串联电容稳压的单相自励感应发电机

针对单相自励感应发电机电压变化率大的问题,本文提出通过串联电容稳压的接线方式.利用对称分量法对三相感应电机自励单相发电运行进行了分析,导出了基本方程式和等效电路进而推出电机的性能计算公式,给出了电容的选取原则和方法.样机实验证明了分析的正确性.     

SemihexTM联接的单相自励感应发电机

对Semihex^TM联接的单相自励感应发电机进行探讨，首先利用对称分量法导出了稳态运行时的等效电路和性能计算公式，并讨论了对称运行条件。样机实验与理论分析结果一致。结果表明，Semihex^TM联接的单相自励感应发电机具有较大的电压变化率。     

角接三相异步发电机单相带载稳态分析

给出三角形接法三相自激异步发电机为单相负载供电时系统的连接方式,通过对系统中独立节点电量关系的推导,将发电机基值频率下的正序和负序等值电路通过简单的阻抗元件连接,构成合成等值电路。根据Kirchhoff定律,以合成等值电路中回路阻抗模值为零作为系统稳态运行的条件和分析计算的基础。采用优化方法计算了不同电容组合下系统的负载电压,求取了负载电压一定时电机所需并联的电容组合,并根据不同稳压电容组合下系统的负序电流所占比重求得最佳平衡状态下的稳压电容值。计算值与实验值相互吻合,验证了该分析方法的有效性和准确性。     

Dynamic behavior of a single-phase self-excited induction generator using a three-phase machine feeding single-phase dynamic load

This paper is motivated to analyze the transient behavior of a single-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) using a three-phase machine due to switching of single-phase dynamic load like induction motors. The generator consists of a three-phase star connected induction machine excited with three-capacitors and a single-phase induction motor (IM) load. The developed dynamic models of the SEIG and the motor are based on stationary reference frame d–q axes theory incorporating the effect of cross-saturation in the magnetic circuit of the machine and the equations of excitation capacitors are described by three-phase abc model. The system suffers from heavy transients during switching of induction motor and becomes unstable. These problems may be due to resonance caused by series capacitors and the inductive motor load. The use of damping resistors across one series capacitor is proposed to damp out the starting transients for the stable operation. The motor can be started up successfully using the damping resistor. The variation of the damping resistance with the increase in load on the motor after successful starting to maintain constant terminal voltage has been presented. The eigenvalue technique is also employed to examine the transient conditions in the studied SEIG-IM system. The simulated and experimental results are presented for both the unsuccessful and successful starting of the motor. These results are in close agreement with each other, which show the effectiveness of the approach.     

Basic characteristics of a self-excited induction generator under secondary excitation at constant voltage

A self-excited wound-rotor induction generator excited with a capacitor can be used as an independent source for small-capacity wind power generator. With constant excitation capacitance, the secondary-circuit power of the induction generator is returned to the primary circuit through a converter, an inverter and a transformer; the power is controlled at the inverter so that the generator voltage is always maintained constant in spite of the changes of generator speed and load. The basic characteristics of the generator under the above conditions are analyzed. The fundamental waves of both the main circuit and the feedback circuit are determined. Using these results, the equations for various portions of the generator are derived, the performance characteristics of the generator are then analyzed and compared with experimental results.     

双馈异步发电机单相接地故障瞬态特性研究

为了便于研究DFIG在不对称电压跌落下低电压穿越运行的控制策略,有必要对不对称电压跌落时DFIG的瞬态特性进行研究。基于DFIG定、转子磁链的瞬态变化机理,对DFIG单相接地故障瞬态特性进行研究,推导出了DFIG在发生单相接地故障时的定、转子电流,电磁转矩,输出有功功率与无功功率的解析表达式,并分析得到影响单相接地故障时电磁过渡过程的主要因素。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了1.5 MW双馈异步发电机单相接地故障仿真模型。仿真结果和解析计算结果高度吻合,证明了推导的解析表达式的正确性和有效性,为双馈异步发电机不对称LVRT控制策略提供了理论基础。     

Implementation of a single-phase matrix converter induction motor drive

This paper presents an implementation of a single-phase matrix converter for a variable speed single-phase induction motor. The paper analyzes the characteristics of a single-phase ac–ac converter drive with particular emphasis on the harmonic content, input voltage utilization and variable speed performance of the motor. Both square and sinusoidal wave modulation signals in PWM generation have been used to demonstrate the effect of the modulating signal on the input voltage utilization and output harmonic content. Simulation and experimental results for an R–L and induction motor loads are presented. Promising results illustrate that a good performance of a single-phase induction motor fed by a matrix converter is achievable.     

Operating performance of static series compensated three-phase self-excited induction generator

The performance of three-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) is investigated with static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and static compensator (STATCOM) to feed static and dynamic loads. The employed compensators are three-phase, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) based, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) operated, Current-Control Voltage Source Converter (CC-VSC). The proposed control techniques employ proportional-integral (PI) controller to generate the reference current. With the designed parameters and control, the SSSC is found effective to regulate load voltage during sudden change of the loads. The SSSC also provides stable operation with dynamic induction motor load and mitigates the unstable and oscillating behavior that is resulting during the operation of compensated SEIG with dynamic motor load. The presented results prove that both SEIG–SSSC and SEIG–STATCOM systems provide satisfactory performance.     

双馈风力发电机机端三相短路电流分析

为研究双馈风力发电机的低电压穿越问题以及风电场的继电保护问题,分析了双馈风力发电机在空载同步转速下机端发生三相短路时定、转子短路电流的近似表达式.在此基础上,从双馈风力发电机内部的电磁关系出发,分析了电压跌落程度、无功功率、转速等运行状态对双馈发电机短路电流的影响,并以0.85 MW双馈风力发电机直接接入电网为例进行仿真研究,其结果验证了双馈机机端发生三相短路时定、转子电流的暂态特性,由此也为研究双馈机低电压穿越能力及风电场继电保护问题提供了理论依据.     

小型带不可控整流负载异步发电机自激电容确定

针对异步发电机带整流系统稳态运行后其电路为多回路、变拓扑结构,直接采用电流回路法分析极为困难复杂的特点,根据异步发电机定、转子边的电势平衡关系列写电压方程式,然后把方程式折算到基值频率,得到能够进行稳态分析的电机一相等值电路。在忽略整流桥有功损耗的前提下,引进功率平衡法将直流侧、交流侧联系起来,结合电机的等值电路,建立了异步发电机带整流负载系统的完整数学模型,该模型不仅分析过程简便,而且具有较高的分析精度。     

Characteristics of a self-excited induction generator at constant voltage and constant frequency under speed change

A self-excited wound-type induction generator, excited by capacitor, which changes its speed as a wind generator and can be used as a separate small power source, is described. The voltage and frequency of this generator change in accordance with the capacitance C of capacitor, generator speed and loads, and the like. The constant-voltage generator with constant C is achieved by returning the secondary power of the induction generator to the primary source through a converter, an inverter, and a transformer, and controlling the inverter control angle. But the frequency changes slightly. In order to eliminate frequency variation under constant C, a constant-frequency source such as synchronous generator or a constant-frequency generator is connected to the primary or secondary side of the transformer and operated in parallel. Constant voltage and constant frequency are achieved in spite of the change of generator speed and load. The characteristics resulting from these various measures are compared. The constant-frequency generator is better than the synchronous generator in terms of life, maintenance, and the like. In parallel operation with the constant-frequency generator connected to the primary or the secondary side of the transformer, various characteristics at constant voltage and commercial frequency are compared and analyzed. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn 119(1): 90–100, 1997     

双馈风机三相短路电流特性分析

双馈风机(DFIG)短路电流特性与传统电机相比存在显著差异。根据机端电压的跌落程度,分析了计及Crowbar保护动作和计及RSC控制两种情况下DFIG的短路电流特性。针对撬棒(Crowbar)保护动作后转子磁链的频率含量以及定、转子电流的解析表达式并未完全统一的问题,建立了DFIG数学模型,分析Crowbar保护动作后DFIG定、转子磁链的暂态过程。在此基础上采用拉氏和反拉氏变换法推导了转子磁链的表达式,通过数学解析的方法得到了计及Crowbar保护动作的DFIG定、转子电流计算表达式。同时根据DFIG数学模型和转子侧变流器(RSC)控制模型,采用解微分方程法详细地推导了计及RSC控制的双馈风机定、转子短路电流的表达式。最后在Matlab/Simulink平台上建立DFIG电磁暂态仿真模型。仿真验证计及Crowbar保护和计及RSC控制两种情况下DFIG短路电流表达式的正确性,进而分析了电压跌落程度、Crowbar阻值以及PI控制参数对短路电流的影响。     

双馈风力发电机组对电力系统稳定性影响

双馈感应发电机（DFIG）在定子磁链或电压定向的矢量控制下,其功角动态行为均具有快变特性,致使DFIG对常规同步发电机（SG）的首摆稳定性和阻尼特性产生重要影响。研究发现,DFIG和SG的功角摇摆曲线可能存在两类交点,将其分别定义为主动交越点和被动交越点,交越性质决定了DFIG对SG稳定性影响的性质。大扰动时,SG的首摆期间有主动交越交点,DFIG降低了系统的暂态稳定性;后续摇摆期间有被动交越交点,DFIG起到了正阻尼作用。     

基于双馈风电机组的分布式动态无功支撑系统

充分挖掘风电机组的无功电压调节能力对改善电力系统的电压稳定性有重要意义。首先定量分析了实际商用双馈风电机组的无功调节能力及限制因素,指出双馈风电机组具备较强的无功功率输出和吸收能力。继而提出了一种利用双馈风电机组的电力系统分布式动态无功支撑系统的构想及其实现方案。该系统可充分发挥双馈风电机组的动态无功调节能力,有效提高电力系统的动态无功储备,并显著改善双馈风电机组接入电网的电压稳定性。实际浙江电网的仿真结果验证了该技术的可行性和有效性。     

双馈感应风电机组在电网频率变化时的响应特性分析

针对风电机组双馈感应发电机在电网频率变化时给电网频率调节带来的问题,阐述了DFIG风电机组单机联网运行仿真模型和系统参数,通过仿真算例分析了双馈感应风力发电机组在电网频率突变时的频率响应特性。仿真结果表明,电网频率突变后,双馈感应风电机组的动态调节过程持续时间快于火电机组3倍;在桨距角不变、动态过程中,双馈感应风电机组能够对电网频率突变进行响应,而稳态时不能对电网频率变化进行响应。     

基于三电平变换器励磁的双馈感应发电机低电压穿越性能研究

采用三电平拓扑结构变换器对高压大功率双馈感应发电机进行励磁,研究其低电压穿越性能。在电网电压跌落时,提出用于低电压状态下的基于比例电压的控制方案,同时控制电机侧变换器和网侧变换器。仿真结果表明,采用三电平拓扑结构变换器,可以对高压大功率的双馈感应发电机进行低电压穿越控制,而且提出的基于比例电压的控制策略可以避免变换器电流过流和饱和,同时又能快速向电网中注入无功功率,为电网快速恢复提供支撑。     

定子双绕组风力感应发电机优化设计方法

结合定子双绕组感应发电机(DWIG)在风力发电场合的运行特点,建立了风力DWIG的优化设计模型,提出了相应的优化目标、优化变量及约束条件。针对粒子群优化算法早熟收敛的问题,提出了一种具有向成功和失败双重学习能力的遗传-粒子群综合算法(GPSMA)。在此基础上,分别以转速范围内的控制绕组电流及额定效率为优化目标,利用GPSMA对一台18.5 k W的DWIG进行了优化设计,并对2套优化方案进行了分析。结果表明,优化之后的样机的控制绕组电流最大值下降了62.7%或额定效率提高了0.94%,说明GPSMA有助于DWIG优化设计。     

Use of multifield induction machine to determine the characteristics of self-excited generator systems at variable speed,constant voltage and constant frequency

This paper considers a generator system using variable energy such as wind power. The variable energy influences the voltage and frequency of a generator system. However, the load requires constant voltage and frequency. Therefore, this paper proposed that a generator system have the following good points:

• (1) This generator is a brushless system which makes use of the multifield induction machine;
• (2) Frequency converter of small capacity which is used for constant voltage and frequency in load at variable speed;
• (3) The PWM inverter can supply reactive power to the self-excited generator; and
• (4) Voltage wave of load is sine wave by LC filter of the frequency converter.

The multifield induction machines of this generator system have 4 poles and 8 poles similar to stator winding. The rotor of the multifield machine is especially cage type. This rotor can transform among the 4-pole field and 8-pole field on the stator. In this paper, an experimental study of the brushless, self-excited, constant voltage, constant frequency, variable speed and sine wave generator system by multifield induction machine is described. The component of this generator system, operation of multifield induction machine, characteristics of generator system, and the effect of LC filter in frequency converter are described.     

Advanced control of a doubly-fed induction generator for wind energy conversion

The aim of this paper is to propose a control method for a doubly-fed induction generator used in wind energy conversion systems. First, stator active and reactive powers are regulated by controlling the machine inverter with three different controllers: proportional–integral, polynomial RST based on pole placement theory and Linear Quadratic Gaussian. The machine is tested in association with a wind-turbine emulator. Secondly a control strategy for the grid-converter is proposed. Simulations results are presented and discussed for each converter control and for the whole system.