SemihexTM联接的单相自励感应发电机

对Semihex^TM联接的单相自励感应发电机进行探讨，首先利用对称分量法导出了稳态运行时的等效电路和性能计算公式，并讨论了对称运行条件。样机实验与理论分析结果一致。结果表明，Semihex^TM联接的单相自励感应发电机具有较大的电压变化率。     

Basic characteristics of a self-excited induction generator under secondary excitation at constant voltage

A self-excited wound-rotor induction generator excited with a capacitor can be used as an independent source for small-capacity wind power generator. With constant excitation capacitance, the secondary-circuit power of the induction generator is returned to the primary circuit through a converter, an inverter and a transformer; the power is controlled at the inverter so that the generator voltage is always maintained constant in spite of the changes of generator speed and load. The basic characteristics of the generator under the above conditions are analyzed. The fundamental waves of both the main circuit and the feedback circuit are determined. Using these results, the equations for various portions of the generator are derived, the performance characteristics of the generator are then analyzed and compared with experimental results.     

Implementation of a single-phase matrix converter induction motor drive

This paper presents an implementation of a single-phase matrix converter for a variable speed single-phase induction motor. The paper analyzes the characteristics of a single-phase ac–ac converter drive with particular emphasis on the harmonic content, input voltage utilization and variable speed performance of the motor. Both square and sinusoidal wave modulation signals in PWM generation have been used to demonstrate the effect of the modulating signal on the input voltage utilization and output harmonic content. Simulation and experimental results for an R–L and induction motor loads are presented. Promising results illustrate that a good performance of a single-phase induction motor fed by a matrix converter is achievable.     

双馈风力发电机机端三相短路电流分析

为研究双馈风力发电机的低电压穿越问题以及风电场的继电保护问题,分析了双馈风力发电机在空载同步转速下机端发生三相短路时定、转子短路电流的近似表达式.在此基础上,从双馈风力发电机内部的电磁关系出发,分析了电压跌落程度、无功功率、转速等运行状态对双馈发电机短路电流的影响,并以0.85 MW双馈风力发电机直接接入电网为例进行仿真研究,其结果验证了双馈机机端发生三相短路时定、转子电流的暂态特性,由此也为研究双馈机低电压穿越能力及风电场继电保护问题提供了理论依据.     

小型带不可控整流负载异步发电机自激电容确定

针对异步发电机带整流系统稳态运行后其电路为多回路、变拓扑结构,直接采用电流回路法分析极为困难复杂的特点,根据异步发电机定、转子边的电势平衡关系列写电压方程式,然后把方程式折算到基值频率,得到能够进行稳态分析的电机一相等值电路。在忽略整流桥有功损耗的前提下,引进功率平衡法将直流侧、交流侧联系起来,结合电机的等值电路,建立了异步发电机带整流负载系统的完整数学模型,该模型不仅分析过程简便,而且具有较高的分析精度。     

Characteristics of a self-excited induction generator at constant voltage and constant frequency under speed change

A self-excited wound-type induction generator, excited by capacitor, which changes its speed as a wind generator and can be used as a separate small power source, is described. The voltage and frequency of this generator change in accordance with the capacitance C of capacitor, generator speed and loads, and the like. The constant-voltage generator with constant C is achieved by returning the secondary power of the induction generator to the primary source through a converter, an inverter, and a transformer, and controlling the inverter control angle. But the frequency changes slightly. In order to eliminate frequency variation under constant C, a constant-frequency source such as synchronous generator or a constant-frequency generator is connected to the primary or secondary side of the transformer and operated in parallel. Constant voltage and constant frequency are achieved in spite of the change of generator speed and load. The characteristics resulting from these various measures are compared. The constant-frequency generator is better than the synchronous generator in terms of life, maintenance, and the like. In parallel operation with the constant-frequency generator connected to the primary or the secondary side of the transformer, various characteristics at constant voltage and commercial frequency are compared and analyzed. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn 119(1): 90–100, 1997     

双馈感应风电机组在电网频率变化时的响应特性分析

针对风电机组双馈感应发电机在电网频率变化时给电网频率调节带来的问题,阐述了DFIG风电机组单机联网运行仿真模型和系统参数,通过仿真算例分析了双馈感应风力发电机组在电网频率突变时的频率响应特性。仿真结果表明,电网频率突变后,双馈感应风电机组的动态调节过程持续时间快于火电机组3倍;在桨距角不变、动态过程中,双馈感应风电机组能够对电网频率突变进行响应,而稳态时不能对电网频率变化进行响应。     

Use of multifield induction machine to determine the characteristics of self-excited generator systems at variable speed,constant voltage and constant frequency

This paper considers a generator system using variable energy such as wind power. The variable energy influences the voltage and frequency of a generator system. However, the load requires constant voltage and frequency. Therefore, this paper proposed that a generator system have the following good points:

• (1) This generator is a brushless system which makes use of the multifield induction machine;
• (2) Frequency converter of small capacity which is used for constant voltage and frequency in load at variable speed;
• (3) The PWM inverter can supply reactive power to the self-excited generator; and
• (4) Voltage wave of load is sine wave by LC filter of the frequency converter.

The multifield induction machines of this generator system have 4 poles and 8 poles similar to stator winding. The rotor of the multifield machine is especially cage type. This rotor can transform among the 4-pole field and 8-pole field on the stator. In this paper, an experimental study of the brushless, self-excited, constant voltage, constant frequency, variable speed and sine wave generator system by multifield induction machine is described. The component of this generator system, operation of multifield induction machine, characteristics of generator system, and the effect of LC filter in frequency converter are described.     

Advanced control of a doubly-fed induction generator for wind energy conversion

The aim of this paper is to propose a control method for a doubly-fed induction generator used in wind energy conversion systems. First, stator active and reactive powers are regulated by controlling the machine inverter with three different controllers: proportional–integral, polynomial RST based on pole placement theory and Linear Quadratic Gaussian. The machine is tested in association with a wind-turbine emulator. Secondly a control strategy for the grid-converter is proposed. Simulations results are presented and discussed for each converter control and for the whole system.     

双馈风力发电机三相短路电流分析

为了研究双馈风力发电机组的低电压穿越控制问题,分析了双馈风力发电机定子端三相短路时短路电流的产生机理,给出了双馈风力发电机在空载同步转速条件下的定转子短路电流的近似解析表达式.在此基础上,根据双馈风力发电机内部的电磁关系,分析了发电机故障前不同转速、输出有功功率及无功功率等运行状态对双馈发电机短路电流的影响.在理论分析的基础上,建立了3 MW双馈风力发电机的模型,对发电机定子端三相短路故障状态进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明:通过定转子短路电流的近似解析表达式和发电机故障前的初始状态可以有效对双馈发电机短路电流进行定性分析,为进一步研究双馈风力发电机的低电压穿越能力提供了理论依据.     

A systematic approach to design and operation of a doubly fed induction generator

The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently one of the most common topologies employed for wind turbine generators (WTGs). The system has the benefit of a back-to-back voltage sourced converter (VSC) of reduced rating, due to its connection to the rotor windings. This paper considers the impact of mechanical and electrical parameters on the kVA requirements of the two VSCs, which together with the dc link capacitor serve as the rotor winding's power supply. This topology is contrasted with alternatives utilizing a diode rectifier-voltage sourced inverter pair and a set of design curves are generated. In addition to steady-state analysis, an operating strategy for reactive power allocation management is proposed. The theoretical considerations are validated with results obtained from representation of the system in an electromagnetic transient program.     

Analysis of the self-excited three-phase synchronous generator utilizing the second space harmonic for excitation

In a previous paper, we proposed a new self-excited three-phase synchronous generator in which the second space harmonic component of the armature reaction field is used for exciting the field system, and clarified its operating principles and basic characteristics by experiment. The new generator has a series excitation characteristic, and responds quickly to a sudden change of load, because an excitation power can be directly obtained from the armature reaction field. This paper introduces a method for analyzing the steady-state performance of our new generator. In the analysis, an equivalent circuit of the generator is derived from a duality between interlinked electric and magnetic circuits. A simple determination method of parameters in the equivalent circuit is also shown. Calculated results are compared with the experimentally obtained values on a laboratory machine, and good agreement between both values has been observed. The proposed analysis is useful for simulating the steady-state performance of the generator by taking into account the nonlinear effect of the iron core due to magnetic saturation. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 121(1): 70–81, 1997     

The zero-sequence performance of a three-phase slip-ring induction machine

Contents A new method of calculation of zero-sequence currents and electromagnetic torque of a three-phase slip-ring induction machine is presented in the paper. The zero-sequence equivalent circuit of an induction machine has the single-phase winding in the stator and the single-phase winding in the rotor. In such system generation of infinite sequence of stator's and rotor's currents with various frequencies takes place. Examples of calculations of zero-sequence currents and torque are presented.

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Ein mathematisches Modell vom Nullsystem der Dreiphasen — Schleifringläufermaschine

Übersicht In dem Artikel wird ein mathematisches Modell vom Nullsystem der Dreiphasen-Schleifringläufermaschine bearbeitet. Das Modell vom Nullsystem enthält die einphasige Wicklung im Ständer und die einphasige Wicklung im Läufer. In der Arbeit wird eine Methode zur Berechnung der Ströme und Drehmomente vorgelegt. Es wird gezeigt, daß unendliche Reihen für die Ströme im Ständer und Läufer entstehen. Es werden beispiele von der Strom- und Drehmomentberechnung des Nullsystems dargestellt.

     

三相电压对称跌落双馈风电机组转子电压特性分析

针对电网故障产生的三相电压对称跌落,通过对电压跌落期间双馈风电机组（Doubly fed induction generator,DFIG）磁链和转子电压动态过程的详细论述,揭示了转子侧变换器在电压跌落期间不能提供足够的控制电压是造成转子侧过流的根本原因.以一台商用风电机组为例,得出电网电压不同程度跌落时,转子电压最大幅值-转差率特性,并计算出转子侧变换器所能输出的最大理论幅值.最后提出增强双馈风电系统在电压跌落期间运行能力的控制对策和保护措施.     

电网故障下风力发电系统的暂态电压控制策略

研究了由双馈感应式发电机和笼型异步发电机组成的风力发电系统的暂态电压控制策略。当电网发生故障时,单位功率因数运行方式下的双馈感应式发电机组和笼型异步发电机组都不能够提供无功功率以帮助系统恢复稳定运行。本文提出了一种基于PI控制器的暂态电压控制策略并对其进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,故障清除后能够提高双馈感应式发电机和笼型异步发电机的暂态电压稳定性,同时改善了系统稳定运行的能力。     

Sensorless vector controlled converter for variable speed wind generation system using an induction generator

This paper proposed two types of speed sensorless converters that can control rotational speed and electric power. One is based on a slip frequency control system. The other is based on a vector control system. The rotational speed of the wind turbine is estimated with the phase voltage and phase current of the induction generator by the adaptive rotor flux observer. The estimated wind turbine rotational speed ω_r^est is used as the feedback of the speed control loop in the converter control system. Also, the estimated rotor flux ?_2d^est is used for the vector control. The simulation results confirm that both of them perform satisfactorily under the speed sensorless operation. The method based on the vector control system generates more electrical energy than does the method based on the slip frequency control system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 62–75, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20323     

感应电机不对称短路的瞬态

首先建立对称运行和不对称短路时感应电机的瞬态模型,然后利用磁链守恒原则确定感应电机不对称短路时定、转子电流的初值,并用实例进行数值求解。全文为普通和双笼感应电机不对称短路的瞬态分析建立了理论基础。     

DFIG的SVM-IPC与SVM-DPC比较

为比较间接功率控制(indirect power control,IPC)和直接功率控制(direct power control,DPC)的控制特点,提出了双馈感应发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)的间接功率控制(IPC)和直接功率控制(DPC)策略.首先提出采用空间矢量调制(space vector modulation,SVM)的SVM-IPC策略,该策略通过对转子电流的直接控制间接实现对定子有功和无功功率的解耦控制;其次提出基于SVM的SVM-DPC策略,该策略不通过电流控制环节,直接实现定子有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制.分析结果表明,SVM-IPC具有良好的稳态性能,但动态响应能力取决于PI参数的优化程度;SVM-DPC不仅稳态性能好,而且具有快速的动态响应能力.实验结果验证了提出策略的可行性和正确性.     

Electron temperature measurement and performance of a nonequilibrium disk MHD generator

Electron temperatures of nonequilibrium cesium seeded argon plasmas in a disk MHD generator installed in a blow-down facility are measured spectroscopically, and the generator performance is discussed in relation to the electron temperature. The temperature is decreased from ∼9000 K to ∼3000 K when the seed fraction is increased from 1 × 10⁻⁴ to 3 × 10⁻⁴. For the seed fraction of about 2 × 10⁻⁴ corresponding to the maximum power output, the temperature is found to be 4000–5000 K and the temperature fluctuation becomes minimal. For the seed fraction around 2 × 10⁻⁴, the electrical conductivity evaluated from the temperature is almost independent of the temperature. These facts suggest that the plasma is almost in the full seed ionization regime. Partially ionized argon and cesium plasmas are dominant at seed fractions below 1.3 × 10⁻⁴ and over 2.3 × 10⁻⁴, respectively, which degrades generator performance. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 120(1): 16–22, 1997