只为试验动物进行为期68周的饲养试验。试验鸡群随机分为两组,每组设两个重复。在饲养过程中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,发病选择抗生素治疗;试验组分别在不同日龄阶段的基础饲粮中添加不同剂量的中草药复方制剂和糖萜素,发生疾病用中草药复方制剂、糖萜素和微生态制剂配合治疗。结果表明,试验组成活率、均匀度优于对照组;产蛋性能得到显著提高(P<0.05);蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度得到改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋比重、蛋黄比率、哈氏单位和血、肉斑率显著改善(P<0.05);蛋黄比率得到极显著改善(P<0.01)。结果表明,中草药复方制剂、糖萜素、微生态制剂联合应用能显著提高广西麻鸡的成活率、产蛋性能和蛋品质量。     

比较5种血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌诊断和治疗的临床效果

目的:探讨分析5种血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌诊断和治疗的临床效果。方法:通过酶联免疫法对50例肺癌患者和50例肺良性疾病患者的血清肿瘤标志物进行检测,主要检测的项目为血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(Cy-fra21-1)、糖类癌抗原199(CA199)、糖类抗原125(CAl25)和癌胚抗原(CEA),进而探讨分析5种血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌诊断和治疗的临床效果。结果:肺癌患者5种血清肿瘤标志物的水平均明显高于肺良性疾病患者的检测水平,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中NSE在小细胞肺癌中高表达,CAl25在腺癌中高表达,不同肺癌类型患者的CA199、CAl25、NSE三种血清肿瘤标志物的阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而CEA和Cy-fra21-1两种血清肿瘤标志物的阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同病理类型的肺癌患者的CA123和Cy-fra21-1两种检测水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其余三种肿瘤标志物检测水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而5种肿瘤标志物联合检测的灵敏度、准确度和特异度分别为92.0%、89.0%、88.0%,均明显优于单个肿瘤标志物的检测,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血清肿瘤标志物的联合检测可显著提高肺癌患者的灵敏度和准确度,对肺癌患者的诊断和治疗有显著的临床意义。     

亳菊中6种黄酮类化合物的分离及其对心肌细胞H9c2的保护作用

目的:研究亳菊中主要黄酮类化合物对心肌细胞增殖的影响,筛选出亳菊中起心肌细胞保护作用的主要黄酮类化合物。方法:采用传统提取分离方法从亳菊中提取总黄酮,并利用多种柱色谱方法分离得到亳菊中主要的黄酮类化合物,通过光谱分析鉴定其结构。采用MTT法分析评价亳菊中主要的黄酮类化合物促进大鼠心肌细胞H9c2增殖的作用。结果:在亳菊中分离得到金合欢素、芹菜素、木犀草素、金合欢素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,6种黄酮类化合物。与正常对照组比较,除芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷外,其余各黄酮类化合物均显示出对心肌细胞增殖的促进作用,其中木犀草素组和金合欢素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷组OD值明显升高,且与对照组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:木犀草素、金合欢素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷具有显著的促进心肌细胞H9c2增殖的作用。     

恩诺沙星诱导施氏鲟药物性肝损伤模型的建立及复方中草药保肝作用研究

为探究复方中草药对施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii药物性肝损伤的保护作用,通过建立恩诺沙星肝损伤模型,在水温(15.5±1)℃下对3组自组中草药复方的保肝作用进行了筛选比较研究,试验设5组,对空白对照组及模型对照组1+龄施氏鲟以每天2%体质量投喂基础饲料,对3组复方中草药组施氏鲟投喂相应中草药药饵,试验进行至第11天时,复方中草药组及模型对照组分别口灌160 mg/kg(体质量)恩诺沙星,连续10 d,空白对照组以等量双蒸水代替,口灌期间各组仍按原方式继续投喂(基础饲料或药饵),试验结束后,测定各组血清中与肝损伤相关的活性物质含量及酶活性,并观察肝组织病理变化情况。结果表明:与空白对照组相比,模型对照组供试鲟血清中T-AOC能力显著下降(P<0.05),T-SOD活力极显著下降(P<0.01),ALT、AST活力和MDA含量极显著上升(P<0.01),肝组织切片显示,器质性病变明显,肝损伤建模成功;3组复方中草药均可升高供试鲟血清中T-SOD活力、T-AOC能力,降低MDA含量和AST、ALT活力;供试鲟血清生化指标同其肝组织病理变化趋势相吻合。研究表明,3组复方中草药均能有效减轻恩诺沙星致施氏鲟肝细胞损伤,并对肝细胞恢复起到积极作用,尤其复方三中草药效果明显。     

施氏鲟抗热应激中草药免疫制剂的筛选

为筛选适用于鲟使用的抗热应激中草药免疫制剂,研究了中草药方剂对常温及高温应激情况下施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii Brandt免疫性能的影响。在22℃养殖水温下,将1~+龄施氏鲟分为4个受试组,每组设两个平行,每个平行放30尾鲟,选取当归、鱼腥草和一种自组中草药复方(方四),分别以0.30、0.54、0.80 g/kg(体质量)的给药剂量对试验鲟口灌给药,每日1次,连续给药14 d,同时设立口灌蒸馏水的对照组;停药24 h后,每组取半数试验鲟于高温30℃下热刺激2 h后,与常温试验组共同采样,对试验鲟血清中蛋白含量、细胞吞噬和不同组织中溶菌酶活性进行测定。结果表明:方四和鱼腥草能有效抑制机体高温应激后血清中蛋白含量的异常增高;常温情况下,当归具有提高试验鲟细胞吞噬功能的作用;而方四不仅可以有效提高高温应激后机体的细胞吞噬作用,还可有效提高肝、血清、鳃和胃组织中的溶菌酶活性,并能在高温应激后保持其效果。研究表明,高温应激情况下,方四能有效保持施氏鲟机体内环境平衡,并促进机体细胞的吞噬作用和溶菌酶活性,可作为鲟抗热应激中草药免疫制剂进行深入研究。     

Occurrence of sulfonamide and tetracycline-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in aquaculture environment

The occurrence of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance and their pollution profile in the aquaculture environment of Tianjin, northern China, were investigated. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was identified and the corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were quantified at 6 aquaculture farms in Tianjin. Sulfonamide-resistance genes were prevalent and their concentrations were the highest detected (3.0 × 10⁻⁵ to 3.3 × 10⁻⁴ for sul1/16S rDNA, 2.0 × 10⁻⁴ to 1.8 × 10⁻³ for sul2/16S rDNA) among the various ARGs, most likely because the use of sulfonamides is more prevalent than tetracyclines in this area. Bacillus was the most dominant bacterial genus in both sulfamethoxazole resistant bacteria (63.27% of the total resistant bacteria) and tetracycline-resistant bacteria (57.14% of the total resistant bacteria). At least two of those genes (tetM, tetO, tetT, tetW, sul1 and sul2) were detected in the isolates of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Acinetobacter lwofii, and all of the above genes were detected in B. cereus, suggesting the occurrence of multi-resistance in the studied area. The genetic transfer of sul1 between intestinal bacteria (e.g., Enterococcus spp.) and indigenous bacteria (e.g., Bacillus spp.) was implied by phylogenetic analysis. Several strains of resistant opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Acinetobacter spp.) were found in indigenous bacteria, which increase the risk of ARGs to public health. Overall, this is the first study to comprehensively investigate the antibiotic resistance profile by analyzing the species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and adopting qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate ARGs at a typical aquaculture area in northern China.     

Corrosion by bacteria of concrete in sewerage systems and inhibitory effects of formates on their growth

Not only sulfur-oxidizing bacteria but also an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium (or bacteria) were found in the corroded concrete from several sewerage systems in Japan. The surface pH of concrete test piece exposed to an atmosphere containing hydrogen sulfide of the concentrations more than 600 ppm in the systems was usually below 2 after a month. This was attributable to ability of the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria to grow in the thin water layer which contained hydrogen sulfide and covered the piece even when the surface pH of concrete was 12-13. When the sulfuroxidizing bacteria grew in the surface of concrete and produced sulfuric acid, the pH of the inner parts of concrete was lowered where the bacteria were hardly found. Probably, sulfuric acid formed by the bacteria in the surface parts penetrated into the inner parts. The different species of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were found in different sewerage systems. The growth of the sulfur-oxidizing and acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria was completely inhibited by formates, especially by calcium formate of concentrations more than 50 mM. Calcium formate can protect concrete in sewerage systems from bacterial corrosion.     

用两种ELISA方法快速检测大菱鲆细菌性出血性败血症的病原菌

以大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus出血性败血症病原菌迟钝爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella tarda为抗原,从免疫家兔体内获得高免疫血清,建立快速检测大菱鲆出血性败血症病原迟钝爱德华氏菌的间接ELISA技术。采用棋盘滴定法确定间接ELISA抗原和抗血清的最适工作浓度分别为107个/mL和1∶20 000;最低检测菌浓度为104个/mL;抗血清与其他细菌标准菌株的交叉反应结果均为阴性,表明该方法具有较高的特异性。将该方法优化后检测了19尾人工感染出血性败血症并发病的大菱鲆和19尾健康的大菱鲆,阳性检测率分别为89.5%和的10.5%。同时在间接ELISA方法的基础上建立竞争ELISA检测技术,结果表明:理想的包被抗原浓度为107个/mL,兔抗血清的工作浓度为1∶20 000,酶标抗体工作浓度为1∶1 000,可测最适范围为2×105²×108个/mL,最低检测菌浓度为2×105个/mL,得到回归方程y=-0.3811x+2.2335,R2=0.992。     

Results of in situ stress measurements and their application to mining design at five Chinese metal mines

This paper reports on the measuring techniques and results of in situ stress measurements at five Chinese metal mines. The measurements illustrate the features of the in situ stress state at the five mines which are located in different regions in China. Application of the stress measurement results to mining design in the five mines is also presented.     

基于 Hibernate 的中药方剂数据库设计与实现

目的：实现全面、高效的中药和方剂数据库检索系统;方法：应用 Hibernate 框架的 ORM 映射机制,建立中 药和方剂实体模型,建立相应的数据库;结论：该系统能够实现药与方剂数据库跨库查询和数值统计,为方剂数据库挖掘 提供了基础。     

Influence of liquid holding recovery and photoreactivation on survival of ultraviolet-irradiated fish pathogenic bacteria

Survival of the fish pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum, and Yersinia ruckeri, when subjected to various post-u.v. irradiation treatments, was investigated in a laboratory model system. In A. salmonicida, 99.9% inactivation doses had to be increased from (a) 3.2 mWscm⁻² in the case of no post-irradiation recovery treatment to (b) 8.1 mWscm⁻² if liquid holding in nutrient-free buffer in the dark for 48 h was applied before plating, (c) 9.5 mWscm⁻² with visible light illumination at 1500 lx for 8 h and (d) 10.6 mWscm⁻² with illumination followed by liquid holding. The corresponding figures for V. anguillarum were 2.8, 8.1, 6.3 and 13.4 mWscm⁻² and for Y. ruckeri 1.2, 5.3, 4.9 and 8.5 mWscm⁻². On combined treatment, the latter two species showed distinct plateaus of no or very low sensitivities to increased irradiation doses, while this feature was not evident in A. salmonicida. Complete liquid holding recovery demanded from 48 to more than 72 h at 22°C, while photoreactivation was completed within 4–6 h in all three species at the same temperature. If illumination intensity was reduced from 1500 to 150 lx, recovery time was approximately doubled in A. salmonicida. During post-irradiation dark incubation photoreactivating capacity was lost within approximately 15 h. It is concluded that the potential of fish pathogenic bacteria for liquid holding recovery and photoreactivation should be taken into consideration when assessing the efficiency of u.v. disinfection of aquacultural water. Particular concern should be aimed at recovery processes after discharge to recipient water.     

Concepts of a survival and transport model of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in groundwater

For the assessment of the transport of bacteria and viruses in groundwater and for the interpretation of the available data, certain controlling factors should be determined. The survival time of bacteria and viruses in groundwater is different for the specific species and for the specific groundwater environment (temperature, groundwater chemistry and autochthonic population of microorganisms). The survival time depends on the specific elimination rate in a certain environment and on the initial concentration of the pollutants. The underground transport of the microorganisms which may be described by the general transport equation, must consider dispersion, adsorption and biological elimination. Since there is a wide range of variation in the available data, model calculations of the transport are necessary. Furthermore the effects of filtration and suffosion are considered to be of importance.     

Fate and microbiological effects of furazolidone in a marine aquaculture sediment.

Furazolidone is used in the treatment of bacterial diseases in farmed fish. During application a large proportion of the administered drug reaches the environment directly or via feces. The persistence and metabolism of furazolidone in sediment from a Norwegian salmon farm is described. Furazolidone, in contrast to oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid, is actively metabolized by microorganisms in the sediment. The main metabolite is 3-(4-cyano-2-oxobutylidene-amino)-2-oxazolidone. This is a well known metabolite of the degradation of furazolidone in mammals, fish and Escherichia coli. 3-(4-Cyano-2-oxobutylideneamino)-2- oxazolidone had no detectable antibacterial activity. The half-life of furazolidone in the sediment at 4 degrees C was calculated to be 18 h.