双环笼状磷酸酯类膨胀阻燃聚丙烯的研究

以笔者自行合成的两种双环笼状磷酸酯Trimer和PEPA(其结构见正文)为基的膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃PP，测定了阻燃PP的加，和UL-94阻燃性能，并利用锥形量热仪(CONE)测试了其释热速率(HRR)、总释热量(THR)、质量损失速率(MLR)、生烟量及有毒气体释放量等多种燃烧参数。阻燃PP与纯PP相比，HRR、THR及MLR分别降低约70％、60％及50％。     

采用TGA/FT-IR分析聚丙烯复合材料的热氧化降解行为

传统的热塑性聚丙烯(PP)拥有优异的机械性能、良好的结晶性、易于加工、价格便宜等优点被广泛应用于诸多领域,但易燃性阻碍其应用。开发阻燃性PP复合材料及对其阻燃机理的认识是解决PP易燃性的关键科学问题之一。采用热失重(TGA)、热重-红外联用(TGA/FT-IR)的方法研究了阻燃PP的热氧化降解行为及阻燃机理。实验结果表明,改性的有机膦酸锆阻燃剂的加入没有对PP的热稳定性产生明显影响,而提高了PP燃烧后残碳层的热稳定性,减少了燃烧过程中可燃性气体的排放速率和释放量,减少了有毒有害气体的释放量和速率,有效地提高了PP复合材料的阻燃性能及安全性能。     

碳酸镍对PP/MPP/PEPA膨胀阻燃体系的协同作用

以碳酸镍(NC)为阻燃协效剂,采用多聚磷酸蜜胺(MPP)和笼状季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)复配阻燃剂,制备了具有良好阻燃性能的无卤阻燃聚丙烯(PP/IFR)。研究了NC用量对PP阻燃性能的影响,并分析了其阻燃协同作用机理。结果表明,添加少量的NC即可显著提高PP的阻燃性能;当NC添加量为3%时,阻燃PP的氧指数高达37.5%。TGA、FT-IR分析和体式显微镜、SEM观测结果表明,添加NC可以催化MPP/PEPA间的酯化反应,形成更多的交联网络结构,促进PP/IFR体系成炭,形成更致密的炭层,从而提高材料的阻燃性能。     

新型膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃聚丙烯的应用研究

以三氯硫磷、无水乙醇、对苯二胺为原料所合成的新型含磷、硫、氮的膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR),1,4-(O,O-二乙基硫代磷酰亚胺基)苯(DTPB)对聚丙烯(PP)进行阻燃,用热重法(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对阻燃PP的热性能进行了研究,利用氧指数仪测定了阻燃PP的极限氧指数(LOI)值,当阻燃剂含量为28%,LOI值为37.8%,并应用扫描电镜(SEM)对阻燃聚丙烯(FRPP)的残炭结构进行了研究,结果表明,该阻燃剂能够促进PP的成炭性,具有优良的阻燃PP性能。     

可膨胀石墨的功能化改性及其在阻燃聚丙烯中的应用

研究了1种有机协效阻燃剂(OSF)表面功能化可膨胀石墨(EG)及其在阻燃聚丙烯(PP)中的应用。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、极限氧指数(LOI)、UL-94垂直燃烧、热失重分析(TG)和差示扫描量热(DSC)等表征方法对EG的功能化效果、阻燃PP复合材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性、结晶行为与力学性能进行了研究。结果表明OSF成功地接枝到了EG表面。改性后的EG是1种有效的阻燃剂,能显著提高PP的阻燃性能,其阻燃性能达UL-94V0级。改性EG的加入,PP的热稳定性得到改善,高温时的残炭量增加。改性EG对PP有异相成核作用,PP结晶温度向高温方向偏移。阻燃剂的加入劣化了PP的力学性能,且随着其含量的增加而逐渐降低。     

阻燃型PA6／PP／硅灰石复合材料的制备及阻燃机理研究

采用固相力化学方法制备的聚丙烯接枝羟甲基丙烯酰胺作增容剂，以高效低毒的三聚氰胺三聚氰酸盐（MCA）作阻燃剂制备了阻燃型硅灰石填充尼龙6/聚丙烯复合材料，该复合材料具有很好的力学和阻燃性能，当MCA与聚合物质量比为10%时，该复合材料的极限氧指数达到31，拉抻强度为54.1MPa，悬臂梁缺口冲击强度为59.7J/m。通过TG和FT-IR分析对阻燃机理作了初步的探讨。     

磷腈衍生物大分子阻燃剂的合成及在聚丙烯中的应用

以六氯环三磷腈与1-氧基磷杂-4-羟甲基-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷(PEPA)为原料,合成出一种磷腈衍生物阻燃剂六(1-氧代-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷-4-亚甲基)环三磷腈(PEPAP)。通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征了PEPAP的化学结构。熔融共混法构建PEPAP/聚丙烯(PP)阻燃体系并考察其热稳定性和阻燃性能。热重分析表明,PEPAP在N2中初始热分解温度为312℃,800℃时残炭率为34%。阻燃性能测试表明,当PEPAP质量分数为25%时体系的氧指数达29.4%,且体系能够通过UL94 V-0级。红外光谱和扫描电镜结果显示体系残炭炭层完整致密且含有磷酸酯类结构,表明PEPAP是固相阻燃机理。     

无卤阻燃抗静电聚丙烯复合材料的研究

采用无卤膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)和导电炭黑(CB)对聚丙烯(PP)进行阻燃抗静电改性,制备得到了无卤阻燃抗静电聚丙烯复合材料,研究了无卤膨胀阻燃剂与导电炭黑之间的相互作用关系。结果表明,IFR能有效提高PP的阻燃性能,但会影响CB粒子之间的相互接触,降低其导电效率;CB能有效提高PP的抗静电性能,改善其阻燃性能,但会降低IFR在PP中的阻燃效果;CB能提高PP在低温区的热稳定性,但CB具有高热传导性,会产生"灯芯效应",加快PP的分解。当CB含量为6份,IFR含量为30份时,无卤阻燃抗静电聚丙烯复合材料的LOI为28%,表面电阻率为8.70×105Ω,拉伸强度为27.1 MPa。     

固相剪切碾磨制备聚丙烯/废旧橡胶/聚烯烃弹性体复合材料

利用固相剪切碾磨技术在常温下制备了聚丙烯(PP)/废旧轮胎橡胶(GTR)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)复合材料。采用力学性能测试、差热分析(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)对固相剪切碾磨制备的GTR/POE复合粉体和相应PP/GTR/POE复合材料进行表征和分析,研究了碾磨次数和GTR/POE含量对PP/GTR/POE复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明,对固相剪切碾磨方法制备的PP/GTR/POE复合材料,GTR和POE被有效粉碎和均匀分散,其冲击强度和断裂伸长率比常规熔融共混方法制备的复合材料高;增加GTR/POE共碾磨复合粉体的含量或增加碾磨次数均可提高冲击强度和断裂伸长率。     

负载型金属氧化物在聚丙烯(PP)/氢氧化铝(ATH)阻燃体系中的协效催化阻燃作用

为解决氢氧化铝(ATH)阻燃聚丙烯(PP)存在高添加量低阻燃效率问题,文中采取了在PP/ATH体系中引入硼酸锌(ZnB)/负载型金属氧化物(WMS)复合协效剂的方法。研究结果表明,ZnB的引入解决了PP/ATH阻燃材料的阴燃问题,WMS的引入显著提高了PP/ATH体系的残炭率,降低了材料的热释放速率、总热释放量和质量损失速率,因而降低了材料的火灾危险性。而ZnB与WMS的协同使用则显著改善了材料的阻燃性能。WMS对PP/ATH阻燃体系的协效催化阻燃作用归因于其具有促进基体树脂PP大分子链自身参与凝聚相成炭的作用。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.