胶料自粘性的测定方法及增粘树脂TKM系列的性能评价

简要介绍了增粘剂的种类、烷基增粘树脂的增粘机理,推荐一种胶料自粘性的测定方法,并将改性多元烷基酚醛树脂ＴＫＭ系列与现在通行的几种增粘树脂进行近理性粘性、实用胶料物理性能与粘性的试验对比。结果表明,增粘树脂ＴＫＭ系列产品可显提高胶料的粘性,增粘效果与粘性保持性能与对叔丁基苯酚－乙炔树脂相当,优于对叔丁基苯酚－甲醛树脂和对特辛基苯酚－甲醛树脂,具有长效、耐湿、高增粘特性。     

增粘树脂在轮胎胶料中的应用对比研究

对比研究了几种国内外超级增粘树脂和辛基酚醛增粘树脂分别在半钢子午线轮胎子口护胶胶料、胎侧胶胶料中应用。结果表明,增粘树脂的加入均能在保持混炼胶硫化性能、硫化胶物理机械性能的基础上,大幅提高相应混炼胶的表面粘性和粘性保持性,混炼胶门尼粘度有所降低,加工性能得到改善;国内外增粘树脂对胶料的增粘效果、粘性保持性能基本相当,可以互相替代使用。     

增粘树脂及其在橡胶中的作用机理

介绍增粘树脂的种类和特征及其在橡胶中的作用机理、粘性测试方法以及影响增粘效果的因素。增粘树脂按其来源和合成路线可以分为天然系列树脂(松香、松香衍生物和萜烯树脂)和合成系列树脂(聚合树脂和缩合树脂),其粘性测试方法主要有滚球法和剥离法两种。在橡胶材料加工和生产过程中,正确选择和使用增粘树脂时需要考虑树脂本身的分子结构及其与橡胶的相容性、树脂的相对分子质量、游离单体含量以及树脂用量等。     

充气轮胎配方设计 第7讲 轮胎胶料的增粘

充气轮胎配方设计第７讲轮胎胶料的增粘朱红（化工部北京橡胶工业研究设计院１０００３９）在橡胶工业生产中，粘性是半成品胶件成型时的必备性能。天然橡胶（ＮＲ）具有良好的粘性，因而工艺性能良好，但资源有限。合成橡胶（ＳＲ）虽有耐磨、耐老化等优异性能，但因粘性...     

增粘树脂BHK-1360在农业子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究增粘树脂BHK-1360在农业子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明：胎面胶中添加增粘树脂BHK-1360后,胶料的门尼焦烧时间以及F_L,F_max,t₁₀和t₉₀变化不大;硫化胶的拉断伸长率、撕裂强度、自粘性、耐磨性能提高,耐老化性能较好;成品轮胎胎面胶物理性能和耐久性能显著提高。     

超级增粘树脂PF7001在胎肩垫胶中的应用研究

研究了国产超级增粘树脂PF7001对胎肩垫胶力学性能、动态力学性能以及自粘性的影响。结果表明,PF7001树脂的软化点高,灰分含量低,其它各项检测指标与Koresin树脂相当;使用PF7001树脂的胶料物理机械性能与使用Koresin树脂的胶料相当;使用PF7001树脂的胶料耐老化性能更好,动态力学性能更佳,但是其自粘性稍差。     

新型低生热增粘树脂的合成及应用性能分析

针对普遍使用增粘树脂存在的应用缺陷,通过研究增粘机理、生热机理和改性剂选择,采用分子设计,开发成功了新型低生热增粘树脂产品。应用性能测试结果表明,该产品不仅具有较强的增粘性能,而且生热性能和耐老化性能表现良好。     

谈谈压敏胶粘带初粘性的测试

胶粘剂的初粘性，尤其是压敏胶粘带的初粘性能，对压敏胶粘带的实用性能关系颇大。用现行国标为代表的斜面滚球法测试压敏胶粘带的初粘性，可以对胶粘带生产的质量控制起到很好的作用，但用它直接探索胶粘剂的初粘性是有缺陷的。本文分析了其中的原因，介绍了几种国外新的压敏胶粘带初粘性测试仪器，并提出了对初粘性国标将来修订时的改进建议。     

增粘树脂T5600在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用

试验研究增粘树脂T5600在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用。结果表明,以增粘树脂T5600等量替代增粘树脂T0411用于胎圈耐磨胶中,能够提高硫化胶的硬度和定伸应力,降低生热;用于胎肩垫胶中,可以提高硫化胶的弹性,改善胶料的自粘性,降低生热。成品轮胎的耐久性能提高。     

几种增粘树脂在半钢子午线轮胎胶料中的应用

对比研究几种国内外辛基酚醛增粘树脂和超级增粘树脂分别在半钢子午线轮胎胎侧胶和胎圈护胶中的应用。结果表明:加入增粘树脂后,胶料的门尼粘度减小,硫化速度加快,对硫化胶的物理性能无不利影响,表面粘性明显提高;国内外增粘树脂的增粘效果和粘性保持性能基本相当,可以互相替代使用。     

无毒型乒乓球拍用胶粘剂的研制

系统研究了橡胶、溶剂、增粘剂对无毒型乒乓球拍用胶粘剂各种性能的影响。结果表明对天然橡胶进行预处理 ,降低其分子量可有效提高胶粘剂的粘接强度 ;选择无毒混合溶剂和适当增粘剂可得到性能优良的无毒型乒乓球拍用胶粘剂。     

Effect of tackifiers on mechanical and dynamic properties of carbon‐black‐filled NR vulcanizates

This work focuses on the effect of tackifiers on mechanical and dynamic properties of carbon‐black‐filled vulcanizates. Three types of tackifiers with difference in softening points are selected for study including petroleum resin, phenolic resin, and gum rosin. The effect of tackifiers on the retardation of vulcanization is observed and the changes in mechanical properties due to the reduction in crosslink density are correlated. Good compatibility between natural rubber and all three tackifiers is verified by a single tan‐delta peak detected for each vulcanizate in temperature ramp test. A similar behavior to the Payne effect which usually found in the case of particulate‐filled rubbers is observed for the tackifier‐filled counterparts. The variation of temperature plays a crucial role in the dynamic behavior of tackified vulcanizates since the state of tackifiers determines its function during dynamic straining. As temperature passed through the softening point of a particular tackifier, substantial reduction in elastic response is observed; however, its relative damping to the untackified may still be maintained. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Effect of natural and synthetic tackifiers on viscosities,adhesion properties and thermal stability of SNR and DPNR solution adhesives

Styrene-grafted natural rubber (SNR) and deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) latexes were formulated with coumarone-indene (CI), gum rosin and petro resin (PR) tackifiers into solution adhesives with toluene as a solvent. The solution viscosities were evaluated by a Brookfield viscometer DV-II Plus with spindle No. 3. Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) films were made and the adhesion properties were evaluated with loop tack, peel strength and shear strength tests. Thermal stability of the film was evaluated via Perkin-Elmer Pyris 6^TM thermogravimetric analysis at temperatures ranging from 30 to 600?°C at a heating rate of 10?°C per minute in nitrogen environment. Results indicate that as the tackifiers content increased, the solution viscosities increased with SNR/PR and DPNR/PR formulations showing the highest viscosities. Adhesion test also indicates that loop tack and peel strength of the adhesive solution increased but their shear strength decreased; increase of CI tackifier loadings conferred the highest peel strength for both SNR- and DPNR-based PSAs. Thermal analyses show that the addition of 40 phr CI tackifiers improved thermal stability of SNR adhesives based on their higher T_max and integral procedural decomposition temperature properties.     

Influence of the vinyl acetate content and the tackifier nature on the rheological,thermal, and adhesion properties of EVA adhesives

Three ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers with different vinyl acetate (VA) contents (28-40 wt%) were mixed with rosin ester and polyterpene resin tackifiers in a 1 : 1 (weight/weight) ratio. The rheological and thermal properties of the tackifiers were determined and the use of rheological measurements as a precise way to measure the softening point of the tackifiers is proposed. The glass transition temperature of the tackifiers was obtained from the second heating run, after the thermal history of the tackifiers was removed. The addition of the rosin ester to EVA produced a compatible mixture, whereas for the terpene resin a less compatible mixture was obtained. The increase in the VAamount decreased the crystallinity of EVAand both the storage and the loss moduli also decreased, but the peel strength and the immediate adhesion were increased. The immediate adhesion of EVA/tackifier blends was affected by both the compatibility and the rheological properties of the blends. In fact, a relationship between the mechanical storage modulus (E^t′) - obtained from DMTA experiments - of the adhesives and the immediate adhesion to thin rubber substrates was obtained. The adhesives containing the T tackifier showed higher moduli than those containing the G tackifier, and therefore higher peel strength values were obtained. An increase in the VA content increased the flexibility of the adhesives and thus a decrease in peel strength was obtained.     

Effect of Testing Rate on Adhesion Properties of Benzoyl-Peroxide-Cured ENR 25/NBR Blend Adhesive Using Gum Rosin and Coumarone-Indene Resin as Tackifiers

Dependence of adhesion properties of benzoyl-peroxide-cured epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blend adhesive on testing rate was systematically studied. Coumarone-indene resin and gum rosin were used as tackifiers. Toluene was used as solvent throughout the study. The SHEEN hand coater was used to coat the adhesive on polyethylene terephthalate at 30 and 120 µm coating thickness. The adhesion properties were measured by a Lloyd adhesion tester operating at different rates of testing. Results showed that the loop tack, peel strength, and shear strength increased with increasing testing rate, an observation that was attributed to the viscoelastic nature of adhesive. In all cases, the adhesion properties of the adhesives also increased with increasing coating thickness.     

Probing the viscoelastic properties of brominated isobutylene‐co‐p‐methylstyrene rubber/tackifier blends using a rubber process analyzer

The viscoelastic behavior of brominated isobutylene‐co‐p‐methylstyrene (BIMS) rubber/hydrocarbon resin blends and BIMS/phenol formaldehyde resin blends was studied with the use of a rubber process analyzer. Dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the compatibility between the BIMS/tackifier blends. Strain sweep tests at temperature below the softening point of the tackifiers showed the formation of resin–resin networks in the incompatible BIMS/phenolic resin blends. However, resin–resin network was not prominent in the case of the compatible BIMS/hydrocarbon resin blends. Frequency sweep tests were performed at the strain amplitude within the linear region at several temperatures and the variations of shear storage modulus, G′ and complex viscosity, η* against frequency were recorded. The tackifying resins modified the viscoelastic properties of the BIMS rubber by reducing the storage modulus at lower frequency and by increasing the storage modulus at higher frequencies. However, this action was found to be highly dependent on (a) rubber‐tackifier compatibility, (b) blend proportions, and (c) test temperature. Furthermore, stress relaxation measurements of the BIMS/tackifier blends at temperature below the softening point of the tackifiers showed longer period of relaxation for the incompatible BIMS/phenolic resin blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Synthesis and characterization of hydrogenated sorbic acid grafted dicyclopentadiene tackifier

Hydrocarbon resins, which are defined as low molecular weight, amorphous, and thermoplastic polymers, are widely used as tackifier for various types of adhesives, as processing aids in rubber compounds, and as modifiers for paint and ink products, and for plastics polymers such as isotactic polypropylene. Typically, hydrocarbon resins are non-polar, and thus highly compatible with non-polar rubbers and polymer. However, they are poorly compatible with polar system, such as acrylic copolymer, polyurethanes, and polyamides. Moreover, recently the raw materials of tackifier from naphtha cracking had been decreased because of light feed cracking such as gas cracking. To overcome this problem, in this study, novel hydrocarbon resins were designed to have a highly polar chemical structure. And, it was synthesized by Diels–Alder reaction of dicyclopentadiene monomer and sorbic acid from blueberry as renewable resources. Acrylic resins were formulated with various tackifiers solution including hydrogenated sorbic acid grafted dicyclopentadiene tackifier in acrylic adhesive and rolling ball tack, loop tack, 180° peel adhesion strength, and shear adhesion strength were measured. The properties depend on the softening point and polar content of tackifiers.     

Effect of molecular weight of epoxidized‐natural rubber on viscosity and tack of pressure‐sensitive adhesives

The effect of molecular weight of rubber on viscosity and loop tack of rubber‐adhesives were studied using two grades of epoxidized‐natural rubber, i.e., ENR 25 and ENR 50. Coumarone–indene resin, gum rosin, and petro resin were used as tackifiers. Toluene was used as the solvent throughout the experiment. The adhesive was coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate using a SHEEN hand coater. Viscosity was determined by a HAAKE Rotary Viscometer, whereas loop tack was measured by a Llyod Adhesion Tester operating at 10 cm/min. Results show that viscosity increases gradually upto a critical molecular weight of 6.8 × 10⁴ and 3.9 × 10⁴ for ENR 25 and ENR 50, respectively, before a rapid increase in viscosity is observed. Loop tack indicates maximum value at the respective critical molecular weights for the three tackifiers investigated suggesting the culmination of wettability. For both rubbers, loop tack increases with coating thickness due to the concentration effect of adhesive. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Dependence of Adhesion Properties of Cross-linked Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR 25)-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives on Benzoyl Peroxide Loading in the Presence of Gum Rosin and Petroresin Tackifiers

The effect of benzoyl peroxide loading on the adhesion properties of cross-linked epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25)-based adhesives was studied using gum rosin and petroresin as tackifiers. Toluene and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were used as solvent and coating substrate, respectively. The adhesion properties were determined by a Lloyd adhesion tester operating at 30 cm min^?1. Results indicate that the loop tack and peel strength of gum rosin and petroresin pass through a maximum value at 2 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) and 3 phr benzoyl peroxide concentration, respectively, an observation which is attributed to the optimum cross-linking of ENR 25 where optimum, cohesive and adhesive strength is obtained. The shear strength, however, increases steadily with increasing benzoyl peroxide loading due to the steady increase in the cohesive strength. At the optimum benzoyl peroxide concentration, the petroresin-based adhesive consistently exhibits higher adhesion properties compared to that of gum rosin-based adhesives. The adhesion properties of both adhesive systems increase with increasing coating thickness.     

Characterization of eva-based adhesives containing different amounts of rosin ester or polyterpene tackifier

Different amounts (50-170 php--parts per hundred parts of EVA, 33-63 wt%) of two tackifiers (hydrogenated rosin ester, polyterpene resin) were added to an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer containing 28 wt% vinyl acetate. The EVA and the tackifier were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, DSC measurements, and stress-controlled plate-plate rheology. The properties and compatibility of the EVA-tackifier mixtures were studied using DSC, DMTA, and stress-controlled plate-plate rheology. Immediate adhesion was measured as a quantification of tack, and the T-peel strength of roughened styrene-butadiene rubber/EVA-tackifier adhesive joints was also obtained. The increase in the amount of tackifier noticeably changed the crystallinity of polyethylene blocks in the EVA, and the temperature at the cross-over between the curves of the storage and loss moduli as a function of the temperature was displaced to a lower value. Whereas the hydrogenated rosin ester was compatible with the amorphous ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer regions of the EVA (Tg value increased) reducing its crystallinity, the polyterpene resin was compatible with the polyethylene blocks of the EVA (T g value was not modified), increasing its crystallinity. Immediate adhesion of the EVA-tackifier mixtures was improved by adding both hydrogenated rosin ester and polyterpene tackifiers. On the other hand, there was an optimum tackifier content at which the maximum T-peel strength value was obtained.