氧化铬对菱镁矿风化石制备堇青石材料的影响

本研究以辽南地区菱镁矿风化石、工业氧化铝、二氧化硅微粉为原料制备堇青石材料,研究分析氧化铬对制备堇青石材料中晶相、晶胞参数、晶相含量及显微结构的影响.用XRD和SEM表征各试样中的晶相和显微结构;用X' Pert Plus软件对晶相的晶胞参数和晶相含量进行分析.结果表明:以菱镁矿风化石为原料经过1350℃烧成可以制备出以堇青石为主晶相的堇青石材料.氧化铬与堇青石形成有限的固溶体,当氧化铬加入量为0.8％时,堇青石晶格常数及晶胞体积都最大;小于1.2％的氧化铬的加入会降低了系统中晶相的含量,当氧化铬加入量大于1.2％时,系统中晶相的含量随着氧化铬加入量的增加而逐渐增大.     

利用煤矸石制备堇青石多孔陶瓷

为了综合利用煤矸石,以煤矸石、滑石等为原料,按堇青石的理论组成配料,分别外加质量分数为0、5%、10%、15%、20%的活性炭粉为造孔剂,在1 400℃下分别保温3和6 h烧结后制备了堇青石多孔陶瓷,通过检测显气孔率和常温抗折强度及其显微结构分析探讨了其合成工艺制度。结果表明:利用煤矸石为主原料,外加5%(w)的活性炭为造孔剂,在1 400℃下保温6 h可以合成性能优良的堇青石多孔陶瓷。所合成的堇青石多孔陶瓷的抗折强度为29.1 MPa,显气孔率为39.8%;显微结构分析显示,该多孔陶瓷中以堇青石相为骨架,内部形成了贯通气孔的多孔结构。     

不同铁源对制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷的影响

以SiO2粉、Al2 O3粉、MgO粉为原料,Fe2 O3、FeCl3和Fe2(NO3)3为外加剂,在空气气氛下经1400℃3 h烧成制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷,研究以不同铁源做外加剂对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷的物相组成、显微结构和孔径分布的影响.采用XRD和SEM对烧成后试样进行物相组成分析和显微结构检测.结果表明:Fe2 O3作为外加剂时,堇青石晶粒呈短柱状且排布方向一致,并且显微结构中有少量的微裂纹,孔径在5μm处出现分布峰值;而FeCl3和Fe2(NO3)3为外加剂时,显微结构中熔融相较多,堇青石颗粒部分呈短柱状,且部分晶粒排布方向不一致.     

菱镁矿粒度对堇青石陶瓷烧结性能的影响

以菱镁矿、高岭土和石英为主要原料,采用固相反应法制备了堇青石陶瓷。采用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM能谱分析等方法,研究了菱镁矿粒度对堇青石陶瓷烧结性能的影响以及堇青石合成过程的反应机理。结果表明,降低菱镁矿的粒度可以有效降低堇青石陶瓷的烧成温度;在该体系中,堇青石陶瓷的烧成受固相扩散传质控制,降低原料粒度可以促进堇青石陶瓷的烧成。     

碳铬渣合成堇青石的反应机理及结构表征

以高碳铬铁合金渣、工业氧化铝粉和硅微粉为主要原料,通过高温固相法合成制备堇青石。利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等研究了烧成温度、保温时间对堇青石材料结晶度、晶粒尺寸、晶相组成和显微结构的影响规律。结果表明:样品中堇青石主要由镁橄榄石进一步反应生成,其最佳烧结制度为1 350℃,保温3 h,堇青石含量在87%左右;随着烧结温度和保温时间升高,样品相对结晶度降低,堇青石晶粒尺寸则逐渐增加,晶胞参数沿a轴晶向轴方向增大,c轴方向减小,晶胞体积变大。铬元素固溶进堇青石晶格是使其晶胞参数变化的主要原因。     

石棉尾渣和粉煤灰制备堇青石多孔陶瓷及其理化性能

低成本制备堇青石多孔陶瓷一直是专家学者们研究的热点,本文以石棉尾渣、粉煤灰、高岭土为原料,在不添加发泡剂的情况下,采用直接烧结法成功制备了堇青石多孔陶瓷,系统研究了堇青石多孔陶瓷的物相演化、显微结构及理化性能。结果表明:烧结温度的升高和配方中高岭土含量的增加有助于样品中堇青石的合成,高岭土的添加可以有效降低样品发泡的温度和提高样品的孔隙率;当烧结温度为1 240 ℃,焙烧后的石棉尾渣、焙烧后的粉煤灰和高岭土质量比为5∶5∶3时,制备的堇青石多孔陶瓷的体积密度仅为0.6 g/cm³,孔隙率高达76.94%;当烧结温度为1 220 ℃,焙烧后的石棉尾渣、焙烧后的粉煤灰和高岭土质量比为5∶5∶5时,制备的堇青石多孔陶瓷吸水率达到最大值34.57%;此外,制备的堇青石多孔陶瓷还表现出良好的耐碱性能。     

镍渣制备多孔堇青石陶瓷的研究

以镍渣、Al_2O_3和SiO_2为原料,按偏镁铝方案确定堇青石的组成,无需添加额外的烧结助剂和造孔剂,成功制备出多孔堇青石陶瓷。测定了试样的显气孔率、抗弯强度和热膨胀系数,用XRD分析了试样在烧结过程中的物相变化,并用SEM观察其断面的显微结构。结果表明:在1200~1380℃保温4 h,制备的多孔陶瓷的显气孔率为38.13~31.39%,抗弯强度为25.53~32.54 MPa,热膨胀系数为3.17×10~(-6)~1.43×10~(-6)/℃,且其主晶相为堇青石。SEM图谱显示多孔堇青石陶瓷中堇青石晶体呈六方棱柱状,还存在大量孔洞。     

用粉煤灰和菱镁矿低温制备堇青石质多孔材料

在粉煤灰中添加不同比例菱镁矿,于1 200、1 250℃和1 300℃烧成温度下制备出堇青石质多孔耐火材料。研究表明：菱镁矿在烧成过程中于700℃分解产生CO2,起到造孔剂和发泡剂的作用,分解生成的MgO将与粉煤灰中的Al2O3、SiO2反应生成堇青石;随着菱镁矿添加量的增加,粉煤灰中Al2O3和SiO2与MgO的反应更完全,主要生成堇青石和少量镁橄榄石;当菱镁矿添加量过多时,新生成的MgO与粉煤灰中SiO2反应,产生液相过多,造成部分气孔封闭,使得烧成后试样的显气孔率随菱镁矿添加量的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势。优化烧成工艺条件为1250℃并保温3h,当菱镁矿添加量为15%（质量分数）时,制备出显气孔率达48%、孔径为20～40μm、体积密度为1.27g/cm3、抗压强度为38MPa、抗折强度为29MPa的堇青石质多孔材料。     

菱苦土对轻烧白云石制备碱式硫酸镁水泥影响的研究

采用内掺法,在以轻烧白云石粉为原料制备的碱式硫酸镁水泥(basic magnesium sulfate cement,BMSC)中添加不同掺量轻烧菱镁矿粉,并通过研究其凝结时间、抗压强度、抗折强度、流动度、水泥放热速率等,结合XRD、SEM分析其水化产物组成、微观形貌,分析轻烧菱镁矿粉的掺量对以轻烧白云石粉为原料制备的BMSC的影响.实验现象表明,在以轻烧白云石粉为原料制备的BMSC中添加轻烧菱镁矿粉能有效提高抗压强度和抗折强度,缩短凝结时间,提高其耐水性能,但其流动度下降.     

高强度堇青石-莫来石棚板的研制

以堇青石(1～0.5、0.5～0.2、<0.088 mm)和莫来石熟料(M60,1～0.5 mm)为主要原料,加入25%(w)的由轻烧MgO粉、α-Al2O3微粉及添加剂(紫木节和KOH)组成的混合粉,按堇青石与莫来石的质量比分别为40:35、42.5:32.5和45:30配料、混练、成型后,分别在1 300、1 350和1 400℃均保温3 h条件下烧成,合成出堇青石-莫来石质棚板试样,并检测试样的常温及高温物理性能,同时进行XRD、SEM及EDS分析.结果表明:按m(堇青石):m(莫来石)=45:30配料,在1 350℃ 3 h合成的棚板材料的各项性能指标最好,其主要晶相为堇青石和莫来石,且显微结构均匀,晶间生成大量的原位堇青石和莫来石晶粒,骨料之间的"联接桥"发育良好,材料具有较高的抗折强度.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997